• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.525-534
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• 2022

The supply of housing can be understood through a close relationship with the urbanization phenomenon. Through industrialization and urbanization, many cities have implemented systems and policies for housing supply due to population concentration in cities, poor housing quality, and lack of housing. In the case of the Netherlands, the Housing Act was enacted in 1901 to improve the residential environment during the period when the population was concentrated in the city, and various efforts were made to expand the housing supply. Through this process, we understand the background of collective housing types in the Netherlands and analyze the application stages of contemporary residential housing planning in Rotterdam and Amsterdam. On the other hand, through the experience of Western society, we examine how to view the problem of multi-family housing types in our society, where the proportion of apartments is continuously increasing.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2023

If traditional Korean villages or residential districts have formed a community on the ground of coexisting with nature, there is a different historical development process in which many European cities have created residences for multi households on the basis of roads and blocks in fortresses. Along with the modernization of society together with large-scale housing supply, the urban landscape of series of large apartment complexes has become universal views of our urban structure; thus, the viewpoint that small and medium-sized block-based collective housing, which are more common urban structures in European cities can be linked to the improvement of urbanity and neighborship is examined. Through the process, the possibility of expanding collective housing supply based on small and medium-sized blocks as an alternative method other than complex-type apartments based on superblock, I would like to make meaningful in terms of how we can change the fundamental mutual relationship with our lifestyle and the tangible change of collective housing types which has large impact on our lives.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.791-800
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• 2021

British housing types began with detached houses using wood based on early Germanic cultures, and gradually divided into multi-story houses such as terraces houses, with the influx of houses using stone from Latin cultures influenced by France. Today, various types of housing types such as detached houses, townhouses, and apartments are mixed, and their origins can be found in housing types that have continued from the past. Housing types existing in the UK continue their context through this historical development process, but housing types in the UK also have been combined with those of other cultures, leading to modern housing types. In this paper, we examine the process of the UK's peculiar development of housing types superimposed with the recurring motion to the traditional European urban structures prior to the industrial revolution during contemporary years, and perimeter block collective housings of today; then, we study the process of applying the UK case as a concept of practical design and planning in order to continuously consider Korea's modern urban structure and corresponding types of housing. Through this process, we explore the identity of the housing type in Korea, which is pursuing fundamental changes in residential culture beyond quantitative housing supply in the process of rapid urbanization.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to understand the trends of urban housing in the age of modernization in Western cities since 1970's, and to provide the useful data for diversifying urban housing types in Korea. Although the housing types can be categorized in many ways according to the points of view, this study classifies 11 types by a criterion of urban composition elements. Among 11 urban housing types, one type, free-standing slab structure, has been mainly applied to Korean situation. The reason might be that the free-standing structure type is the most efficient one in terms of land use and block organization, but it results in a monotonic condition of urban housing blocks. Therefore, taking local characteristics and urban contexts in Korea into consideration, the future urban housing design should be developed in different ways of making local life styles possible in them, by adopting various types of Western urban housing precedents.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to investigate the functional conformity based on the analysis of the spatial connectivity of block housing using space syntax. Three cases were selected which have important meanings in 1920s. The properties of spatial configuration were derived from an urban-context approach and without urban context analysis, and spatial connectivity and functional conformity were analyzed using references. The results of the study revealed that the arrangement of block housing were different from one another notwithstanding their similar layout characteristics. The relationships between urban streets and housing complexes were identified, and the public spaces were being arranged as semi-public spaces, whereas blocks as private spaces by separating functions. This study provides the implications for the planning of low rise-high density housings by means of analyzing the spatial connectivity of the spatial layout characteristics of European block housing, recognizing the relationships between urban communities and housing complexes.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.27-37
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• 2019

This study focused on the possibility of reducing the cooling load through the change of micro climate in the outdoor space during summer season. This study proposes an efficient planning model by comparing the effects of urban heat island mitigation through wind path planning, outdoor space vegetation, and exterior material change by using the basic model of the street-oriented block housing proposed in the previous research by the same author. As a result, the most effective wind path planning strategy in the street-oriented block housing was the change of the air flow through the mass height adjustment. When the tall building masses were staggered and arranged in a balanced manner, the overall wind environment could be improved. The greater the height difference between low and high masses, the better the air flow was shown. It was also important to arrange the building masses so that the inlet of the main wind was open and to allow the external space to connect to the adjacent block to create a continuous flow. The change of outdoor space vegetation and flooring, and the formation of wind paths through the opening of lower part also showed the effect of heat island reduction. In addition, the change of PMV in summer was the biggest influence of shadow by tall building mass. Attention should be paid to the fact that high-albedo exterior materials are adversely affected by multiple reflections in dense street-oriented block housing. The use of albedo of the exterior material showed that it is necessary to pay attention to apply in the high density block housing. This is attributed to the rise of the temperature due to the absorption of energy into the low-albedo flooring, where the high-albedo exterior causes multiple reflections.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2013

On July 2004, the brand new CASBEE for construction (Brief version) has completed while trying to highlight and improve major items adequate for each region's characteristics in Japan; at the same time, from the start of NAGOYA CITY (operated since April 2004) to the point of May 2011, it has been mandatory for specified size buildings in 23 regions by law. Evaluation sheet of CASBEE is published on each region's home page and various genre of information on building evaluation which is scheduled to be completed by 2016 and is for 5-6 years of quantity is accumulated until October 2012. It is good study resource to verify how new buildings being evaluated are closely match with CASBEE's original purport (eco-friendly, energy efficiency, publicity etc). Particularly, for Japan's multi-family housing where small sized mid to high level single housing type is majority in city, it is an important point that improved performance on eco-friendly buildings have more value in city rather than suburb. Categorized score through evaluation is a resource to confirm the latest trend of multi-family housing built in congested city; on the other hand, demand of the time can be recognized by the score focused on category. It is meaningful resource to determine the adequacy of evaluated items and the degree of reality.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 2010

This paper aims at studying about spatial structures and formative characteristics of Lucy Orta's fashion design. Her works utilizes the thought related on the architectural space that has been revealed sharp change of the paradigm since the late of 20th century. Lucy Orta against individualism of the urban life, and manufactures portable and moving housing and multi-functional fashion that is paved with individual rest unit and give a sense of security through simple combination among the units. Besides, she has development multiple portable clothing and equipments for the rescuethrough exploiting pioneering high technology. The results of this study can be summarized as the following: 1) refuge habitant creates individual space for physical and mental protection from the urban surrounding, 2) nomadic dwelling shows multi-functional fashion space fit for digital nomads' life style aims at continuous movement, 3) connective nexus and urban life guard are comprise of detachable individual unit in public space for remaking of the bonds, affinity, and relationship, and the complex of rescue clothing and equipments for meeting a challenge of the threat about human existence from uncertain environmental change in the future.