• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2013

We investigated the lithology and petrography of granites and metasedimentary rocks in Deokjeok Island at the western margin of the Gyeonggi massif. The major lithology comprises the biotite granite that intrudes all other types of rocks. A minor amount of mylonitized porphyritic granite crops out along the southeastern coast. Metasedimentary rocks in the north are further divided into: (1) sheared quartzite-schist to the northeast; and (2) relatively less-deformed, low-grade metasedimentary rocks to the northwest. The former contains quartz grains showing undulatory extinction and subgrain aggregates as well as minor amount of primary chlorite and biotite in the muscovite-rich matrix. Metamorphic condition belongs to the greenschist facies or the biotite zone. On the other hand, the latter unit consists of meta-conglomerate, meta-sandstone, meta-pelite, and black slate. Regardless of the lithology, the intensity of deformation apparently increases eastward to develop the flow banding of quartz in the shear zone.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2004

To investigate the vegetation structure of subalpine region from Hyangjeukbong to 2nd Deogyusan, 20 plots(100$m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups Quercus mongolica community, Betula ermanii - Picea jezoensis - Taxus cuspidata community, Taxus cuspidata - Qurecus mongolica - Betula ermanii community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica, Taxus cuspidata and Betula ermanii were found as a major woody plant species in the subalpine region from Hyangjeukbong to 2nd Deogyusan. In this area, Korean endemic species, Abies koreana was distributed small amounts. In future, importance percentage of Abies koreana might be decreased, but that of Betula ermanii might be increased. High positive correlations was proved between Betula ermanii and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum ; Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Acer mono; Syringa velutina and Magnolia sieboldii and relatively high negative corrlations was proved between Betular ermani and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes ; Quercus mongolica and Acer mono; Abies koreana and Tripterygium regelii, Weigela subsessilis. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups were ranged 1.0316∼1.1776 and it was similar to those of the ridge area of the national parks in Baekdudaegan.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.50
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• pp.89-120
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• 2013

The concept of virtue seems to be one of the rare cases where the European and the Chinese traditions coincide. The meaning of the Latin word virtus and of Greek $aret{\acute{e}}$ seems to be similar to the Chinese $d{\acute{e}}$德. Most striking in virtue is that it is a capacity for self-realisation through action which is unique to man. On the other hand, there is something physical about it. It is the strength to do something. This strength overcomes the resistance of what is naturally given, it transforms the world, turns the natural world into a human one. In the Chinese tradition, $d{\acute{e}}$ 德, i.e. virtue, is therefore always connected with $da{\grave{o}}$ 道, the totality of natural forces. In the Chinese tradition, as opposed to the European one, virtue is itself considered to be a natural force that is present in man. This force sustains man's connectedness, unity and harmony with the surrounding world. Things exist through the unity of principle理 and ether氣. But the knowledge of this unity is due to principle. Moral and legal norms are shifted totally to the sphere of principle. Therefore their have found the final dissolution from a heroic models. Above all the classical Confucians, but also the other schools, would reply to this that there is nothing more precise than a concrete successful action. Its result fits the world perfectly. The difference is due to the differing interest of ethical thought. In the case of the Confucians the path is more direct. The actor establishes a precise pattern for other actions. Education therefore lies in detailed knowledge about forms of behaviour, not so much in conceptual differentiation. It is quite possible that generalisation may be a methodical prerequisite for success in this endeavour. That problem, too, is discussed. But the success of conceptualisation lies in the successful performance of individual actions, not in shaping actions in accordance with normative concepts.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2012

Using the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) retrieved aerosol optical thickness (AOT) along with ground measurements of PM2.5 mass concentration, we assessed local air quality over Dukjuk and Jeju island and estimated possibility of satellite derived PM2.5 during nine intensive observation periods in 15 October 2005 - 24 October 2007. Averaged PM2.5 mass concentrations showed relatively variable as $25.61{\pm}22.92{\mu}g/m^3$ at Dukjuk and $17.33{\pm}10.79{\mu}g/m^3$ at Jeju. The maximum values of $188.89{\mu}g/m^3$ (Dukjuk) and $50.46{\mu}g/m^3$ (Jeju) were recorded during Asian dust storm day. Similarly, the maximum values of MODIS AOT were found as 3.73 (Gosan) and 1.14 (Jeju). Averaged MODIS AOTs at Dukjuk ($0.79{\pm}0.81$) were larger than that at Jeju ($0.42{\pm}0.24$). An empirical relationship between MODIS AOT and PM2.5 mass was obtained and results show that there was a good correlation between satellite and ground based values with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.85 at Dukjuk. The result clearly demonstrates that satellite derived AOT is a good surrogate for monitoring PM air quality over study area. However, meteorological and other ancillary datasets are necessary to further apply satellite data for air quality research.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.565-570
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• 2017

In a plumcot 'Harmony' cultivar, which is an interspecific hybrid between plum and apricot, canopy occupation and productivity according to tree training system, Y shape with no trellis (YNT) and Y-palmette with trellis (YPT), were compared. According to the survey results for 5 years of planting, tree growth was similar in two training systems. However, canopy occupation and fruit yield of YPT were significantly higher than those of YNT. The fruit weight and sugar content were not significantly different between two systems. The fruit drop rate tended to be lower in YPT than in YNT. From the above results, it is expected that the YPT type will contribute to the increase of canopy occupation and fruit yield and reducing the fruit drop rate compared to the YNT.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.39
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• pp.181-220
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• 2018

I analyze Seo Kyung Duk's (徐敬德, 1489-1546) phonetic essay and deduce whether it is related to the Tang poetry style [唐詩風], which was popular in the 16th century. Seo Kyung Duk was known as a Ki[氣]-oriented scholar and a kind of numerologist. He taught people regardless of their status differences, which gave them an open-minded attitude. Most of them were active in the areas near Seoul. Around this time, the Tang poetry style began to be popular in the Yi dynasty. Most of the leading writers of this literary trend were his students. He thought that the universe was made up of the movement of Ki[氣] and that the movement followed the correct order of numbers. Ki[氣] is active, automatic, and inevitably creates the universe in the order of numbers. The reasons for their existence are clear. All present existences, including human beings, fit together and collectively harmonize by themselves. Beyond the present discrimination, the Great Body [本體] returns to a clean and transparent unity. As such, the school presented the political stance of taking the differences of the present world into harmony and the literary position of trying to experience the clean and transparent unity of the Great Body through an aesthetic experience.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.261-286
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• 2018

It is possible to communicate with objects in various styles, but especially the poem[詩], the ode[賦], the inscription[銘] are remarkable. The word is not the mouth, but the mind and the soul. Therefore, if a person is in a relationship with an object that defines the person, what conversation with the object is the person's inner. So if you know what a person has been with things, you can imagine his outer surface, and you can get inner if you know what you talked about. Seo Kyung-duk who lived a poverty life, but can not live without things, so his things are not a thing, Seo Kyung-duk also recorded especially about the dojookjang[bamboo cane], the buchae[fan], and the $k{\breve{o}}mungo$[Korean lute] Seo Kyung-duk with the buchae, Seo Kyung-duk with the dojookjang, and Seo Kyung-duk with the $k{\breve{o}}mungo$. These are the pictures we can imagine. And I can draw Seo Kyung-duk to talk with those things. Seo Kyung-duk, who is reflected in the dojookjang, shows the reality of participating in the rescue of the people's hardships and the stubborn world. Seo Kyung-duk, who is reflected in the buchae, is a philosopher who explores the origin of existence with the appearance of realistic preachers who have to wash away the difficulties of the people. Seo Kyung-duk, who is reflected in the $k{\breve{o}}mungo$, is a philosopher who grasps Ki(氣) the phenomenon and the source, the immaterial and the material, the type and the intangible. Both the strings and non-strings are $k{\breve{o}}mungos$. The $k{\breve{o}}mungo$ is strong in ideology symbolizing the Confucianism ideological ideals, and Seok Kyung-duk is also in the extension line. Seo Gyeong-deok, who has seen through the dojookjang, the buchae, and the $k{\breve{o}}mungo$ has a realistic sense of realizing that he should worry about the pain of the world and fulfill a good world. He is a philosopher who pierces the root of existence and can be governed by the logic of Ki(氣).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.113-116
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• 2009

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 1991

덕적도 진리와 서포리의 우물에서 채집한 검물벼룩 1신종, Acanthocyclops tokchokensis, n. sp.를 기재한다.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.33-41
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide the informations for conservation and effective management of Picea yezoensis community in Mt. Deogyu and Mt. Gyebang. The vegetation of tree, subtree and shrub layer was consist of 8, 20, 26 species in Mt. Deogyu, and 12, 23, 33 species in Mt. Gyebang. Importance value by layer P. yezoensis, Betula ermanii, Abies koreana at tree layer, B. ermanii, Quercus mongolica at subtree layer, and Sasa borealis at shrub layer in Mt. Deogyu, and P. yezoensis, B. ermanii, Abies nephrolepis at tree layer, Acer komarovii and A. ukurunduense at subtree layer, and Tripterygium regelii at shrub layer in Mt. Gyebang were high, respectively. Species diversity in Mt. Deogyu and Mt. Gyebang were 0.779 and 0.984 at tree layer, 1.052 and 1.161 at subtree layer, and 0.823 and 1.304 at shrub layer, respectively. According to the DBH class of major species, P. yezoensis in Mt. Deogyu showed a reverse J-shaped curve, which was estimated that P. yezoensis community of this site might be maintained continuously as a stable state.