• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.53
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• pp.29-52
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore the influence exerted by integration of newsroom upon creation, organization, and operation of news, efficiency during the process of creating news, and the qualitative level of journalism. This study has also utilized a quantitative and qualitative survey method that compares the results of survey on perception of media personnel with the results of case studies. The survey on perception is based on a questionnaire survey separately conducted on changes to organizational operation after integration among executives of top 170 newspapers in USA selected based on circulation. The details of survey include the influence of 1) Change in the system of news coverage and reporting, 2) Qualitative change to journalism, and 3) The differing backgrounds of constituent members upon operation of the integrated newsroom. Moreover, to find out whether the quantitative index shown by the perception survey is actually reflected on the media which operates an integrated newsroom, this study has conducted an in depth interview with related personnel of New York Times and Media General in USA, TMG of UK, Nordjyske of Denmark, and CBS in Korea and also engaged in literature survey. The results of the surveys are as follows. First, this study found that unlike the assertions of many earlier studies, integration of the newsroom generally exerts positive influence upon the organizational operation of a media corporation. Second, after integration, inefficiency of the past for the organization in general including coverage and reporting system, communication within and outside the organization, output of journalists, etc. decreased, and synergistic effect was created. Third, integration of the newsroom generally exercised positive influence upon enhancing the qualitative level of journalism. Fourth, while the current personnel of media generally offered positive assessment of integrating constituent members of differing backgrounds as one newsroom, the case study also showed that there are many negative aspects to it.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-107
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• 2005

Land Remote Sensing' is defined as the science (and to some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. Narrowly speaking, this is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information. Remote sensing technology was initially developed with certain purposes in mind ie. military and environmental observation. However, after 1970s, as these high-technologies were taught to private industries, remote sensing began to be more commercialized. Recently, we are witnessing a 0.61-meter high-resolution satellite image on a free market. While privatization of land remote sensing has enabled one to use this information for disaster prevention, map creation, resource exploration and more, it can also create serious threat to a sensed nation's national security, if such high resolution images fall into a hostile group ie. terrorists. The United States, a leading nation for land remote sensing technology, has been preparing and developing legislative control measures against the remote sensing industry, and has successfully created various policies to do so. Through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's authority under the Land Remote Sensing Policy Act, the US can restrict sensing and recording of resolution of 0.5 meter or better, and prohibit distributing/circulating any images for the first 24 hours. In 1994, Presidential Decision Directive 23 ordered a 'Shutter Control' policy that details heightened level of restriction from sensing to commercializing such sensitive data. The Directive 23 was even more strengthened in 2003 when the Congress passed US Commercial Remote Sensing Policy. These policies allow Secretary of Defense and Secretary of State to set up guidelines in authorizing land remote sensing, and to limit sensing and distributing satellite images in the name of the national security - US government can use the civilian remote sensing systems when needed for the national security purpose. The fact that the world's leading aerospace technology country acknowledged the magnitude of land remote sensing in the context of national security, and it has made and is making much effort to create necessary legislative measures to control the powerful technology gives much suggestions to our divided Korean peninsula. We, too, must continue working on the Korea National Space Development Act and laws to develop the necessary policies to ensure not only the development of space industry, but also to ensure the national security.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2001

Purpose: The C-14 urea breath test (C-14 UBT) is the most specific noninvasive method to detect Helicobacter (H) pylori infection. We investigated if the C-14 UBT can reflect the presence and degree of H. pylori detected by gastroduodenoscopic biopsies (GBx). Materials and methods: One hundred fifty patients (M:F=83:67, age $48.6{\pm}11.2$ yrs) underwent C-14 UBT, rapid urease test (CLO test) and GBx on the same day. For the C-14 UBT, a single breath sample was collected at 10 minutes after ingestion of C-14 urea (137 KBq) capsule and counting was done in a liquid scintillation counter for 1 minute, and the results were classified as positive (${\geq}200dpm$), Intermediate ($50{\sim}199dpm$) or negative (<50 dpm). The results of CLO tests were classified as positive or negative according to color change. The results of GBx on giemsa stain were graded 0 (normal) to 4 (diffuse) according to the distribution of H. pylori by the Wyatt method. We compared C-14 UBT results with GBx grade as a gold standard. Results: In the assessment of the presence of H. pylori infection, the C-14 UBT global performance yielded sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of 92.5%, 88.4%, 97.1%, 88.4% and 91.3%, respectively. However, the CLO test had sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of 83.2%, 81.4%, 91.8%, 81.4% and 82.7%, respectively. The quantitative values of the C-14 UBT were $45{\pm}27$ dpm in grade 0, $707{\pm}584dpm$ in grade 1, $1558{\pm}584dpm$ in grade 2, $1851{\pm}604dpm$ in grade 3, and $2719{\pm}892dpm$ in grade 4. A significant correlation (r=0.848, p<0.01) was found between C-14 UBT and the grade of distribution of H. pylori infection on GBx with giemsa stain. Conclusion: We conclude that the C-14 UBT is a highly accurate, simple and noninvasive method for the diagnosis of ongoing H. pylori infection and reflects the degree of bacterial distribution.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.492-504
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• 2014

Feral pigeon (Columba livia) has been known as a good indicator for accumulations of chemical pollutants in urban areas. However, it is against the animal rights to kill the indicator species in order to monitor pollutants accumulations in wild birds. Eggs and feathers of birds, therefore, have been used as non-invasive monitoring materials. Even though eggs are a good indicator for accumulations of lipophilic pollutants, but unsuitable for some heavy metals such as lead and cadmium because bird's ovary builds a sort of barrier to inhibit higher accumulations of some heavy metals in the eggs. Therefore, feathers instead of eggs have been used as a non-invasive indicator for accumulations of heavy metals. However, there are few studies of heavy metal accumulations of feral pigeon in Korea. In this study, we characterized the characteristics of heavy metal accumulations of feathers in relation to internal organs (bloods, viscera and bones) in feral pigeons between two sites (Hangang Park representing urban area and Hampyeong Park for rural area). The samples from the Hangang Park showed significantly higher lead (Pb) concentrations in the blood, liver and bone than those from Hampyeong Park. The Pb concentration in the feathers was also significantly higher at Hangang Park than at Hampyeong Park. The analytical result for the breast, wing and tail feathers, and the internal organs (blood, lung, liver, kidney and bone) indicated that the Pb concentrations in the feathers were significantly positively correlated with the levels in the kidney and bone. Overall, feathers of feral pigeon may be candidate for bioindicator to monitor for Pb accumulations in urban areas.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

The purpose of this work was to examine the effect of peptide on blood pressure and serum lipid concentration of spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR). This peptide was extracted from beef muscle hydrolysates and identified as hexapeptide, V-L-A-Q-Y-K. This peptide showed angiotensin converting enzymc(ACE) inhibition activity in vitro experimentation$(IC_50: I38.34{\mu}\ell$/ml). Diets containing 0.2g. 0.5g. and 1.0g of the peptide per kg body weight were fed to SHR every day for 8 weeks while the control group was ted on a diet and lml of drinking water instead of the peptide. Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations of the treatment groups were lower than those of the control diet feeding group. The significant suppression of systolic blood pressure was shown by increasing the concentration of peptide supplement. especially by 3 weeks of feeding. although it started fluctuating later. These results suggest that the peptide may beneficially affect blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rat by the 3-week administration.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic acid mixture on growth performance, cecal microflora, blood characteristics and immune response in broiler chicks and to prove the possibility of organic acid mixture as an alternative to antibiotics growth promotor. A total of four hundred eighty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross$\times$Ross 308) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments were NC (free antibiotics), PC (basal diet with virginiamycin 10 ppm and salinomycin 60 ppm), 0.3% organic acid, and 0.5% organic acid. The final body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher in organic acid 0.5% than NC (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in all treated groups were significantly improved as compared to that of NC (P<0.05). The carcass rate and relative organs weight were not significantly difference among the groups. The relative weight and length of small intestine in PC were significantly decreased than the other groups. The numbers of cecal coliform bacteria and Salmonella in all treated groups were significantly lower than NC (P<0.05). The number of cecal lactic acid bacteria was not different among the groups. No significant differences among the groups were observed in the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood serum. The contents of total protein and globulin in blood serum of PC and organic acid treated groups were significantly increased as compared to those of NC (P<0.05). Therefore, albumin:globulin ratio of PC and organic acid treated groups was significantly lower than NC (P<0.05). The total white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, lymphocyte, and stress indicator (heterophil:lymphocyte ratio) were not significantly different among the groups. No significant difference was observed on the expression rate of splenic cytokines mRNA in organic acid treated groups compared to the control. Consequently, supplemental organic acid mixture improved the growth performance, and influenced positive effects on the intestinal microflora by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria without any adverse effects on relative weights of organs and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.324-332
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• 2014

In order to reveal the long-term variations of water quality in Jinhae Bay, water qualities had been monitored at 9 survey stations of Jinhae Bay during 2000~2012. The surface and bottom waters concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and chlorophyll-a (Chl.-a) were higher at the survey stations of Masan Bay than the stations of other Bays. Especially, station 1 which is located at the inner area of Masan Bay had the highest values in the concentrations of COD, DIN, and Chl.-a because there were terrestrial pollutant sources near the station 1 and sea current had not well circulated in the inner area of Masan Bay. In factor analysis, the station 1 also had the highest factor values related to factors which increase organic matters and nutrients in surface and bottom waters of Masan Bay. However, the stations (st.5, st.6, st.7, st.8, and st.9) of other Bays had lower values of the factors. In time series analysis, the COD concentrations of the bottom waters at 8 stations except for station 1 distinctly decreased. However, the COD concentrations of the surface waters showed no distinct decrease trends at all stations. In the concentrations of nutrients (DIN and DIP) of both surface and bottom waters, there were tremendous decrease trends at all stations. Therefore, these distinct decrease trends of the COD in bottom waters and the nutrients in surface and bottom waters of Jinhae Bay could have been associated with water improvement actions such as TPLMS (total pollution load management system).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2010

Purpose: Ejection fraction (EF) is one of the most important factors that evaluate heart function. Recently, according to echocardiography and myocardial perfusion SPECT, the number of gated blood pool scan (planar GBP) is declining. Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction using gated blood pool SPECT (GBPS) is known as relatively correspond with echocardiography. We compared EF derived from plnar GBP, GBPS and echocadiography using modified simpson method to determine the accuracy. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 to June 2010, planar GBP and GBPS were performed on 34 patients who admitted to Pusan National University Hospital (men 23, women 11, mean age $52.6{\pm}27.2$). Each patient was injected with $^{99m}{TcO_4}^-$ of 20 mCi after pyrophosphate injection and then scanned using both planar GBP and GBPS techniques. For image analysis, we use ADAC Laboratories, Ver. 4.20 software. The result analyzed was processed by SPSS 17.0 Win statistic program and statistical method applied in data analysis is one-way anova, Tukey's post hoc test, pearson correlation test. Results: One-way anova test show no significant difference (planar GBP $56.3{\pm}13.9%$; GBPS $60.4{\pm}16.0%$; echocardiography $59.1{\pm}14.4%$, p=0.486, p>0.05). Tukey's post hoc test show no significant difference (planar GBP-echocardiography p=0.697; GBPS-echocardiography p=0.928; planar GBP-GBPS p=0.469, p>0.05). Values for EF obtained with planar GBP and GBPS correlated well with those obtained with echocardiography (planar-echocardiography r=0.697; GBPS-echocardiography r=0.928; planar GBP-GBPS r=0.469). Conclusion: The problems of accuracy and reproducibility for planar GBP still remain. But planar GBP is a safe and non-invasive method. In addition, planar GBP is useful to evaluate patient with low resolution echocardiography images. GBPS is not appicated clinically. but GBPS can be obtain various left ventricular functional parameters. planar GBP, GBPS and echocardiography show a good correlation between each other. Therefore, planar GBP and GBPS are useful for evaluating left ventricular ejection fraction.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.452-458
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• 1999

Objectives: The authors conducted the study to evaluate bias when potentially diseased subjects were included in cohort members while analyzing risk factors of chronic liver diseases. Methods: Total of 14,529 subjects were followed up for the incidence of liver diseases from January 1993 to June 1997. We have used databases of insurance company with medical records, cancer registry, and death certificate data to identify 102 incident cases. The cohort members were classified into potentially diseased group(n=2,217) when they were HBsAg positive, serum GPT levels higher than 40 units, or had or has liver diseases in baseline surveys. Cox's model were used for potentially diseased group, other members, and total subjects, respectively. Results: The risk factors profiles were similar for total and potentially diseased subjects: HBsAg positivity, history of acute liver disease, and recent quittance of smoking or drinking increased the risk. while intake of pork and coffee decreased it. For the potentially diseased, obesity showed marginally significant protective effect. Analysis of subjects excluding the potentially diseased showed distinct profiles: obesity increased the risk, while quitting smoking or drinking had no association. For these intake of raw liver or processed fish or soybean paste stew increased risk; HBsAg positivity, higher levels of liver enzymes and history of acute liver diseases increased the risk. Conclusions: The results suggested the potential bias in risk ratio estimates when potentially diseased subjects were included in cohort study on chronic liver diseases, especially for lifestyles possibly modified after disease onset. The analytic strategy excluding potentially diseased subjects was considered appropriate for identifying risk factors for chronic liver diseases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.90-100
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• 1975

The estimation of the pre-processing condition of oyster is of great importance for distributors and processors. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating the processing suitability of oyster, which is the most important shellfish for domestic use and export. The data were analysed by measuring the condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters. In order to eliminate the manual work that has to be done on a tightly closed oyster shell and avoid shrinkage in the oyster meat which is attendant on the steaming process, chemical means to open oyster were examined. finding the method of pretreatment of polyphosphate for frozen oysters were attempted to improve the product quality. The prevention of undesirable color change of the canned oyster meat is another problem to solve. The important results are as follows : 1. The ratio of meat volume and meat weight to the holding capacity by shells may be useful as an index to measure the condition index of oysters. 2. As a whole, monthly changes of moisture and fat content in oysters were reversely correlated. Protein content slightly decreased from April and rapidly decreased in July, and again rapidly increased in August but from September to November decreased slightly. In April, the content of glycogen was 4 percent. From this period to September, glycogen was rapidly decreased. From July to September, it was only 0. 7 to 1 percent but increased from October. There were little seasonal changes in pH value. The pH value of oyster meat was 6.0 to 6.2. The crude ash content was slightly decreased from June to August. 3. The range of monthly change of heavy metal content are as follows: Total mercury was 0 to 0.019 ppm, cadmium was 0.026 to 0.053 ppm, copper was 0.111 to 0.594 ppm, and lead_was 0.061 to 0.581 ppm. 4. By the results of condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters, the suitable harvest season as raw materials for processing was the end of December to the end of May of next year. 5. The pretreatment of 10 percent polyphosphate in 5 percent salt solution of oyster meat appeared effective to reduce thawing drip during cold storage. 6. The pretreatment of $Na_2EDTA$ and BHA did not show the color prevention effect to the canned oyster meat during storage. 7. Magnesium chloride affected to open the valves of oysters.