• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2004

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's diseases are chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract identified mainly for diarrhea, stomachache, hemafecia. The source and pathologic mechanism about ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are still unknown but stress, infection, a genetic factor, environmental factors etc. may be the cause of chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract recently. Methods : Because ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease is recognized as Ha-ri(下痢) or Jang-Byok(腸?) in Oriental Medicine, Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupunctures were injected in hapgok $(LI_4)$ which is used to treat intestinal disease in clinic. All animals were subjected to the injection of saline $(300\;{\mu}l,\;500\;{\mu}l)$ for a study control and TNBS $(300\;{\mu}l,\;500\;{\mu}l)$ into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal (20 mg/ml, 0.4 ml) acupuncture solution was injected to the $LI_4$ (both hands) at the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. And body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupuncture in hapgok $(LI_4)$. Results : In results, Rhizoma Coptidis Herbal acupuncture in hapgok $(LI_4)$ on TNBS-induced colitis reduced the rate of weight loss but had no effect on RBC and WBC count. And it reduced total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusion : Data suggest that injection of Rhizoma Coptidis herbal acupuncture solution into hapgok has significant therapeutic effect on the colitis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.147-166
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• 2008

Objectives : Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by a chronic relapsing inflammation of the bowel in which proinflammatory cytokines play an important perpetuating role. Methods : Mice (preventive animal model of gliotoxin) were treated with 5 % 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) at day 1 and day 7. To investigate preventive effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$, acupuncture was carried out at day -1, day 1, day 3. And, to investigate therapeutic effects, acupuncture with Gujin was carried out at day 3, day 5, day 7. For the data analysis, we checked weight and width of colon, diarrhea, edema, survival rate, changes of body weight, and myeloperoxygenase (MPO) activity. For analysing protein expression, we carried out immunohistochemical staining and Western blot and we analyzed mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Results : Colon of TNBS treated mice was erosive and shortening compared with the colon of control mice and induced damages of colon epithelial cell layer and induced infiltration of immune cells in all layer of colon. Acupuncture of gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive mode suppressed macorscopic damages such as erosive and shortening of colon by TNBS and damages of intestinal epithelial cells and infiltration of immune cells in the colon. The average weight of 5 cm distal colon was increased in TNBS treated mice (758${\mu}g$) compared with in control mice (112${\mu}g$) and width of distal colon was also increased in TNBS treated mice (4.9mm) compared with in control mice (1.3mm). Acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode suppressed increase of colon weight and width by TNBS. TNBS induced edema of colon and diarrhea and Acupunctured with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ in preventive and therapeutic mode ameliorated these symptom by TNBS. In preventive and therapeutic mode, the effects of acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ were increasing the motility, suppressing body weight decreasing, suppressing MPO activity, reducing expressing of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1b, and ICAM-1 in colon compared with that by TNBS Conclusions : This study demonstrates that acupuncture with Gujin at $LI_{11}$ represents a potential therapeutic method of Crohn's disease.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 1996

이 실아메바(Entamoeba histoIytica)와 동형 아메바(Entamoebc dispar. 동형아메바)의 포낭은 형태학적으로 구분이 안되어 종 감별에 관하여 논란이 있어 왔다. 최근에 이 둘이 별종이며 특히 이질아메바는 병원성이고 동형아메바는 비병윈성입이 확인퇴어 그 감별이 중요한 의미를 갖게 피었나 이 연구에서는 우리 나라의 아메바 분리체를 중합효소 반응과 제한효소 반응을 이용하여 두 종으로 감별하였다. 1994-1995년에 대변을 통강의 방법으로 검색하여 포낭이나 영양형이 발견된 검체를 로빈슨 배지에서 배양하고 배양된 영양형에서 DNA를 분리하였다. PI 유전자 염기서열 중에서 시발페(primer)를 만득어 중합효소 반응으로 482 bp 크기의 산물을 얹고 이를 제한효소(Tuq I, Xmn I, Acc I)로 처리하였다. 또한 Xmn I과 Acc I 제한 효소의 특이 염기서열온 고함하는 시발체를 제작하여 따로 중합효소 반응을 시행하였다. 그 결과 13개 분리체 중에서 S9, S12, YS-6, YS-27의 482 bp 산물은 Taq I과 Xmn I 의하여 그 외의 분리체 산물은 Acc I에 의하여 절단되었다. 이 결과는 특이 염기서열 시발체의 중합효소 반응에서 얻은 산물과 일치하였다, 이 결과에 의하여 분리체 S9, S12, YS-6는 대장염 창자에서. YS-27은 간농양 환자에서 분리한 병원성의 이질아메바(E. histolytica)이고 분리체 S1, S3, S11, S15, S16, S17, S20, YS-17, YS-44는 부증상의 포낭배출자에서 얻은 비병원성의 동형아메바(E. nispur)로 구별할 수 있었다. S1은 설사 환자에서 얻은 분리체 이지탄 동형아메바임을 확인하였고 따라서 이 환자의 설사는 다른 원인에 의한 것으로 판단 된다. 이로써 비병원성인 동형아메바가 우리 나라에서도 병원성 이질아메바보다 더 흔하게 존재한다는 것을 처음으로 기록하며 E. dispar의 우리 말 이름을 동형아메바로 제안한다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2010

RNase E는 대장균 내에 있는 수많은 RNA의 분해와 가공에 관여하며, 또한 RNA 대사 작용에 관련된 거대한 단백질 복합체인 데그라도좀을 구성하는 중요한 효소로 알려져 있다. RraA와 RraB는 최근에 밝혀진 RNase E의 단백질 저해제이며, 진화적으로 잘 보존되어 있다. 이 연구에서는 RraA를 발현 시킬 때와는 달리 세포 내에서 RraB를 발현 시키면, RNase E의 과발현에 따른 세포의 성장 저해를 회복시키지 못하고 더 저해하는 것을 확인하였다. 이 현상이 RraA와 RraB가 세포내 RNase E의 기질들에 대해 특이적으로 영향을 미치기 때문인지를 알아보기 위해 세 개의 RNase E 기질을 분석하였다. 그 결과, ColE1-타입 플라스미드의 복제수를 조절하는 RNA I과 라이보좀 단백질 S15를 코딩하는 rpsO mRNA의 경우 RraA가 RraB 보다 효과적으로 RNase E의 활성을 저해하며, RNase P의 RNA 구성요소의 전구체인 pM1 RNA에 대한 RNase E의 효소 활성은 RraB가 저해하지 못하는 것을 관찰하였다. 이 결과는 RraB가 RraA보다는 높은 기질 특이적으로 RNase E의 효소활성을 저해하며, 이러한 이유로 RNase E의 과발현에 의한 세포의 성장 저해를 RraB의 과발현으로 극복할 수 없었다고 추론할 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.79-94
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• 2007

Objectives : Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract was identified mainly for diarrhea, stomachache, hemafecia. The source and pathologic mechanism about ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease are still unknown but stress, infection, a genetic factor, environmental factors etc. may be the cause of chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract recently. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effects of herbal acupuncture with Artemisiae Argyi for the treatment to intestinal disease in the rat with 2, 4, 6 - trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis. Methods : Artemisiae Argyi Herbal acupunctures were infected in HapGok (LI4) which is used to treat for intestinal disease in clinic. All animals were subjected to the injection of saline (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) for a study control and TNBS (300 ${\mu}l$, 500 ${\mu}l$) into the lumen of the colon, 8cm proximal to the anus through the intestine. Artemisiae Agryi' Herbal (20 mg/ml, 0.4 ml) acupunctures were injected to the LI4 (both hands) at the secondary injection time of TNBS in rats. And body weight, RBC count, WBC count, total protein, Paw edema rate, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels were observed to study the effects of Artemisiae Argyi' Herbal acupuncture in HapGok (Ll4). Results : Artemisiae Argyi' Herbal acupuncture in HapGok (Ll4) on TNBS-induced colitis inhibit the body weight lose rate but not RBC and WBC count. Furthermore, it inhibited the reduction of total protein concentration, paw edema, rate of protein leakage into CMC-pouch fluid, IgG levels and IgM levels. Conclusions : Herbal acupuncture with Artemisiae Argyi helps recover the TNBS-induced colonic damage and may be an important method for treatment of the colitis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.448-461
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• 2013

크론병과 궤양성 대장염으로 잘 알려져 있는 염증성 장질환은 재발과 호전을 반복하는 만성적인 염증 및 이에 따른 합병증을 특징으로 하는 원인 불명의 질환이다. 염증성 장질환의 발생 원인은 아직 명확히 알려져 있지 않지만 흡연이나 식이와 같은 환경적 요인, 장내 세균총과 같은 미생물학적 요인, 면역 매개에 의한 조직 손상과 같은 면역학적 요인 그리고 유전학적 요인 등이 복합적으로 발생기전에 관여 할 것이라고 추정한다. 특히 사이토카인과 같은 염증매개물질에 의해 세포매개염증반응의 일련의 과정이 유발 혹은 증폭되거나, 면역 조절 기능의 면화로 장 점막의 국소적 조직 손상을 유발하게 되며 면역 및 염증 반응이 적절하게 감소되지 않고 지속되어 만성 염증에 이르게 된다. 최근 이러한 염증반응에 중요한 역할을 담당하는 사이토카인 유전자에 관심이 몰리고 있다. 사이토카인은 활성화된 면역세포에서 주로 생성되는 당단백으로서 분자량이 8~10 kD 정도이며, 면역 반응시 T세포, B세포, 대식세포 등의 면역세포 상호간에 활성화, 증식 및 분화 등에 관계하여 국소적 조직 손상 및 염증반응을 일으킨다. 반면에 장의 구조와 기능에 있어 중요한 기질인 식이 섬유소에서 유래되는 Butyrate는 친염증성 사이토카인을 감소시키고 항염증성 사이토카인을 증가시킴으로써 장관 면역계에 대한 조절기능을 보이고 있다. 따라서 본 총설에서는 Butyrate의 항염증 효과에 대한 분자적 기작을 면역세포에서 Butyrate가 가지는 사이토카인 조절 능력을 통해 이해하고 Butyrate가 염증성 장질환에 대해 새로운 치료 전략을 제시 해 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Sophorae radix pharmacopuncture(SRP) therapy on the Chunchu($ST_{25}$) on intestinal disease in rats with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis. Methods : The experimental model of colitis was induced by an infection of DSS for fifteen days. After colitis was induced, SRP therapy was practiced on the Chunchu($ST_{25}$) once every three days for a total of five times. Afterward, colon length, damage to the colonic mucosa, complete blood count, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine transferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were measured. Results : The results were obtained as below. 1. Colon length was significantly increased in the SRP group 2 compared to the control group. 2. Damage of colonic mucosa was observed less in the SRP groups than in the other groups. 3. The mean rates of white blood cell(WBC), neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly increased in SRP group 2 compared to the control group. 4. The mean rates of HGB and hematocrit(HCT) were significantly increased in the SRP compared to the control group. 5. No significant differences were shown in AST, ALT, BUN and Creatinine between the SRP groups and the control group. 6. The mean rate of TNF-${\alpha}$ was significantly decreased in the SRP groups compared to the control group. 7. The mean of IL-6 was significantly decreased in the SRP groups compared to the control group. Conclusions : These results indicated that SRP therapy on Chunchu($ST_{25}$) functions as a treatment to the dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

Objectives : Transient inflammation has been demonstrated to alter visceral sensory function in animal models and acute mucosal inflammation may precede the manifestation of visceral hyperalgesia. Thus in this study we compared effects of herbal acupuncture of Nidus Vespae (NV) applied to the different acupoints in the acute colitis induced by trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS) intracolonic injection in rats. Methods : In Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 250 ~ 400 g, TNBS (5 mg/kg) was infused intrarectally through a silicon rubber catheter into the anus under isoflurane anaesthesia. Under general anesthesia, acupoints of LI4 (Hapkok), SI25 (Cheonchu), ST36 (Joksamni), BL25 (Daejangsu) were intramuscularly injected by NV. Expressions of cFos protein in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), locus coeruleus (LC), nucleus of solitary tract (Sol), and the 6th lumbar spinal cord (L6 s.c.) were observed at 24 hrs after TNBS induced colitis by immunohistochemistry. Results : The expression of c-Fos protein in L6 s.c., Sol, LC and PAG increased 24 hrs after TNBS injection into colorectum as compared to normal group. NV herbal acupuncture also inhibited the expression of c-Fos protein in Sol but not L6 s.c., LC, and PAG. NV to ST36 inhibited significantly the c-Fos expression in Sol and PAG. NV to ST25 inhibited the c-Fos protein expression all over the observation area. NV to BL25 showed the inhibitory effects in the areas except LC. Whether or not a role of endogenous opioids, intrathecal injection of naltrexone (30 ug / 30 ul) was applied before the 2nd herbal acupuncture treatment 24 hrs after TNBS-induced colitis in rat. Naltrexone reversed the inhibition of c-Fos protein expression in the spinal cord and brainstem under different conditions such as type of herbal acupuncture compound and choice of acupoint. Conclusions : In summary, these data show that herbal acupuncture of NV inhibits signal pathways such as spinal cord and brain stem ascending hypersensitivity of colorectum after TNBS induced colitis. This effect may be mediated by acupoints through the endogenous opioid system involving the pain modulation.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of various concentrations of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (HTT) pharmacopuncture on ST25 (天樞) in rats with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis.Methods Colitis was experimentally induced by feeding rats with water mixed with 5% (w/v) DSS for 20 days. The rats were divided into 5 groups: the normal group (Nor, n=5), the control group - colitis induced rats with no treatment (Con, n=5), the acupuncture group - colitis induced rats with acupuncture applied on ST25 (Acu, n=5), the pharmacopuncture group 1 - colitis induced rats with 0.729 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-1, n=5), the pharmacopuncture group 2 - colitis induced rats with 3.645 mg/250 g/40 μl of pharmacopuncture applied on ST25 (PA-2, n=5). The changes in weight, excrement concentration and hemafecia were observed 5 times every 2 days. The colon lengths were measured from appendix to the end of colon after the experiment. Hematological and serological exams were conducted the day after the last treatment by cardiac puncturing anesthetized rats.Results ST25 is the abdominal front point (募穴) of large intestine meridian and is known to have effect in colitis. Various concentrations of HTT pharmacopuncture (HTTP) applied on ST25, in rats with DSS-induced colitis inhibited decrease in colon lengths and body weight in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups. Hematological and serological exam results also showed that HTTP has significant effect on colitis in both PA-1 and PA-2 groups.Conclusions Colon lengths were significantly increased in the acupuncture group, PA-1 group and PA-2 group, compared to the control group. The body weight was significantly increased (p<0.05) in PA-2 group after the first treatment, compared to the control group. TNF-α, IL-6, AST were significantly decreased in PA-1 and PA-2 groups, compared to the control group.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2021

독성거대결장은 염증성 장질환, 감염성 대장염 등에 의해 발생하는 치명적인 합병증이다. 중증도에 따라 장절제부터 사망까지 예후가 나빠 조기 진단과 적절한 치료가 매우 중요한 질환이다. 하지만, 소아에서 그 유병률은 매우 낮으며 염증성 장질환과 같은 기저질환이 없이 발생할 경우 조기진단이 늦어질 수 있다. 기저질환이 없는 12세 남자가 하복부 통증과 발열, 그리고 혈변을 주소로 병원을 방문했다. 항생제 치료에도 불구하고 환자의 증상은 악화되었다. 3병일째 복부 컴퓨터단층촬영에서 횡행결장의 심각한 팽창이 관찰되었고 이를 통해 독성거대결장으로 진단할 수 있었다. 광범위항생제와 함께 정맥 스테로이드 치료를 시행하였으며, 환자의 증상은 호전되었다. 이후 대변 배양 검사에서 Salmonella enteritidis group D가 배양되었으며, 직장 내시경 검사를 통해 염증성 장질환을 배제할 수 있었다. 저자는 독성거대결장을 적절한 영상 검사를 통해 조기 진단하였고, 내과적으로 성공적인 치료를 하여 이에 대한 경험을 공유하고자 한다.