Acknowledgement
This study was supported by a 2020 grant from the Wonkwang University.
References
- Sheth SG, LaMont JT. Toxic megacolon. Lancet 1998;351:509-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)10475-5
- Gan SI, Beck PL. A new look at toxic megacolon: an update and review of incidence, etiology, pathogenesis, and management. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:2363-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07696.x
- Chaudhuri A, Bekdash BA. Toxic megacolon due to Salmonella: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Colorectal Dis 2002;17:275-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-001-0374-3
- Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC. Toxic megacolon. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;18:584-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ibd.21847
- Grieco MB, Bordan DL, Geiss AC, Beil AR Jr. Toxic megacolon complicating Crohn's colitis. Ann Surg 1980;191:75-80. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-198001000-00015
- McGuire E, Tiberi S, Ciesielczuk H, Melzer M. Shigellosis and toxic megacolon secondary to Shigella flexneri serotype 3a: the challenges of laboratory diagnosis. Int J Infect Dis 2018;70:104-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.02.020
- Kwok M, Maurice A, Lisec C, Brown J. Campylobacter colitis: rare cause of toxic megacolon. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016;27:141-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.08.030
- Mourelle M, Casellas F, Guarner F, Salas A, Riveros-Moreno V, Moncada S, et al. Induction of nitric oxide synthase in colonic smooth muscle from patients with toxic megacolon. Gastroenterology 1995;109:1497-502. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90636-3
- Schworer H, Bohn M, Waezsada SY, Raddatz D, Ramadori G. Successful treatment of megacolon associated with colitis with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:2273-4. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03986.x
- Trudel JL, Deschenes M, Mayrand S, Barkun AN. Toxic megacolon complicating pseudomembranous enterocolitis. Dis Colon Rectum 1995;38:1033-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02133974
- Jalan KN, Sircus W, Card WI, Falconer CW, Bruce CB, Crean GP, et al. An experience of ulcerative colitis. I. Toxic dilation in 55 cases. Gastroenterology 1969;57:68-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(19)33962-9
- Benchimol EI, Turner D, Mann EH, Thomas KE, Gomes T, McLernon RA, et al. Toxic megacolon in children with inflammatory bowel disease: clinical and radiographic characteristics. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:1524-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01807.x
- Imbriaco M, Balthazar EJ. Toxic megacolon: role of CT in evaluation and detection of complications. Clin Imaging 2001;25:349-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-7071(01)00330-8
- Jeong SJ. The role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric disease. Korean J Pediatr 2019;62:287-91. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00059
- Alemayehu G, Jarnerot G. Colonoscopy during an attack of severe ulcerative colitis is a safe procedure and of great value in clinical decision making. Am J Gastroenterol 1991;86:187-90.
- Norland CC, Kirsner JB. Toxic dilatation of colon (toxic megacolon): etiology, treatment and prognosis in 42 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1969;48:229-50. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-196905000-00003
- Mourelle M, Vilaseca J, Guarner F, Salas A, Malagelada JR. Toxic dilatation of colon in a rat model of colitis is linked to an inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. Am J Physiol 1996;270:G425-30.