• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.564-568
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• 2007

In this study, the ethanolic extracts of 40 species of traditional herbal medicines were examined for their antimicrobial activities against Clostridium difficile. Among the 43 screened traditional herbal medicines, Achyranthes Japonica Nakai (AJN), Siegesbeckia glabrescens Makino, and Phelloedendron amurense Ruprecht showed antimicrobial activities greater than 90% at a concentration of 500 ppm. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the AJN ethanolic extracts (AJNEA) showed the highest growth inhibitory activity against C. difficile, with a MIC of $625{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, the effect of AJNEA on the growth of lactic acid bacteria was investigated. AJNEA did not inhibit the growth of the tested Bifidobacterium spp. or Lactobacillus spp., with the exception of B. longum, Streptococcus thermophilus, and L. helveticus. These results indicate that AJNEA can be utilized as a potential antimicrobial agent against C. difficile related disease.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.972-977
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• 2007

Objectives : To see the effect of herbal medicine on ulcerative colitis by diagnosing ulcerative colitis as constipation due to stagnation of eum. Methods : We report here on a case of a patient who had abdominal pain, rectal urgency, diarrhea and hemafecia as chief complaints in December 2004 and was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis on January 20, 2007. The patient was treated with Pyungwijiyu-tang till Hwanggi was added on March 23rd of the same year. No change was made to the prescription since then. Results : After 14 weeks of herbal treatment the chief complaints decreased favorably and had no relapse. Conclusions : In this case, we recognized that the herbal medication could be effective for the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis. It was effective in decreasing or maintaining the symptoms of patients and in improving quality of life.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.911-918
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• 2007

This study is a clinical report of one patient with symptoms remaining after western medical therapy for ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis, a diffuse inflammatory disease of the mucosal lining of the colon and rectum, is characterized by a remitting and relapsing course. Therefore treatment is difficult and the proper treatment typically isn't established. We provided acupuncture-moxibustion therapy 28 times and prescribed Dansamboheol-tang gagam, which functions by nourishing the blood (補血), strengthening the spleen (健脾), adjustment of ki (理氣), removal of extravasated blood (祛瘀), and warming of the kidney (溫腎), for 30 days. The patient improved in quality of life and the symptoms disappeared. This study suggests that Dansamboheol-tang gagam, acupuncture, and moxibustion treatment has an effect on improving the symptoms remaining after western medical therapy for ulcerative colitis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.944-954
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• 2017

Objectives: This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Jageum-jung extract on Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS-induced) ulcerative colitis in mice. Methods: Ulcerative colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/C male mice. Ten mice were assigned to each of four groups: Ctrl (control), UE (ulcerative colitis-induced), PT (treated with pentasaccharide after induction of ulcerative colitis), and JT (treated with Jageum-jung extract after induction of ulcerative colitis). The effects of Jageum-jung extract were measured by restoration of the length of the intestine, degree of mucosal damage as seen with histochemistry, and changes of p-IkB, iNOS, COX-2, and caspase-3 determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: The recovered intestinal length of the JT group was longer than that of the UE group. In the colon mucosa of JT group, hemorrhagic lesions were reduced, and the mucus barrier was recovered. This group also showed inhibited production of inflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2) through regulation of proinflammatory enzyme (NF-kB, p65) activity in the colon. In addition, caspase 3 activation induced apoptosis. By GC/MS analysis, azetidine was identified. Conclusions: This study confirmed the anti-inflammatory effects of jageum-jung extract, and suggests the possibility of using Jageum-jung extract to treat ulcerative colitis. Further experiments and research on the mechanism of Jageum-jung effects are needed.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.1021-1034
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Gaejigayonggolmoryo-tang (GYT) on ulcerative colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. Methods: Colitis was induced by free drinking of 5% DSS in six-week-old male ICR mice. The experimental groups were the sample group, the control group, and the normal group. The sample group was treated with GYT for three days after being was given 5% DSS for five days. The control group was given water, instead of GYT, for three days after the five days of 5% DSS. The normal group was untreated (not given 5% DSS), for comparison purposes. Results: Cellular experiments showed that GYT inhibits the expression of the inflammatory enzymes COX-2 and iNOS, and the production of NO. Based on the primary cellular experiments, the effects of GYT on ulcerative colitis induced by DSS of mouse tissues were investigated. GYT reduced tissue damage and apoptosis by inhibiting the expression of the inflammatory enzymes $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, COX-2, and iNOS. In the cellular experiment, GYT was more effective in inhibiting the expression of COX-2 than in inhibiting the expression of iNOS. GYT was evidently effective in tissues in inhibiting the expression of COX-2. Conclusions: Based on the results here, GYT may have therapeutic effects on ulcerative colitis induced by DSS. GYT is worthy of research and development as a COX-2 inhibitor and a potential drug for inflammatory bowel diseases from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2016

Objectives: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestines. Due to limitation of conventional treatment including steroids, herbal medicines have emerged as possible therapeutic options for IBD. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic and prophylactic effects and mechanisms of Zostera Marina water extract (ZME) on DSS-induced colitis. Methods: Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. In pre-treatment setting, ZME was administered 7 days before DSS treatment and in co-treatment setting, ZME was simultaneously administrated with DSS treatment. In both settings, ZME 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg were orally administered twice a day, respectively. Mice weight and clinical findings were measured daily. Colon length, macroscopic findings and histological damages of colon mucosa were assessed at the end of experiments. The levels of cytokines including TNF-${\alpha}$, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured by Biometric Multiplex Cytokine Profiling method. Results: In a dose dependent manner, ZME significantly inhibited the colon shortening, and improved macroscopic score and histological score. However, there were insignificant changes on inhibition of weight loss and improvement of clinical score. There were no significant differences of effects between co-treatment and pre-treatment settings. ZME 300 and 1000 mg/kg groups significantly inhibited IFN-${\gamma}$. Only ZME 1000 mg/kg group significantly inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6. Conclusions: The current results show the possibility of therapeutic use and its prophylactic application of ZME on inflammatory bowel diseases. Future studies for targeted mechanisms of ZME are needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.54-64
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera japonica water extracts (LE) on Ulcerative Colitis Induced by DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) in Mice. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. The sample group was divided into three. The mice in control group were not inflammation-induced. The pathological group was composed of untreated colitis elicited mice. The experimental group was administered Lonicera japonica water extracts (LE) after colitis elicitation. The effects on ulcerative colitis were evaluated the anti-oxidant effect, inhibition of COX-2 mRNA expression, the morphological change of colonic mucosa, decrease effect of HSP 70 and COX-2 in mucosa. Results : The SOD ability of LE was dose-dependently increased and the LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression of LE was dose-dependently decreased. LE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. LE inhibited shortening of colon length, the hemorrhagic erosion in colonic mucosa. LE also showed the decrease effect for HSP70 and COX-2 in mucosa. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of LE in traditional medicine and indicate the possible treatments for ulcerative colitis from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 1976

악상남도(惡尙南道) 김해군(金海郡) S 양돈장(養豚場)에서 1975년 4월 하순부터 5월 하순 사이에 사육돈(飼育豚) 1,200두중 약 350두에서 출혈성하리(出血性下痢)를 주증(主症)으로 하는 전염성(傳染性)이 강한 소화기질환(消化器疾患)이 발생하였다. 환돈(患豚)은 7주령(週齡)에서부터 14주령(週齡)까지에서 가장 많이 발생하고 급성(急性) 또는 아급성(亞急性)으로 경과하였으며 다량의 황백색(黃白色), 수양하리(水樣下痢)를 발하다가 황갈색(黃褐色), 포말성하리(泡沫性下痢) 또는 암적갈색(暗赤褐色) 점액성하리(粘液性下痢)를 나타내었다. 육안적(肉眼的) 병변(病變)은 대장(大腸)에 한하였으며 카타아르성(性), 출혈성(出血性) 내지 괴사성장염(壞死性腸炎)을 시현(示顯)하였으며 괴사(壞死)는 광범(廣凡)하나 표재성(表在性)이고 어떤 예에서는 결장점막(結腸粘膜) 속에 대소(大小)의 미세결절(微細結節)이 밀발(密發)한 것이 특징이었다. 조직학적검사(組織學的檢査)에서는 대장점막(大腸粘膜)에 현저한 배세포증식(杯細胞增殖), 울혈(鬱血) 및 원형세포침윤(圓形細胞浸潤)과 더불어 표재성괴사(表在性壞死)가 관찰되었고 상기(上記) 결절(結節)은 장선(腸腺) 속에 점액(粘液), 섬유소(纖維素) 및 붕괴세포(崩壞細胞)가 축적되어 선와(腺窩)가 확장되고 피복상피(被覆上皮)의 이형성(異形成)(dysplasia)을 일으키고 있음이 판명되었다. 병변부(病變部)의 세균염색(細菌染色)에 의하여 대형(大型) Spirocheta와 Vibrio 고균(孤菌)이 무수(無數)히 발견되었고 Spirocheta가 병변형성(病變形成)에 더 밀접하게 관련되어 있음이 밝혀졌다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2020

Objective: To analyze the prescription patterns for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) and to investigate factors co-occurring with systemic corticosteroid use. Methods: We used patient-level data from Korean National Health Insurance claims database to identify patients diagnosed with UC (ICD-10 code : K51) and their medications prescribed for UC between January 1 and Decemeber 31, 2017. We found that medications for UC treatment were 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), immunomodulators, biologics, and corticosteroids. We presented the prescription pattern according to the sex, age group, type of health insurance, site of UC, type of medical institution, and concomitant medication. To evaluate factors associated with prescription of systemic corticosteroids for UC, we used a multivariate logistic regression model to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Of 1,469 UC patients, 74.5% used 5-ASA and 15.2% used systemic corticosteroids. 5-ASA constituted 77.5% of all prescriptions and systemic corticosteroids accounted for 13.1%. The most widely used therapy was 5-ASA monotherapy (54.8%), followed by a double therapy with 5-ASA and immunomodulators (8.2%) or 5-ASA and systemic corticosteroids (7.2%). Systemic corticosteroids were more likely to be prescribed with immunomodulators (aOR=1.88, 95% CI=1.54-2.28) and biologics (aOR=2.82, 95% CI=2.28-3.50) than without them. Conclusions: We found that 15.2% of UC patients were prescribed with a systemic corticosteroid, which is less than reported previously. Systemic corticosteroids were more likely to be prescribed with immunomodulators and biologics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.50-62
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was aimed to find the effect of Samiunkyungtang on inflammation and microflora in an ulcerative colitis animal model. Methods: We established four groups of normal, control, test 1, and test 2 and assigned 6 rats toeach group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed by normal saline. The control & test groups were provided with 4% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment for 7 days. Samiunkyungtang extract was orally administered to test groups (test 1=25mg/kg, test 2 100mg/kg) 3 days after DSS treatment for 10 days. After DSS treatment finished, we sacrificed the mice and measured colon length and enzyme activities such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), alkine phosphatase (ALP), ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, chondroitinase, and tryptophanase. Results: The colon lengths of test 1 and 2 groups were longer than the control group (p<0.05). Histologically, the crypts and superficial epitheliums of test 1 and 2 groups were regenerated. Goblet cells from all test groups were retrieved. The inflammatory biochemical marker, MPO and ALP activities in all test groups were highly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the control group. The activities of fecal bacterial enzymes in test groups such as ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, chondroitinase, and tryptophanase were reduced compared to the control group (p<0.01). Conclusions: As a result of this experiment, Samiunkyungtang is considered to have an inhibitory effect on inflammation and fecal enzyme activity in DSS-induced colitis animal model. Our results indicate that Samiunkyungtang may possess therapeutic effect on the development of DSS-induced colitis.