Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2009.51.3.207

A Study on the Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Acid Mixture in Broiler Chicks  

Kim, Dong-Wook (National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A.)
Kim, Ji-Hyuk (National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A.)
Kim, Sung-Kwon (College of Animal Bioscience & Technology, Konkuk University)
Kang, Geun-Ho (National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A.)
Kang, Hwan-Ku (National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A.)
Lee, Sang-Jin (National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A.)
Kim, Sang-Ho (National Institute of Animal Science, R.D.A.)
Publication Information
Journal of Animal Science and Technology / v.51, no.3, 2009 , pp. 207-216 More about this Journal
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of organic acid mixture on growth performance, cecal microflora, blood characteristics and immune response in broiler chicks and to prove the possibility of organic acid mixture as an alternative to antibiotics growth promotor. A total of four hundred eighty, 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross$\times$Ross 308) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 4 replicates of 30 birds each. The treatments were NC (free antibiotics), PC (basal diet with virginiamycin 10 ppm and salinomycin 60 ppm), 0.3% organic acid, and 0.5% organic acid. The final body weight and body weight gain were significantly higher in organic acid 0.5% than NC (P<0.05). The feed conversion ratio in all treated groups were significantly improved as compared to that of NC (P<0.05). The carcass rate and relative organs weight were not significantly difference among the groups. The relative weight and length of small intestine in PC were significantly decreased than the other groups. The numbers of cecal coliform bacteria and Salmonella in all treated groups were significantly lower than NC (P<0.05). The number of cecal lactic acid bacteria was not different among the groups. No significant differences among the groups were observed in the contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in blood serum. The contents of total protein and globulin in blood serum of PC and organic acid treated groups were significantly increased as compared to those of NC (P<0.05). Therefore, albumin:globulin ratio of PC and organic acid treated groups was significantly lower than NC (P<0.05). The total white blood cell (WBC), heterophil, lymphocyte, and stress indicator (heterophil:lymphocyte ratio) were not significantly different among the groups. No significant difference was observed on the expression rate of splenic cytokines mRNA in organic acid treated groups compared to the control. Consequently, supplemental organic acid mixture improved the growth performance, and influenced positive effects on the intestinal microflora by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria without any adverse effects on relative weights of organs and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks.
Keywords
Organic acid; Broiler; Growth performance; Cecal microflora; Blood biochemical parameter; Cytokine;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Moore, P. R., Evenson, A., Luckey, T. D., McCoy, E., Elvehjem, C. A. and Hart, E. B. 1946. Use of sulfasuxidine, streptothricin and streptomycin in nutritional studies with the chick. J. Biol. Chem. 165:437-441.
2 Moran, M. 2005. Effect of organic acids in the drinking water on broiler chicken growth performance and their environmental microbial contamination. Br. Poult. Abstr. 1:49-50.
3 NRC. 1994. Nutrient requirement of poultry. National Research Council National Academy of Science Washington DC.
4 Partanen, K. H. and Mroz, Z. 1991. Organic acid for performance enhancement in pig diet. Nutr. Res. Rev. 117-145.
5 Patten, J. D. and Waldroup, P. W. 1988. Use of organic acids in broiler diets. Poult. Sci. 67:1178-1182.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Heiligenhaus, A., Li, H., Schmitz, A., Wasmuth, S. and Bauer, D. 2005. Improvement of herpetic stromal keratitis with fumaric acid derivate is associated with systemic induction of T helper 2 cytokines. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2005. 142:180-187.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Heres, L., Engel, B., Van Knapen, F., De Jong, M. C., Wagennar, J. A. and Urlings, H. A. 2003. Fermented liquid feed reduces susceptibility of broilers for salmonella enteritidis. Poult. Sci. 82:603-611.
8 Hernandez, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J. and Megias. M. D. 2004. Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and organ size. Poult. Sci. 83:169-174.
9 Henrique, A. P. E., Faria, D. E., Franzolin, R. and Ito, D. T. 1998. Effect of organic acid, probiotic and antibiotic on performance and carcass yield of broilers. Anaisda XXXY Reuniao da Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia. 302-308.
10 Henry, P. R., Ammerman, C. B., Campbell, D. R. and Miles, R. D. 1987. Effect of Antibiotics on Tissue Trace Mineral Concentration and Intestinal Tract Weight of Broiler Chicks. Poult. Sci. 66:1014-1018.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Jordan, S. L., Glover, J., Malcolm, L., Thomson-Carter, F. M., Booth, I. R. and Park, S. F. 1999. Augmentation of killing Escherichia coli O157 by combination of lactate, ethanol and low pH conditions. Appl. Environ. Microb. 65:1308-1311.
12 Leeson, S., Namkung, H., Antongiovanni, M. and Lee, E. H. 2005. Effect of Butyric acid on the performance and carcass yield of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 84:1418-1422.
13 Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F test. Biometric. 11:1-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Farner, N. L., Hank, J. A. and Sondel, P. M. 1997. Interleukin-2: Molecular and clinical aspects. In: Remick, D. G. and J. S. Friedland, Eds., Cytokines in health and diseases. Marcel Dekker, New York. pp. 29-40.
15 Giesting, D. W. and Easter, R. A. 1985. Response of starter pigs to supplementation of corn-soybean meal diets with organic acids. J. Anim. Sci. 60:1288.
16 Hadorn, R., Wiedmer, H. and Feuerstein, D. 2000. Effect of different dosages of an organic acid mixture in broiler diets. Archive fur Geflugelkunde 65:22-27.
17 Gunal, M., Yayli, G., Kaya, O., Karahan, N. and Sulak, O. 2006. The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 5:149-155.   DOI
18 Dibner, J. J. and Buttin, P. 2002. Use of organic acids as a model to study the impact of gut microflora on nutrition and metabolism. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 11:453-463.
19 Dorsa, W. J. 1997. New and established carcass decontamination procedures commonly used in the beef-processing industry. J. Food Prot. 60:1146-1151.
20 Chernecky, C. C. and Berger, B. J. 2004. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders.
21 Cherrington, C. A., Hinton, M., Mead, G. C. and Chopra, I. 1991. Organic acids: Chemistry, antibacterial activity and pracitical applications. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 32:87-108.   DOI
22 장해동, 유종상, 김효진, 신승오, 황 염, 주천상, 진영걸, 조진호, 김인호. 2008. 유기산 복합물 급여가 육계 생산성, 장기무게, 혈액 내 면역적 성상 및 장내 융모 형태에 미치는 영향. 한국가금학회지. 35:57-62.
23 Chomczynski, P. and Sacchi, N. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. N. Anal. Biochem. 162:156-159.
24 De Arruda Campos, M. P., Rabello, C. B. V., Sakomura, N. K., Longo, F. A., Kuana, S. and Gut, F. 2004. Use of fumaric acid in the diets on the performance of broiler chickens with low metabolisable energy. Acta Scientarium, Animal Sciences, Maringa. 26:35-39.
25 Chaveerach, P., Keuzenkamp, D. A., Lipman, L. J. and Van Kanpen, F. 2004. Effect of organic acid in drinking water for young broilers on Campylobacter infection, volatile fatty acid production, gut microflora and histological cell changes. Poult. Sci. 83:330-334.
26 Aumaitre, A. 1972. Development of enzyme activity in the digestive tract of suckling pigs : Nutrition significance and implications for weaning. World. Rev. Anim. Prod. 8:54-62.
27 Cave, N. A. 1984. Effect of dietary propionic acid and lactic acid on feed intake by chicks. Poul. Sci. 63:131-134.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Versteegh, H. and Jongbloed, A. W. 1999. The effect of supplementary lactic acid in diets on the performance of broilers. ID-DLO Rep. No. 99.006. Institute for Animal Science and Health, Branch Runderweg, Lelystad, The Netherlands.
29 Waldroup, A., Kaniawato, S. and Mauromoustakos, A. 1995. Performance characteristics and microbiological aspects of broier fed diets supplemented with organic acids. J. Food Protection. 58:482-489.
30 우경천, 이문구, 정병윤, 백인기. 2006. 유기산제제 ($Lactacid^(R)$)와 Essential Oil($Immunocin^(R)$)이 육계의 생산성과 영양소 이용율, 소장내 미생물 균총 및 면역 체계에 미치는 영향. 한국가금학회지. 33:141-149.   과학기술학회마을
31 Ricke, S. C. 2003. Perspectives on the use of organic acids and short chain fatty acids as antimicrobials. Poult. Sci. 82:632-639.
32 Risley, C. R., Kornegay, E. T., Lindemann, M. D., Wood, C. M. and Eigel, W. N. 1992. Effect of feeding organic acids on selected intestinal content measurements at varying times postweaning in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 70:196-206.
33 Russell, J. B. 1992. Another explanation for the toxicity of fermentation acids at low pH : Anion accumulation versus uncoupling. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 73:363-370.   DOI
34 SAS, 2002. SAS/STAT Software for PC. Release 9.1, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA.
35 Pirgozliev, V., Murphy, T. C., Owens, B., George, J. and McCann, M. E. E. 2008. Fumaric acid and sorbic acid as additives in broiler feed. Res. Vet. Sci. 84:387-394.   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Schilling, S., Goelz, S., Linker, R., Luehder, F. and Gold, R. 2006. Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2006. 145:101-107.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Skinner, J. T., Izat, A. L. and Waldroup, P. W. 1991. Fumaric acid enhances performance of broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 70: 1444-1447.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Vogt, H., Matthes, S. and Harnisch, S. 1981. The effect of organic acids in the rations on the performance of broilers and laying hens. Archive fur Geflugelkunde 45:221-232.
39 Lopponow, L. H. and Libby, P. 1989. Adult human vascular endothelial cells express the IL-6 gene differentially in response to LPS or IL-1. Cell Immunol. 122:493-503.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Miyamoto, T., Lillehoj, H. S., Sohn, E. J. and Min, W. 2001. Production and Characterization of monoclonal antibodies detecting chicken interleukin-2 and the development of an antigen capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Vet. Immuno. Immunopathol. 80:245-257.   DOI   ScienceOn