• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.869-877
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an automated segmentation method of femoral cartilage in knee MR images using multi-atlas-based locally-weighted voting. The proposed method involves two steps. First, to utilize the shape information to show that the femoral cartilage is attached to a femur, the femur is segmented via volume and object-based locally-weighted voting and narrow-band region growing. Second, the object-based affine transformation of the femur is applied to the registration of femoral cartilage, and the femoral cartilage is segmented via multi-atlas shape-based locally-weighted voting. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compared the segmentation results of majority voting method, intensity-based locally-weighted voting method, and the proposed method with manual segmentation results defined by expert. In our experimental results, the newly proposed method avoids a leakage into the neighboring regions having similar intensity of femoral cartilage, and shows improved segmentation accuracy.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.40
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• pp.30-70
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• 1994

지구의 중력작용에 대하여 수평으로 이동, 운동하는 걷기는 신체중에서도 하지장의 골격과 근육에 가장 큰 관계를 갖는다. 하지장의 골격으로는 하지대의 관골, 대퇴골의 대퇴골과 슬개골, 하퇴골의 경골과 비골, 그리고 발 부분이 되는 족골은 족근골. 증족골, 족지골의 세부분으로 총 62개의 골로 구성되며 관절은 고관절. 슬관절. 족관절이 있어 굴신, 신전, 회선, 내전, 의전과 같은 운동을 한다.(중략)

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2019

In this study, we modified CT images of femoral head in consideration of anatomically meaningful structure, proposing the method to augment the training data of convolution Neural network for segmentation of femur mesh model. First, the femur mesh model is obtained from the CT image. Then divide the mesh model into meaningful parts by using cluster analysis on geometric characteristic of mesh surface. Finally, transform the segments by using an appropriate mesh deformation algorithm, then create new CT images by warping CT images accordingly. Deep learning models using the data enhancement methods of this study show better image division performance compared to data augmentation methods which have been commonly used, such as geometric conversion or color conversion.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.323-324
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 2차원 X-ray 영상을 이용하여 3차원 영상을 얻기 위한 전처리 과정으로 2차원 X-ray 영상에서 원하는 뼈 영상을 분할하기 위한 능동적 대퇴골 분할 기법에 대해 제안하고 구현하였다. X-ray 영상의 주된 화질 저하 요인인 잡음을 제거하고 에지 및 밝기 검출을 통하여 정확하고 빠른 뼈 영상 분할 기법을 구현하였고 대퇴골 영상을 통해 검증하였다. 이를 통해 최소한의 2차원 X-ray 영상을 이용하여 3차원 뼈 모델링을 구현하는데 필요한 뼈 영상을 획득하였다.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2010

Purpose: The skeleton is commonly affected by metastatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of treating metastatic pathologic fractures in lower extremities using locking plates. Materials and Methods: Between 2004 and 2010, we evaluated 12 patients (13 cases) of metastatic pathologic fractures in lower extremities, treated with the locking plate. Mean patient age was 62.2 years (range, 50-81 years), the locations of the fractures were; proximal femur in 2 cases, femoral mid-shaft in 3, distal femur in 3, proximal tibia in 4, and distal tibia in 1 case. The interval to wheelchair ambulation, pain relief and complications were evaluated. Additionally, we assessed operation time and postoperative blood loss. Results: Mean time from operation to wheelchair ambulation was 3.2 days (range, 1-6 days). Mean VAS scores improved from a preoperative score of 8.1 points (range, 7-9 points) to a score of 2.7 points (range, 2-4 points) at 1 week postoperatively. No early complications associated with surgery were encountered. Mean operation time was 88.4 minutes (range, 70-105 minutes), and mean postoperative blood loss was 246.5 ml (range, 130-320 ml). Conclusion: Internal fixation of metastatic pathologic fractures using a locking plate in the lower extremity can be an effective treatment option in the meta- or diaphyseal area of long bones with massive bony destruction or poor bone stock by offering early ambulation, pain relief and low postoperative complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2005

This study has investigated the bioavailability of calcium in eggshell powder (ESP) fortified ramen. Wean-ling SD rats were maintained for 2 weeks on 0.05$\%$ low calcium diet then assigned randomly to one of 5 groups. Animals were provided for 4 weeks one of 3 different experimental diets containing 0.15$\%$ calcium as $CaCo_{3}$, NFDM, or ESP fortified ramen. Two control groups were fed either 0.05$\%$ calcium or general ramen containing 0.08$\%$ calcium. The body weight, diet intake, food efficiency ratio (FER), bone growth, calcium contents of bones, and apparent absorption were measured. Experimental results show that regardless of calcium sources 0.15$\%$ calcium groups increased body weight, weight and length, calcium content, and the strength of two bones (tibia and femur) significantly compared to 0.05$\%$ calcium group. The apparent absorption rate of calcium also showed similar results supporting the bioavailability of ESP fortified ramen is not inferior to either NFDM or $CaCO_{3}cdot$ The results indicate that ESP fortified ramen is a proper mediate for calcium fortification in Korea.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 1998

This study has been performed to evaluate the relationship between the remained mineral components in a decalcified bone matrix and an ectopic bone formation efficiency. The freezed rat diaphyseal cortical bones measuring 0.5cm in length were demineralized in heated 0.6N HCl at $60^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 minutes, respectively, using a controlled heat ultrasonic cleaner. Each 1cc of decalcifying solution taken during decalcification procedure was used to calculate calcium content using calcium dignostics kit under 600nm of spectrophotomer. After decalcification, each specimen was also weighed. Then each prepared specimen was implanted into the dorsal pouch of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 8 groups by time course. The implants were harvested at 1, 2, and 3 weeks and prepared for routine H-E stain specimens to evaluate osteogenic activity. The results are as follows: 1. There was statistical significant difference in change of calcium concentration up to demineralization of 30 minutes and each allogenic bones decalcifed up to 20 minutes revealed 99.65% of decalcification in average. 2. There was statistical significant difference in change of weight in demineralized allogenic bone up to 20 minutes treatment but, no significant change was noted after that time. 3. The histologic analysis revealed active ectopic bone formation in the implanted allografts demineralized for 20, 25, 30 minutes, respectively. However, the other groups of allografts showed relatively poor osteoinductive activity. These findings suggest that complete decalcification with a minimized degeneration of collagen matrix is necessary to induce maximal osteogenesis by decalcified bone allograft.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.665-672
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• 2011

We evaluated the effects of organic Ca supplements chelated with milk protein (CaMP) in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. Eight week-old Sprague-Dawley female rats were ovariectomized and fed a low $CaCO_3$ diet (0.1%) for 4 weeks to create an osteoporotic model. At that point, L4-$CaCO_3$ rats were sacrificed and the rest of the rats were divided into 4 groups, each of which was fed an experimental diet for 4 weeks: low-$CaCO_3$ (0.1%; L8-$CaCO_3$) and CaMP at 3 Ca levels: low (0.1%; L8-CaMP), normal (0.5%; N8-CaMP), and high (1.5%; H8-CaMP). Daily weight gain, serum ALP, weight and breaking force of femurs, Ca content of the lumbar, and Ca absorption were measured. Daily weight gain increased in the N8-CaMP and H8-CaMP groups compared to the low Ca groups. The ALP activity in the CaMP-fed rats was significantly lower than in the $CaCO_3$-fed rats. Both breaking force and femur weight were higher in the N8-CaMP and H8-CaMP groups compared to the L8-$CaCO_3$ group. Ca content of the lumbar increased dose-dependently with Ca intake levels of CaMP. Ca absorption rates of the CaMP-fed rats increased more than that of the rats fed low Ca levels of $CaCO_3$. These results demonstrate that the CaMP supplement had positive effects on bone metabolism and Ca bioavailability in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats. Therefore, CaMP may be recommended as a useful Ca supplement to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 1995

In countries where confucianism is popular, it is extremely hard to get fresh cadaver bone for allograft. Therefore in Korea, the reimplantation of resected autoclaved autogenous bone segments has been increasingly performed for limb reconstruction of extremities with malignancies. To preserve the bone morphogenetic protein and mechanical strength of heated bone, many studies have reported that pasteurization of bone is far better than autoclaving over $100^{\circ}C$. Based on this assumption, replacement with a pasteurized autogenous bone graft after resection of a malignant bone tumor was deemed feasible for reconstruction. However, little is known about how high a temperature and how much time for pasteurization is needed to make tumors completely necrotic and to maintain the mechanical strength of bone. Consequantly, experimental studies were carried out to test heat conductivity of human bone and torsional strength of porcine tibia after pasteurization. First, two pairs of human proximal tibia and distal femur were used. We used T-type thermocoples to check core temperature of the bone and a computerized data acquisition system to record results. Without reaming of the medullary cavity, in a $60^{\circ}C$-thermostatic saline tub, it took 32 minutes and 50 seconds to raise the core temperature of human proximal tibia from $20^{\circ}C$ to $58^{\circ}C$, and 30 minutes for distal femur. In a $80^{\circ}C$ saline tub, it took 12 minutes and 50 seconds for proximal tibia, and 11 minutes and 10 seconds for distal femur. In contrast, using porcine tibia whose cortical thickness is similar to that of human tibia, after reaming of the medullary canal, it took less than 3 minutes and 30 seconds in a $60^{\circ}C$ saline tub, less than 1 minute and 45 seconds in a $70^{\circ}C$ tub, and less than 1 minute in a $80^{\circ}C$ tub to elevate core temperature from $20^{\circ}C$ to $58^{\circ}C$. Second, based on data of the heat conductivity test, we compared the torsional strength before and after pasteurization. Twenty matched pairs of porcine tibia were used, The left one was used as a non-heated control group and the right one as a pasteurized experimental group. Wighout reaming of the medullary cavity, there was no statistical difference in torsional strength between the pasteurization of the $60^{\circ}C$-35minute and of $80^{\circ}C$-15minute. With reaming, we also found no statistical difference among pasteurization of $60^{\circ}C$-15 minute, of $70^{\circ}C$-15 minute, and of $80^{\circ}C$-15 minute groups. In conclusion, reaming of the medullary canal is very helpful in saving pasteurization time. And, in a $60^{\circ}C$ saline tub, no significant weakness in torsional strength occurs with pasteurization of the bone for up to 35 minutes. Also no significant weakness in torsional strength occurs with an exposure of 15 minutes to the $80^{\circ}C$ saline tub.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.853-859
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of egg shell calcium salt types and egg shell membrane on calcium metabolism in rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats, 4 weeks of age, were fed on free-calcium diets for 2 weeks after adjustment period. Rats weighing approximately $247{\pm}2.3g$ were divided into 6 groups and were fed on the experimental diets containing 0.2% calcium for 4 weeks. Experimental groups were as follows; {ES(M+)} (egg shell powder diet with egg shell membrane), {ES(M-)} (egg shell powder diet without egg shell membrane), {AC(M+)} (egg shell calcium acetate diet with egg shell membrance), {AC(M-)} (egg shell calcium acetate diet without eg shell membrane), {GC(M+)} (egg shell calcium glucuronate diet with egg shell membrane) and {GC(M-)} (egg shell calcium glucuronate diet without egg shell membrane). Bone length of femur was significantly different by the types (p<0.05) of egg shell calcium salts. Bone mineral density of femur showed the highest level in AC(M-) group. Calcium content of femur and calcium absorption rate were higher in egg shell calcium salt groups than in eg shell powder groups. Calcium absorption rate and retention were significantly different (p<0.05) among the types of eg shell calcium salts and were higher in the AC(M-) group than in the other groups. Alkaline phosphatase activity, parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin levels of serum showed no significant difference among the experimental groups. From the above results, it is concluded that bioavailability of calcium is higher in groups of egg shell calcium salts compared to those in egg shell powder, even though egg shell membrane has no effect on calcium metabolism. Thus, these findings suggest the possibility of using egg shell calcium salts as a functional food material related to calcium metabolism.