• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.108-118
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• 2010

This paper analyzes the changes in rail policy in the UK between 1948 and 2007. The UK rail system, once a nationalized industry, was privatized in 1994. Consequently it increased the role of government after 2000, which was a year of frequent rail accident. Recently the UK rail system has made solving global warming and EU interoperability in rail. This paper examines the main factors in changes in rail policy in the UK, which is through the ruling party's ideology, comprehensive transport policy, aimed at reducing global warming and rail accident. Moreover, this paper clarifies the characteristics of rail policy that is consistent with social role of rail, integrative transport policy and acknowledging the positive role of rail against global warming.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.18-31
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• 2013

The operational purpose of exclusive bus lanes is to ease traffic congestion through the increase of person-carrying capacity on arterial roads. It is necessary to study on the route suitability for exclusive bus lanes because their operation may worsen traffic congestion due to the misuse of general purpose lane for an exclusive bus lane. This research quantifies the route suitability for exclusive bus lanes in Kwangju-city utilizing 7 indexes such as bus traffic volume, number of bus routes, traffic volume per lane, number of lane, number of intersection, number of streets, rate of curvature for the exclusive bus lane, recognizing the problem that the current installation standard of exclusive bus lanes is only limited to the bus traffic volume and the number of bus passengers. In addition, this research analyzes the operational efficiency for exclusive bus lanes, which is currently operated and their optimal operation hours.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.121-125
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• 2007

대구시는 여름철을 제외하고 서북서풍내지 서풍으로 서풍계열의 바람이 우세하여 지리적으로 서쪽에 위치한 공장지대와 신흥 부도심의 영향이 도심지 내부에 크게 나타날 수밖에 없는 그런 구조를 가지고 있으므로 도심내의 녹지공원 조성과 같은 오아시스 효과로 자연형 대기 순환 구조를 구축하지 않을 경우 환경오염과 지구온난화로 인한 심각한 피해가 초래할 수 있으므로 친환경도시를 위한 준비를 소홀히 해서는 않된다고 사료된다. 아울러 대구광역시의 연평균 대기오염물질의 농도는 $PM_{10}$, $NO_2$ 제외하고 환경기준을 초과한 것은 없으며, 주로 자동차와 주변 공장에 의한 오염원이 대부분임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $PM_{10}$의 경우 대구시에 산재한 환경측정만 대부분의 지점에서 환경기준을 초과하고 있으므로 디젤 자동차 및 비산먼지 저감 등 미세분진에 대한 저감 대책을 신속히 마련하여야 한다고 생각한다. 그리고 대구시의 $O_3$과 $PM_{10}$의 고농도 현상은 고기압이 장시간 우리나라를 지배하면서 대기가 안정되고 바람이 약하여 국지풍의 발달이 용이할 경우 도심지내에 고농도 오염을 야기하고 있으며 지형적으로 도심의 오염물이 다른 지역으로 수송되거나 확산이 용이하지 않는 지형구조를 갖고 있으므로 도심을 흐르는 신천을 바람통로 이용하고 도심에 녹지공간 형성 및 도심지의 불투수성 지표면을 잔디 이식을 통한 자연형 도로로 바꾸어 줌으로서 도심내의 열 축적 현상을 줄이고 증발산을 도울 수 있는 cold island 역할을 증대시킬 수 있을 것이다. 이와 같은 사업은 풍속이 약하고 건조한 독일을 포함한 유럽의 내륙지방에서 활발하며 최근에는 해안에 있는 대도시에 저온의 해풍 또는 강바람을 도심에 유입시켜 도시열섬을 완화하고자 하는 시도가 일본을 포함한 아시아 국가에서 많은 관심을 가지고 있다(Ichinose, 1999, 2000; 김해동 외, 2002).

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2011

The spalling phenomenon occurs in high-strength concrete when several factors such as sharp temperature increase, high water content, low water/cement ratio and local stress concentration in material combine in the concrete material. On the basis of the factors, the preventing methods from the spalling are known as reduction of temperature increase, preventing of concrete fragmentation and fast drying of internal moisture. In this study, the reduction of temperature increase was proposed as the most effective spalling-preventing method among the spalling-preventing methods. Engineered cementitious composite for fireproof and repair materials was developed in order to protect the new and existing RC structures form exterior deterioration factors such as fire, cloride ion, etc. This study was carried out to estimate the fire-resisting performance of high strength concrete slab or tunnel lining by repaired engineered cementitious composite (ECC) or fiber reinforcement cemetitious composite (FRCC) under fire temperature curve. and them we will descrike the result of HIDA tunnel in Japan.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.47-52
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• 2011

Vehicle classification data are considerably used in the almost all fields of transportation planning and engineering. Highway agencies use a large number of vehicle classification schemes. Vehicles on the national highway are classified by 12-Category classification system, using number of axles, distances between axles, vehicle length, overhang, and other factors. In the case of using existing axle-sensor-based classification counters (that is, 12-category classification system), two-axle vehicles(Class 1 to 4) can be erroneously classified because a passenger vehicle becomes larger and similar with class 3 and 4. In this reason, this study proposes the vehicle classification scheme based on using vehicle height profiles obtained by a laser sensors. Also, the accuracy of the proposed method are tested through a field study.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.671-678
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• 2015

When evaluating the feasibility of construction projects of large-scaled transportation facilities such as roads or railways based solely on the result of the economic analysis, less development indicators are politically reflected on the investment decision-making because regions whose socio-economic indicators are poor may be disadvantaged or underserved for the projects. Existing less development indicators, however, does not consider the transportation connectivity which indicates how effective the transportation networks are established for the transport of people and goods. In this study, travel time contour maps, travel distance and travel time between regions, and a route curvature were utilized to define new indices which reflect transportation connectivity on the less development indicators. When the new indices are applied, the existing rankings of under-developedness were changed, which means that transportation connectivity could effect on the political decision. In this study, we also suggested the necessity of considering the transportation connectivity when evaluating less development indicators, developed measures of inter-regional linkages, and performed the whole procedures of combining existing and new indices to evaluate the less development indicators.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2316-2324
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• 2008

In this paper, I illustrate the some examples of socio-economic influence of railroad in Korea. The Korean railroad has been running for 109 years now since it started operation in 1899. The opening of railroad in Korea has been affecting influence in our society not only transportation but also infrastructure building and the formation of new cities which they were built along the rail network like Daejeon. I have come up with some examples, which railroad has affected the in our society. For example, the changes of transport route from road to railroad, emerging the new cities, industries and culture. This paper contributes to look over the various function of railroad in Korea. Moreover it will be compared with Japan's railroad influence in his country. It gives us a peculiarity and universality in railroad's function including colonial policy

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.11 no.2 s.40
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• pp.101-110
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• 2006

ADevelopment of various geographic observations, GPS, and Wireless Communication technologies make it easy to control many moving objects and to build an intelligent transport system and transport vehicle management system. However it is difficult to make a suitable system in the real world with a variety of tests to evaluate the performance fairly because real vehicle data are not enough as evaluating and testing the transport plan in the system. Therefore some moving object data generator would be used in most researches. However they can not generate vehicle trajectory according to a user scenario defined to be applied to transport plan, because the existing data generators consider only a gauss distribution, road network. In this paper we design and implement a vehicle data generator for creating vehicle trajectory data based on the user-defined scenario. The designed data generator could make the vehicle location depending on user's transport plan. Besides we store the scenario as patterns and reutilize the used scenario.

• Bulletin of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.57-63
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• 1995

극지개발을 위해서는 극지의 혹독한 자연환경을 대상으로 하는 과학지식과 극지에서 사용되는 특수시설과 장비를 설계, 시공 그리고 운용하는 공학기술이 요구된다. 극지관련 공학기술은 저 온용재료 관련기술, 도로나 교량, 건축물과 같은 극한지 천연자원의 시추와 생산, 수송을 위한 해양구조물과 파이프라인 관련기술, 그리고 얼음의 재료특성에 관한 이론 및 실험으로 크게 구 분할 수 있다. (Table 1). 극지용 구조물과 빙해항행선박 (쇄빙선) 은 일반 해역에서 운용되는 구조물에 비해 형상, 구조강도, 의장, 저온특수설비 등에서 새로운 개념의 기술이 요구되기 때 문에 금후 국내 조선해양산업계가 지향해야 할 고도의 기술집약형 건조물이다. 또한 최근 들어 국내에서도 시베리아 천연자원의 해상운송을 위해 빙해역을 운항할 수 있는 유조선이나 일반 화물선을 확보해야할 필요성이 대두되고 있으며, 또한 국내 조선업계의 생산기술이 비약적으로 발전함에 따라 외국으로부터의 빙해항행선박의 수주도 이루어지고 있으나 아직 이들 선박의 설계를 위한 독자적인 기술은 미흡한 현실이다. 극지개발은 이론적 접근과 함께 실험에 의한 신뢰성 있는 자료를 축적해야 한다. 이를 위해서는 빙해수조(,ice model basin)의 건조나 빙역학 실험을 위한 냉동실험실 (cold room)의 건립을 위한 초기투자가 절실히 요구되며 산업계의 수 요에 따른 포괄적인 산학협동연구가 진행되어야 할 필요가 있다. 빙해수조와 냉동실험실은 빙 해역에 직접 접하지 않은 국가에서 극지공학 연구에 참여하기 위한 필수적인 시설인데 table 2에 대표적인 빙해수조의 설치장소와 규모에 대하여 정리하였다. 이 글은 우리 나라가 쉽게 접할 수 없는 극지환경을 이해하고 가까운 장래에 예상되는 수주경쟁에 대비하여, 국내외의 극지개발 동향을 분석하고 이에 대한 국내의 극지관련 연구의 현황과 앞으로의 전망을 살펴보기 위하여 준비된 것이다. 이 글에서는 극지공학 일반보다는 조선해양분야에 관련된 내용만으로 국한한다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.405-415
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to compare greenhouse gas emissions from road transportation by calculation methods (Tier 1, Teir 2, and Tier 3). Tier 1 based on 2006 IPCC guidelines default emission factor and amount of fuel consumption. The Tier 2 approach is the same as Tier 1 except that country-specific carbon contents of the fuel sold in road transport are used. Tier 2 based on emission factor of guidelines for local government greenhouse gas inventories (Korea Environment Corporation), the fuel consumption per one vehicle, and the registered motor vehicles. The Tier 3 approach requires detailed, country-specific data to generate activity-based emission factors for vehicle subcategories (National Institute of Environmental Research) and may involve national models. Tier 3 calculates emissions by multiplying emission factors by vehicle activity levels (e.g., VKT) for each vehicle subcategory and possible road type. VKT was estimated by using GIS road map and traffic volume of the section. The GHG average emission rate by the Tier 1 was 728,857 $tonCO_2eq$/yr, while Tier 2 and Tier 3 were 864,757 $tonCO_2eq$/yr and 661,710 $tonCO_2eq$/yr, respectively. Tier 3 was underestimated by 10.1 and 20.7 percent for the GHG emission observed by Tier 1 and Tier 2, respectively. Based on this study, we conclude that Tier 2 is reasonable GHG emissions than Tier 1 or Tier 3. But, further study is still needed to accurate GHG emission from Tier 3 method by expanding the traffic survey area and developing the model of local road traffic.