• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.77-87
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a study applying the Delphi technique to domestic blockchain experts to determine urgent and pivotal conditions for NFT proliferation. We examine these conditions from a PEST (Political, Economic, Social, and Technological Analysis of the Macro Environment) perspective, as well as the functions of digital assets (measurement, storage, and exchange). Through two rounds of expert surveys on the seven NFT perspectives, we identify 6 activating factors that can help guide future policy-making for the NFT market. These factors have broad implications for the development of new industries using blockchain technology and tokens. The Delphi method employed in this study is a group discussion technique that gathers opinions from experts anonymously through two rounds and to address drawbacks related to expert selection bias and opinion alignment, additional opinion collection and review of projections were conducted in each round.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.135-149
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• 2020

Artificial intelligences are changing world. Financial market is also not an exception. Robo-Advisor is actively being developed, making up the weakness of traditional asset allocation methods and replacing the parts that are difficult for the traditional methods. It makes automated investment decisions with artificial intelligence algorithms and is used with various asset allocation models such as mean-variance model, Black-Litterman model and risk parity model. Risk parity model is a typical risk-based asset allocation model which is focused on the volatility of assets. It avoids investment risk structurally. So it has stability in the management of large size fund and it has been widely used in financial field. XGBoost model is a parallel tree-boosting method. It is an optimized gradient boosting model designed to be highly efficient and flexible. It not only makes billions of examples in limited memory environments but is also very fast to learn compared to traditional boosting methods. It is frequently used in various fields of data analysis and has a lot of advantages. So in this study, we propose a new asset allocation model that combines risk parity model and XGBoost machine learning model. This model uses XGBoost to predict the risk of assets and applies the predictive risk to the process of covariance estimation. There are estimated errors between the estimation period and the actual investment period because the optimized asset allocation model estimates the proportion of investments based on historical data. these estimated errors adversely affect the optimized portfolio performance. This study aims to improve the stability and portfolio performance of the model by predicting the volatility of the next investment period and reducing estimated errors of optimized asset allocation model. As a result, it narrows the gap between theory and practice and proposes a more advanced asset allocation model. In this study, we used the Korean stock market price data for a total of 17 years from 2003 to 2019 for the empirical test of the suggested model. The data sets are specifically composed of energy, finance, IT, industrial, material, telecommunication, utility, consumer, health care and staple sectors. We accumulated the value of prediction using moving-window method by 1,000 in-sample and 20 out-of-sample, so we produced a total of 154 rebalancing back-testing results. We analyzed portfolio performance in terms of cumulative rate of return and got a lot of sample data because of long period results. Comparing with traditional risk parity model, this experiment recorded improvements in both cumulative yield and reduction of estimated errors. The total cumulative return is 45.748%, about 5% higher than that of risk parity model and also the estimated errors are reduced in 9 out of 10 industry sectors. The reduction of estimated errors increases stability of the model and makes it easy to apply in practical investment. The results of the experiment showed improvement of portfolio performance by reducing the estimated errors of the optimized asset allocation model. Many financial models and asset allocation models are limited in practical investment because of the most fundamental question of whether the past characteristics of assets will continue into the future in the changing financial market. However, this study not only takes advantage of traditional asset allocation models, but also supplements the limitations of traditional methods and increases stability by predicting the risks of assets with the latest algorithm. There are various studies on parametric estimation methods to reduce the estimated errors in the portfolio optimization. We also suggested a new method to reduce estimated errors in optimized asset allocation model using machine learning. So this study is meaningful in that it proposes an advanced artificial intelligence asset allocation model for the fast-developing financial markets.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.369-392
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• 2009

Recently international movements of labour as well as those of goods and other production elements such as capitals and technology have been increased rapidly under the process of glocalization. The huge amount of immigrant workers' in-flows makes increasing influences on regional economy in South Korea. This paper examines such impacts of immigrant workers on local labor markets, productivity. and industrial composition and innovation on the basis of analysis of empirical data and review of existing literature on the subject. Despite a problem of simplification, some reasoning can be listed as follows: First of all, the inflow of immigrant workers has an effect of job displacement among domestic simple workers, with duel effects on the status of native workers; secondly, Immigrant workers give a positive effect on local productivity, but only with low level of wage and of purchasing power; thirdly, the in-flow of immigrant workers seems to prevent existing industries from transformation towards new ones and/or from automation and innovation of production facilities, while there seems no clear relationship with foreign direct investments of local firms.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2010

일반적으로 기술융합이라는 용어는 IT, BT, NT 등 성격이 다른 큰 범주에서 기술간의 결합으로 인식되고 있다. 현재까지의 기술융합 연구들은 IT기술을 중심으로 한 융합과 관련 국가 정책에 관한 것이 대부분을 차지하고 있어 큰 기술 범주 위주에 국한되어 있다. 하지만 동일한 목적을 위해 수행하는 유사 기술영영에서의 기술융합 역시 기술혁신의 수단으로 간과할 수 없는 영역이다. 실제로 미국, 유럽 등의 선진국에서는 기술융합 전담기관을 신설하여 프로젝트 내의 기술간 융합에 관심을 갖고 있지만, 국내에서는 프로젝트 범위의 기술융합 가능성 및 실효성에 대한 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지식경제부에서 수행하는 가스하이드레이트 연구개발사업을 실증사례로 하여 프로젝트 범위의 기술 융합에 관하여 기술융합의 필요성, 적용가능성, 실효성에 초점을 맞추어 고찰하였다. 가스하이드레이트 개발 사업은 지식경제부 내 가스하이드레이트 개발사업단 주관으로 2005년에 시작되었으며 2014년까지 I 지역 탐사 및 시추, II 지역 탐사 및 시추, 시험생산의 3단계의 달성목표를 가지고 있다. 가스하이드레이트는 천연가스가 저온 고압 상태에서 물과 결합해 형성된 고체 에너지로 화석연료 고갈에 따라 이를 대체할 가장 유력한 청정에너지원으로 주목받고 있다. 현재 가스하이드레이트 개발사업단에서는 지구물리탐사분야 지질지화학분야 개발생산분야로 세부 기술모듈을 형성하여 목표달성을 위해 노력하고 있지만, 중과제간 교류가 부족한 상황으로 인해 목표달성을 위한 기술력의 확보 및 향후 상업생산에 대한 불확실성이 증가하고 있는 상황이다. 이와 같은 상황을 해결하기 위해서 기술개발 및 혁신의 수단인 기술융합의 필요성이 증가하고 있다. 기술혁신은 기초연구, 응용연구, 개발, 학습, 투자 등의 일련의 과정을 거쳐 경제적 성과와 사회적 영향을 만들어내는 개념으로 정의 할 수 있다. 기술혁신을 이루어내는 가장 중심적인 역할을 담당하는 기술융합은 2개 이상의 요소기술들이 결합하여 기술이 갖지 않는 새로운 기능을 발휘하는 기술혁신의 한 현상으로 정의할 수 있다. 기술융합은 21세기 초에 접어들어 급속하게 변화하는 양상을 보이며 예상보다 경제에 더 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 가스하이드레이트 각 단계에서의 애로점을 극복하기 위한 기술혁신을 위해 지구물리탐사 지질지화학 개발생산분야간의 융합의 가능성 등을 타진해본 결과, 각 기술융합들을 기술융합 유형에 맞춰 분류할 수 있었으며 유형별 적용가능성과 기대효과 측면에서 비교분석을 수행하였다. 분석의 정밀도를 높이기 위하여 기술융합 유형에 대한 이론과 실제 가스하이드레이트 전문가들과의 설문을 통해 비교분석을 실시하였다. 가스하이드레이트 실증 사례에 대한 분석 결과, 기술융합 이론은 기존의 큰 기술범주뿐만 아니라 작은 범주에도 적용할 수 있으며, 필요성과 적용가능성, 실효성 면에서도 충분한 고찰을 통해 기술융합 이론의 적용 범위를 좁히면 더 많은 연구와 융합기술을 얻을 수 있다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다.

• 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.147-170
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• 2006

Landfill gas is a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide produced by the bacterial decomposition of organic wastes, and it is considered to produce bad smells and pollute the environment. Economic trials and the developments of landfill gas, as an alternative energy resource, become known at the recent years, Resource development of landfill gas, which is managed by Korea up to now, is for the most part generation using gas engine. Medium BTU and High BTU are considered for the power generation as well. Most income of generation using gas engine is selling charge through a power plant. Expecting to manage the power plant for up to 10 years, the analysis based on revenue and expenditure shows when the unit price is 65.2 Won and the operating rate reaches 90%, it is possible to be into the black in 2012 without considering additional financial expense, It was also analyzed that the profit at a unit price of 85 Won under the anticipated rising unit price by the operating rate of 71% is larger than at the operating rate of 90% under limited unit price of 65.2 Won. It means to manage the power plant at a unit price of 65.2 Won and the operating rate must be higher than 90% for economic logicality. If we assume that the operating rate is 90% and it increases the unit price, the unit price must be higher than 85 Won for the management of a power plant. Analysis of changing a unit price, however, might be expected to have a gradual rise of prices. If there is no price rising and additional income related to CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) and emission trading upon Kyoto protocol, the management of a power plant using gas engine will get financial difficulties because of many operating expenses. However, since landfill gas is considered as a worthy energy resource for the guarantee of sustainable development and for the equity between recent generation and future generation, the development of it must be accomplished by the government's additional supporting and efforts under the interest of all stakeholder who are involved.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-177
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• 2006

This paper examines a simultaneous determination of corporate control mechanisms, and its effects on firm performance. The corporate control mechanisms considered include the following; insider shareholding, institutional shareholding, the board of directors, dividend policy, and capital structure. This paper applies a simultaneous equation methodology and investigates the interdependence among the corporate control mechanisms. In the first part, the paper finds that firm-level variations of control mechanisms are large across time although average variations are relatively small. These variations are related to one another, which is confirmed by Granger causality test based on dynamic panel autoregression model. More specifically insider shareholding, institutional shareholding and outside director ratio cause each other. With regard to interdependence among the control mechanisms, 2SLS(two stage least squares) regression results show that insider shareholding and institutional shareholding are substitutes while institutional shareholding acts as complements to the ratio of outside members in the board of directors. Then in the second part, the paper examines the relationship between firm performance and corporate governance. Firm performance, measured by Tobin's Q, has a positive association with leverage ratio while that has a negative relation to outside director ratio. This suggests that there may be a room for reforming corporate governance in Korea. Specifically it is necessary to enhance the independence of the outside directors.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.14-14
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• 2001

현재 제지용 펄프 및 펼프 원료의 국내 자급상태는 매우 낮은 수준이다. 따라서 원료 가격변동과 환율에 따라 수익성은 물론, 원료 수급에도 큰 영향을 받게 된다. 최근 버 진펄프의 가격상승은 재생펄프 사용량과 고지수입량을 더욱 늘리고 있으며, 이들의 사 용에 따른 품질저하 개선노력도 꾸준히 행해지고 있다. 그러나 원가절감과 품질유지라 는 두 마리 토끼를 한꺼번에 잡는 것은 그리 쉬운 일이 아니며 그 효과 또한 점점 미 미해 지고 있는 실정이다. 외국의 경우 이러한 문제점들을 펄프소재면에서 접근하여 해 결하고자 하는 시도가 있었다. 중국은 벗짚펄프를 제지용으로 적용하여 오랜 시행착오 끝에 성공을 거두고 있으며, 남미에서도 수수 등을 이용한 제지용 펼프 개발에 노력과 투자를 아끼지 않고 있다. 이는 제한된 원료의 사용만으로 직면하고 있는 여러 문제점 들을 해결하기가 힘들다는 언식에서 출발한 것이며, 새로운 원료개발 자체가 그 해결방 안으로서 충분한 가치가 있음을 보여준다고 하겠다. 이와 같은 맥락에 따라 국내에서 적용이 가능한 소재를 조사하였으며 우선적으로 신서란을 선택하게 되었다. 신서란은 뉴질랜드가 원산지로 알려져 있으며 오래전부터 제주도에 자생하고 있는 다년생 초본류이다. 수많은 경질섬유(hard fiber)중에서도 경제적으로 재배되는 유일한 작물로 선박용 로프, 그물, 범포 등의 원료로 사용되었으나 현재는 화학섬유로 대체되 어 그 사용이 전무한 실정이다. 선서란은 고강도와 우수한 유연성, 탄력성 및 양호한 광학적 성질을 가지고 있으며 무엇보다 척박한 땅에서도 생장이 왕성하여 재배가 쉽다 는 것이 가장 큰 장점이다. 본 연구는 펄프용 섬유로서 양호한 기본특성을 가진 신서란 을 이용한 펄프를 기존 제지공정에 일정량 투입함으로써 얻고자 하는 종이의 일반물성 개선 및 특수기능 향상에 도움이 되는 제지용 펄프로서의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다.이어서 몇십%의 현을 억제하지는 못한다는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국과 미국 패션제품의 지난 십년간의 가격 과 품질의 상관관계는 매우 약한 정(+)의 상관을 가지고 있었다. 한국패션제품의 전체 서열상관계수의 평균은 0.091이었고, 미국의 상관계수 평균은 0.192였 다. 상관계수의 수치만으로 볼 때 한국보다는 미국 패션제품의 가격과 품질간의 상관관계가 조금 높게 나타났으나, 양국간 통계적인 차이는 없었다. 또한, 한국 패션제품의 경우에는 제품군의 가격대별 상관관계를 살펴보았는데, 그 결과 1만원 미만의 저가 제품군과 330만원이상의 고가의 제품군의 경우 부(-)의 상관계수를 나타냈다. 둘째. 1990년대 한국과 미국 패션시장의 가격과 품질간의 상관계수의 범위는 제품군별. 산업범주별 로 상이한 분포를 보이고 있었다. 패션제품군별로 보 면, 한국의 경우는 가장 높은 '여행용가방(r = 0.707)' 에서 가장 낮은 '자외선 차단화장품(r = -0.58)'까지, 그리고 미국 패션제품군의 상관계수의 범위는 '팬티 스타킹'의 0.820에서 '남성용 런닝슈즈'의 -0.472까지의 분포를 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 제품의 가격과 품질에 대한 정보를 소비자가 알 경우 얻을 수 있는 소비자의 구매이득 을 추산한 결과 패션제품시장에서 완전한 품질정보를 가지고 있다고 가정한 '현명한 사람'은, 최고가격의 제품만을 구입한다고 가정한 '부유한 사람들'의 구입방식에 비해 최고 좋은 품질의 상품을 총 지불액의 비율로 보아, 한국의 소비자는 약 50% 정도를, 미국의 소비자는 약 91%나 되는 액수를 절약하여 구매할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 한국과 미국 모두 제품군별, 그리고 산업범주별로 상관관계가 차이를 보이고 있어, 양국의 소비자들이 패션제품 의 품질을 평가함에 있어 오로지 가격에 대한

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

The governmental investment to SOC facilities currently has increasedthe construction of new roads and the consistent extension of already-existing roads or the line-shape revision of those roads. As a result, the road cut slopes have been increasingrapidly. Unfortunately, human-life damages and property damages frequently occur due to the rockfall and the landslide every year. To reduce those damages, many studies have been performed. The present regulation regarding rockfall protection facilities follows the "Guide for Installation and Management of Road Safety Facilities" issued by MLTM (the Ministry of Land, Transport, and Maritime Affairs) that indicates the standard size of facilities and energy absorbing efficiencies. Most domestic road slopes use standardized rockfall protection facilities based on the regulation. However, there have been doubted about the effectiveness of rockfall protection facilities and the damages caused by rockfalls havebeen increasedevery year. Thus, it seems that relevant studies are necessary on the rockfall protection net being capable of supporting rockfall energies. Accordingly, this study reviews previous literature to investigate the function and the feature of rockfall protection nets and analyzetheir limitations by each type. After that, by using the pullout test device for a rockfall protection net, an experiment on the PVC coating net and the expanded metal is performed under the exact same condition. Finally, the features of the Expended metal is explained with the comparison analysises of load-variation and the confirmation of damaged forms. As a result, there have been founded the problemsof net breaking down and not being able to support due to PVC coating net's material property of disintegration. On the other hand, the Expanded Metal might be expected as a substituteof rockfall protection net according to its capability of support and integration.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.137-146
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• 2015

The aging process in this country is underway at the fastest pace compared to those of the leading countries. On the other hand, preparing for retirement funds is more difficult than before due to the impact of slow interest rate and slow growth. The purpose of this study is to examine the necessity of providing various financial services in preparation for the future aging era. After analizing the various materials and utilizing a survey of the bank employees and the general public, we have found the followings. The replacement rate of this country, 55%, is much lower than the suggested level of World Bank, 75%. Also, the pension ratio in the income after retirement of this country is much lower compared to those of the States and Japan. The most people who participated in the survey needed ￦2,000 - ￦2,990 thousand for monthly living expenses after retirement. For the retirement funds, the higher the age the higher proportion of savings deposits they want, and the lower the age the higher proportion of insurance and pension products they want. Based on these analyses, the necessities of developing financial life planning which includes both financial and non-financial sides, retirement funds management according to age, revitalization of housing pension and developing diverse retirement funds are suggested.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2016

According to the order receipt report over the past 10 years the overseas construction business total trades were 54.05% and 68.09% done by the Middle East and other industrial facilities respectively. In the Middle East based on data collected in 2014 the country with most overseas construction business is Saudi Arabia with 34.10%, and the industrial facility occupies the larger share with 56%. Overseas construction business is suffering from a reduction in work orders in the Middle East because of the recent oil price reduction. At this point of view, it is necessary to consider economy fluctuation for the diversification of construction type and work orders. This study analyzed, focusing in Saudi Arabia how the economical fluctuations of nations of progress can affect overseas construction business' trade orders. The analysis results demonstrated that most construction types depends on GDP, investment fund. Also industrial facility can be substituted with Architecture and civil engineering. This work is expected to be used as a basis for trade order amount maintenance and construction type diversification.