• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.468-476
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• 2020

We aimed to analyze the microbiological quality of the ready-to-eat (RTE) side dishes collected from traditional markets, supermarkets, and cafeterias in Gyeonggi-do in 2019. A total of 108 samples were analyzed for total aerobic bacterial counts, coliforms and foodborne pathogens depending on place of purchase and cooking methods. Results show that Bacillus cereus was detected in 14 (12.9%) out of 108 samples of side dishes, while no other foodborne pathogens were detected. The mean detected level (range) of total aerobic bacteria depending on place of purchase was 5.8 log CFU/g (3.0 to 8.2 log CFU/g) for traditional markets, 4.3 log CFU/g (2.4 to 7.8 log CFU/g) for supermarkets, and 3.80 log CFU/g (0.0 to 6.8 log CFU/g) for cafeterias, indicating that there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in total aerobic bacterial counts among places of purchase. Among the samples, the highest counts of total aerobic bacteria and coliforms were detected in saengchae (raw vegetables), followed by namul (seasoned herbs, vegetables), bokkeum (stir-fried foods), and jorim (foods cooked in soy sauce). The growth of total aerobic bacteria in seasoned soybean sprouts was inhibited when the sprouts were stored at 4℃ up to 24 h, whereas bacteria rapidly grew at 20 and 35℃ after 3 and 6 h, respectively. These results reveal that storage temperature might play a significant role for the microbiological quality of seasoned soybean sprouts when they are sold in markets. Thus, this study suggests that RTE side dishes should be stored at refrigerated temperature when being sold at markets as well as after purchasing to improve their microbiological quality.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

Gyeongbuk Agricultural Technology Administration carried out the nation opinion research to mushroom industry in 115 of the citizen and the provincials from 10/17/2008 to 10/18/2008. Which was for both grasping the citizen's opinion and habits and understanding farmers'. The result of the research is the following. 37.4 percent people preferred Lentimus edodes among the all respondents and 27.0 percent preferred Flammulina velutipes. As for the purchasing place, 57.4 percent buy them in large retail stores, 40.9 percent buy them in traditional markets. 67 percent of the respondents mainly use them in fall, 31.3 percent use them in winter. 88.7 percent of them mainly eat the mushrooms at home, 11.3 percent is at restaurants. 63.5 percent of them responded that the price of mushrooms was resonable, 26.1 percent answered that was expensive. In appearance, 27 percent of them chose yellow Flammulina velutipes as a good-looking mushroom, 19.1 percent chose Lentimus edodes.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.461-466
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• 2013

This study compared the quality characteristics between meat ball products in domestic market. Five types of meat ball products(T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) were purchased in domestic market. In terms of the chemical composition, meat ball products ranged 53.92~63.45% in moisture contents. In terms of quality characteristics, T2 showed a significantly higher pH value and cooking loss than the others (p<0.05). In terms of deformation rate, T2 showed a significantly higher contraction of height than the others (p<0.05). In the panel test, T1 showed a significantly higher score in saltiness, flavor, color, appearance and total acceptability (p<0.05). Overall, meat ball products showed considerable differences in chemical composition, cooking loss, Hunter color values, and texture profile due to differences in raw materials, recipes, and weights.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.104-116
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to conduct an empirical survey on consumer perception and consumption behavior in relation to local food and eco-friendly food. The survey was conducted using 266 consumers who have heard about or purchased local foods and eco-friendly foods centering on Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS (Version 23.0) to generate descriptive statistical values such as frequency and percentage and implement a Chi-square test. The results showed that consumers purchased local food in large shopping malls, supermarkets, and local food stores, whereas eco-friendly food were usually bought in large shopping malls, supermarkets, and eco-friendly food specialty stores. For local food, consumers bought fruits the most, followed by vegetables, whereas for eco-friendly food, consumers purchased vegetables the most, followed by fruits. The top reason for purchasing local food was its "fresh and high quality," whereas the top reason for buying eco-friendly food was "safety from pesticides and additives." According to results of the Chi-square test, women, unmarried people and younger people turned out to have more experiences in purchasing local foods and eco-friendly foods compared to men, married people and older people, respectively. Although local and eco-friendly food were completely different concepts, results of the study show that consumers were not able to make a clear distinction between the two. Consumer education, therefore, should involve defining the two types of food and spreading awareness on local and organic food to help them made the right choices when buying food.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.107-128
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• 2013

When Korea's retail industry was liberalized, new store formats such as large discount stores and Super Supermarket(SSMs) have grown. New types of business have borne significant influence on traditional market. Traditional markets have been in gradual decline since they fail to meet to consumer's purchasing behavior. The South Korean government has been making sustained efforts to revitalize the modernization of traditional markets since 2004. This research is conducted to analyze how changes in the distribution of different types of distributors influence the consumer's purchasing behaviors depending on the changes in the market environment. The purpose of this research is to present a policy to invigorate consumer-oriented traditional markets by analyzing the consumption behavior among major retail channels at a point when competition among retail channels is becoming intensified. In order to examine the effect of the spatial competitive landscape among major retail channels on consumption behavior, an empirical analysis was conducted with 613 consumers in 6 cities nationwide, using the multiple regression model. This research identified three main areas of factors. The analysis result indicates that the physical factor (time required to go to the traditional market), socioeconomic factors (the number of vehicles owned and average monthly income), and competitive factors (intensity of competition in spatial locations and average monthly spending in supermarkets) have significant influence on consumption patterns of consumers. The findings present that the Korean government should go ahead with policies aimed to revitalize traditional markets, keeping in mind the factors that influence the consumption patterns of customers based on these results. We propose that the policy supporting traditional markets need to be a customized-strategy, considering traditional market's characteristic.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.395-413
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• 2023

This research studied the effect of customer experience characteristics in offline home appliance stores on perceived value and revisit intention. Among the offline distribution of home appliances with more than 100 stores nationwide, two home appliance retailers (HiMart, E-Land), three hypermarkets (E-Mart, Homeplus, Lotte Hi-Mart), and two home appliance stores (LG Best Shop, Samsung Digital Plaza) were selected, and a survey was conducted on men and women in their 20s or older in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Incheon who had visited and purchased the home appliance store within the last 6 months. As a result of the survey, a statistical analysis was conducted on a total of 330 samples using the PLS (Partial Least Squares) structural equation model and SPSS statistical package. Through this study, the following research results can be obtained. First, educational experience, deviant experience, and aesthetic experience had a positive (+) effect on the functional value. However, entertainment experience did not affect functional value. Second, educational experience, deviant experience, and aesthetic experience all had a positive (+) effect on emotional value. Third, both functional and sensory values had a positive (+) effect on the revisit intention. Fourth, it was confirmed that brand loyalty had no moderating effect between functional value and sensory value revisit intention. The results of this study show the structural relationship between customer experience characteristics, perceived value (functional value, sensory value), and revisit intention. This result provides guidelines on what activities home appliance offline stores should do at a time when online channels threaten the survival of offline channels.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

As the consumption of environmentally friendly agricultural products increases, food safety is at the forefront of public health concerns. We analyzed the biological hazards of 26 species of leaf vegetables and 4 species of fruit according to types of cultivation (conventional or organic filming) and distribution system (giant retailers or organic food stores) using various culture media, automatic bacterial identification systems, and microscopy, Total bacterial count of unwashed agricultural product ranged from $5.2{\times}10^{3}\;to\;1.5{\times}10^{5}\;CFU/mL$ (from 0.1 g of agricultural products), and the average count dropped 25-fold (range, 8-60-fold) after water washing. Microbial levels of washed organic agricultural products were $6.0{\times}10^{2}-1.9{\times}10^{4}\;CFU/mL$, and were not significantly different f개m the microbial loads on conventionally farmed produce. There was no significant difference in bacterial count from agricultural produce purchased from giant retailers or organic food stores. Total microbial count of Chinese cabbage, welsh onion, red chicory and kale were comparatively high, and Enterobacter cloacae was isolated most frequently. Parasites were detected in agricultural products purchased from conventional farm products in the stores of giant retailers, and in organic food stores, and parasite prevalence was especially high in Chinese cabbages and welsh onion. The study indicated that cultivation methods and distribution systems did not cause significant differences in biological contamination levels of agricultural produce. Some vegetables and fruits were highly contaminated effective sanitizing methods to reduce these biological hazards are needed.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

The Korean distribution industry is gearing up for an endless competition. Greeting low growth era, less competitive parties will be challanged seriously for their survival. But for large discount stores, they have shown steady annual growth for years. However, because of the saturation for numbers of stores, the difficulty of gaining new sites, and the changes in the consumer's consumption behavior caused by the recession, now they are seeking for a new customers-based business formats. Accordingly, a large corporate comopanies made supermarkets which are belonged to affiliated companies of large corporate comopanies. They based on the strong buying power, focused on SSM(Super Super Market) ave been aggressively develop nationwide multi-stores. The point is that these stores are threatening at small and medium-sized, community-based private supermarkets. Private supermarkets and retailers, who are using existing old operation systems and their dilapidated facilities, are losing a competitive edge in business. Recent the social effects of large series of corporate supermarkets for traditional markets has been very controversial, and commercial media, academia, and industry associated with it have been held many seminars and public hearings. This may slow down the speed in accordance with the regulations, but will not be the crucial alternative. The reason for this recent surge of enterprise-class SSM up, one of the reasons is a stagnation in their offline discount mart, so they are finding new growth areas. Already in the form of large supermarkets across the country got most of the geographical centre point and is saturated with stages. Targeting small businesses that do not cover discount Mart, in order to expand business in the form of SSM is urgent. By contrast, private supermarkets are going to lose their competitiveness. The vulnerability of individual supermarkets, one of the vulnerabilities is price which economies of scale can not be realized so they are purchasing a small amount of products and difficult to get a quantity discount. The lack of organization and collaboration, and education which is not practical, caused the absencer of service-oriented situations. As a first solution, making specialty shops which are handling agricultures, fruits and vegetables and manufactured goods is recommended. Second, private supermarkets franchisees join the organization for the organization and collaboration is recomaned. It can be meet the scale of economy and can be formed a alternative business formats to a government. Third, the education is needed as a good service will get consumer's awareness. In addition, a psychological stores operating is also one way to stimulate consumer sentiment as SSM can't operate. Japan already has a better conditions of their lives through small chain expression. This study includes the vulnerabilities of private supermarkets, and suggests a competitiveness reinforcement strategies.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.83-91
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify whether the operation of cultural centers in discount stores contributes to their profitability. Thus, this study is aimed at exploring how the lifestyles of customers who use the cultural centers influence their intention to use the discount stores. Specifically, the effect of shopping value on the correlation between the lifestyle types and usage intention of the customers were examined through a structured research model. To verify the effect, a survey on 139 customers of the Cultural Center of Nonghyup Hanaro Club's S branch was conducted and the valid questionnaires were used for analysis. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings are as follows. First, the lifestyles seeking self-realization had a positive effect on utilitarian value, and lifestyles seeking pop cultures had a positive effect on hedonic value. Second, the mediating effect of shopping value on the correlation between the lifestyle types and usage intention of the customers is as follows. Utilitarian value had a mediating effect only on the lifestyles seeking self-realization. In case of lifestyles seeking pop cultures, the use of Cultural Center had no effect on the intention to use the discount store. Third, an analysis of a revised research model revealed that the store usage intention of lifestyles seeking pop cultures can be enhanced by boosting the utilitarian value through hedonic value. Results - The findings suggest the following. Customers with lifestyles seeking self-realization, who value what is beneficial to them with little attention to the perceptions of others, are highly interested in the benefits they can gain from shopping. As for customers with lifestyles seeking pop cultures, they are highly likely to consume products popular in a particular culture such as new products and sports, based on financial stability they pursue. Thus, they prefer more subjective, personal experience, unlike consumers pursuing utilitarian value. Conclusions - As a result, the former pursues hedonic value gained in the process of shopping with fun and joy, rather than doing shopping with a particular purpose in mind. Therefore, Cultural Centers need to offer information that fits the lifestyles of the users so that they are more likely to use the discount stores. However, if the Cultural Centers offer unified, profit-driven products and information, just to increase their store sales, it can backfire, which occurred in the past. On the other hand, if they provide information that fits the lifestyles of the users, it can actually increase the sales. Also, the findings suggest that sophisticated marketing strategies that can boost the hedonic value of customers by linking the educational contents of Cultural Centers to actual shopping, which is beneficial to consumers, should be set and operated by discount stores. In particular, customers with lifestyles seeking self-realization can be encouraged to use the stores by making them recognize the utilitarian value. However, the use of Cultural Centers doesn't necessarily lead to higher sales among customers with lifestyles seeking pop cultures. As mentioned previously, unified marketing strategy is not as effective for Cultural Centers of large discount stores.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2000

Trade areas of the commercial centers in Chongiu City are rapidly changing as the urban spacial structure is transformed, consumer behaviors are changed and large shopping stores are located in the area. The City's CBD has been in the Sung-an-gil district. The trade areas of the CBD have expanded along the major roads in the directions of north, south and west from the Sang-dang park. Especially, two newly formed secondary commercial centers are noticeable: one is the center around the express bus terminal in Gagyong-dong, and the other is formed in the Yongam, Bunpyong and Sannam district. As such changes are intensified, small retailers in the traditional markets that are mainly concentrated in the Yukgerri market place have faced hardship in business and management. The commercial hardship has been hastened up by openings of large discount stores and expanding tendency of internet shopping businesses. Acknowledging the changes in the business environment of traditional markets, this paper attempts to suggest policies to gentrificate the declining market areas in the CBD. The suggested polices are differentiated according to the types of traditional markets, stores. and merchants. And also suggestion is provided regarding amendments of the City's codes.