• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.85-97
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• 2009

Continuous increase of traffic demand has caused confirmed congestion, fuel consumption, emission, safety, etc. as serious social problems at the present time. The Smart Highway Project has been conducted by the supervision of Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affaire to solve such problems since 2007. The Smart Highway Project includes LDWS (Lane Departure Warning System), a system to prevent broadside collisions and accidents, as a sub-technology of road-vehicle associating technologies. This system warns drivers when their vehicle deviates from the lane where they are traveling at high-speed on the highway. In this paper, the LDWS was evaluated using CBA to analyze the socio-economic consequences. Estimated benefits include reduction of accidents and convenience of drivers. In addition, the economics according to the distribution rate is various when it comes to Lane Departure Warning Technology, the economics of both cases - positive scenario and negative scenario, which was analyzed. As a result, the Benefit-Cost ratio(B/C) of negative scenario showed 0.97 in 2020 and 1.36 in 2030 while B/C ratio of the positive scenario showed 1.04 in 2020 and 1.59 in 2030, which indicated that the higher distribution rate is, the higher the economics generates. Therefore, it is judged that the introduction of Lane Departure Warning Technology will result in high economics.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2014

A self-administered questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were conducted on 150 local residents belonging to seven villages, 160 visitors and 86 experts in order to analyze the attitudes of groups of local residents, visitors as well as experts toward the development plan of Sobaeksan Jarak-gil. Reliability analysis and one-way ANOVA were performed on the data collected by a questionnaire survey using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 after coding. The Duncan Test was conducted as a post-hoc test. Based on the analytical results, in economic terms, the expert group expected an increase in income, improvement in living standards and increase in expenditure for the maintenance of local infrastructure. In environmental terms, the visitor group was highly concerned about the disruption of the local natural environment and ecosystem, destruction of local properties and landscape, increase in water/soil/air pollution and increase in solid waste and noise. In social and cultural terms, the expert group had higher expectation for excavation of traditional cultural properties, instillation of local patriotism and pride, and the visitor group was highly concerned about a rise in crime, destruction of indigenous culture/increase in imitations, and induction of conflicts between residents. It is estimated that these results will be used as basic data for establishing the development plan of the mountainous ecological trail reflecting opinions of various groups.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 1993

In order to develop a poultry manure dryer, a pilot dryer was designed and drying experiments were conducted to investigate the drying characteristics of poultry manure. According to the results, the pilot dryer could be operated without any air pollution problems. When poultry manure was dried from 79.2%(w.b. basis) moisture content, the final moisture content ranged from 38.7% to 57.9% depending upon the drying conditions. The drying results showed that drying rate was 189.8~198.0 kg/h and moisture evaporation rate was 124.0~125.4kg-$H_2$O/L. For this drying, electricity requirement was 9.5~19.3 Wh/kg and fuel consumption rate was 6.9~9.3 kg-$H_2$O/L with 50.2~65.1% thermal efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.3-18
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• 2019

Urban sprawl has been criticized due to its negative effects, including the encroachment of farmland and open spaces, the increase in traffic congestion and air pollution, the decline of central city, the decrease in social capital, and the unfairness of tax burdens on infrastructure and public services. This study measures urban sprawl in the capital region of South Korea where the characteristics of urban sprawl have been known to be different from those identified in the U.S. metropolitan areas. In particular, the study examines whether the capital region has experienced the decline of the central city with an expansion of low density residential development in suburban areas. Three measurements, the sprawl index with population density, the ratio of changes in urbanized areas to changes in population, and the population density gradient, were employed to measure urban sprawl, and GIS mapping and descriptive analysis were used to examine the central city decline and the characteristics of development patterns in suburban areas. The results show that the capital region of South Korea is moving to the American style sprawled development with the decline of the central city and an increase of single detached homes in suburban areas, implying that policy makers need to develop growth management strategies to prevent urban sprawl and its negative effects that many U.S. metropolitan areas have suffered from.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2010

This study analyzes the economies of photovoltaic systems in an apartment complex of 1,185 households, in cases of feed-in tariff and subsidy for solar home program of the government. When including the revenue only from electricity sales, NPVs of subsidy and that of feed-in tariff are -560 million KRW and -87 million KRW respectively. With the avoided social cost included without the revenues from CERs, NPVs of subsidy and feed-in tariff are -556 million KRW and -84 million KRW respectively. With the revenues from CERs, NPV of subsidy is -526 million KRW and NPV of feed-in tariff is -54 million KRW. As results of sensitivity analysis based on the changes in capital costs and discount rates, while all scenarios with subsidy including the revenues from CERs are not commercially viable, all scenarios with feed-in tariff exclusive of the revenues from CERs are commercially viable when discount rate is less than 7.2% or capital cost is less than 6,840 thousand KRW/kW. In the cases that include the avoided social cost, while all scenarios with subsidy including the avoided social cost as well as the revenues from CERs are not commercially viable, all scenarios with feed-in tariff are commercially viable without the revenues from CERs when discount rate is less than 7.2% or capital cost is less than 6,856 thousand KRW/KW. The results indicate that the changes in discount rates do not influence the revenues from CERs, but the revenues from electricity sale. Considering that the number of apartment complex and the positive environmental and social benefits from PV system, government needs to promote its diffusion.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.58-90
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• 2017

'공포의 값비싼 대가(The High Cost of Fear)'는 공개된 자료 중 동료 평가를 마친 최신의 자료와 간단한 계산 방법을 통해 한국의 탈원전 정책이 가져올 경제적, 환경적 영향을 분석한 보고서이다. 우리는 탈원전 정책이 다음과 같은 영향을 미칠 것으로 예측한다. ${\cdot}$천연가스 구매에만 최소 매년 100억 달러의 비용이 들 것이다. 이는 한국 평균임금인 연소득 29,125달러를 받는 일자리 343,000개에 해당하는 금액이다. ${\cdot}$비용의 대부분은 연료 수입에 사용될 것이며, 한국의 무역 수지가 악화될 것이다. ${\cdot}$한국의 부족한 재생에너지 자원을 고려할 때, 상당한 양의 화석 연료를 추가로 사용하게 될 것이다. ${\cdot}$LNG 발전소가 석탄 발전소를 대체하지 못하고 원자력발전소를 대체하면서 대기 오염으로 인한 조기 사망자 수가 증가할 것이다. ${\cdot}$한국의 전도유망한 원전 수출 산업이 아예 붕괴되거나 큰 타격을 입을 것이다. ${\cdot}$평균적 미국 자동차의 연간 주행거리를 기준으로 150만대에서 270만대의 미국 자동차가 배출하는 배기가스의 양만큼 연간 탄소 배출이 증가할 것이고, 한국은 파리기후협정에서 약속한 탄소 배출 감축 목표를 달성할 수 없게 된다. 본 보고서는 현재 계획된 탈원전 정책의 역사적 사회적 배경을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. ${\cdot}$'그린피스(Greenpeace)', '지구의 친구들(Friends for the Earth)' 등 막대한 자금 지원을 받는 해외 환경단체들은 탈원전 거짓 정보의 근원이며, 이들은 저렴하고 풍부한 에너지라는 개념을 반대한다. ${\cdot}$후쿠시마 원전 사고와 그 여파의 주된 원인은 일본 원자력산업계의 오만과 원자력에 대한 과장된 집단 공포이다. ${\cdot}$반핵 진영의 논리에는 산업계와 정부에 대한 불신과 원자력, 방사선에 대한 몰이해가 반영되어 있다. ${\cdot}$반핵 진영은 후쿠시마 사고를 2014년 한수원 납품 비리 사태의 심각성을 과장하는 데 사용하고 있다. 2014년의 비리 사태는 한국 원자력 규제기관의 독립성을 증명했으며, 2016년의 경주 지진은 2011년 후쿠시마에서 쓰나미와 노심 용융을 초래한 동일본 대지진의 1/350,000의 크기밖에 되지 않는다. 본 보고서는 한국과 타국가의 반핵 운동이 주는 교훈을 다음과 같이 정리하였다. ${\cdot}$어떠한 국가도 에너지 자원 최빈국인 프랑스나 한국 같은 국가조차도 탈원전 '전쟁'에서 자유롭지 않으며, 이는 전 세계적으로 원자력산업이 쇠퇴하는 원인이다. ${\cdot}$원자력산업계, 정부, IAEA 등은 한국과 세계 여러 국가에서- 문화적, 제도적, 재정적 원인으로 원자력산업의 보호와 확대라는 목표를 달성할 수 없다. ${\cdot}$원자력산업을 구하기 위해서는 새로운 비전과 새로운 제도, 그리고 새로운 리더십이 필요하다. ${\cdot}$원자력의 근원적이고 혁신적인 비전 원자력 인본주의(atomic humanism)에 대한 재조명이 필요하다. ${\cdot}$원자력을 지키고 대중과 소통하기 위해 과학 연구단체, 대학교, 사단법인, NGO 등의 새로운 기관들을 후원해야 한다. ${\cdot}$공포를 조장하는 반원전 세력에 맞서 공포를 극복해야 하고, 대중의 공포를 극복해왔던 다른 기술들의 사례에서 교훈을 얻어야 한다.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.341-349
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• 2021

In combustion facilities, the nitrogen and sulfur in fossil fuels react with oxygen to generate air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NO_X) and sulfur oxides (SO_X), which are harmful to the human body and cause environmental pollution. There are regulations worldwide to reduce NO_X and SO_X, and various technologies are being applied to meet these regulations. There are commercialized methods to reduce NO_X and SO_X emissions such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR), selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD), but due to the disadvantages of these methods, many studies have been conducted to simultaneously remove NO_X and SO_X. However, even in the NO_X and SO_X simultaneous removal methods, there are problems with wastewater generation due to oxidants and absorbents, costs incurred due to the use of catalysts and electrolysis to activate specific oxidants, and the harmfulness of gas oxidants themselves. Therefore, in this research, microbubbles generated in a high-pressure disperser and reducing agents were used to reduce costs and facilitate wastewater treatment in order to compensate for the shortcomings of the NO_X, SO_X simultaneous treatment method. It was confirmed through image processing and ESR (electron spin resonance) analysis that the disperser generates real microbubbles. NO_X and SO_X removal tests according to temperature were also conducted using only microbubbles. In addition, the removal efficiencies of NO_X and SO_X are about 75% and 99% using a reducing agent and microbubbles to reduce wastewater. When a small amount of oxidizing agent was added to this microbubble system, both NO_X and SO_X removal rates achieved 99% or more. Based on these findings, it is expected that this suggested method will contribute to solving the cost and environmental problems associated with the wet oxidation removal method.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.283-295
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• 2011

Many actions against climate change have been taken to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions at home and abroad. As of 2007, the GHGs emitted from buildings accounted for about 23 % of Korea's total GHGs emission, which is the second largest GHG reduction potential following industry. In this study, we introduced Carbon Zero Building (CZB), which was constructed by the National Institute of Environmental Research to cut down GHGs from buildings in Korea, and evaluated the main applied technologies, the amount of energy load and reduced energy, and economic values for CZB to provide data that could be a basis in the future construction of this kind of carbon-neutral buildings. A total of 66 technologies were applied for this building in order to achieve carbon zero emissions. Applied technologies include 30 energy consumption reduction technologies, 18 energy efficiency technologies, and 5 eco-friendly technologies. Out of total annual energy load ($123.8kWh/m^2$), about 40% of energy load ($49kWh/m^2$) was reduced by using passive technologies such as super insulation and use of high efficiency equipments and the other 60% ($74.8kWh/m^2$) was reduced by using active technologies such as solar voltaic, solar thermal, and geothermal energy. The construction cost of CZB was 1.4 times higher than ordinary buildings. However, if active technologies are excluded, the construction cost is similar to that of ordinary buildings. It was estimated that we could save annually about 102 million won directly from energy saving and about 2.2 million won indirectly from additional saving by the reduction in GHGs and atmospheric pollutants. In terms of carbon, we could reduce 100 ton of $CO_2$ emissions per year. In our Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis, the Break Even Point (BEP) for the additional construction cost was estimated to be around 20.6 years.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.11B
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• pp.1346-1356
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• 2011

Transportation has been playing important role in our society by providing for people, freight, and information. However, it cuts its own throat by causing car accidents, traffic congestion, and air pollution. The main cause of these problems is a noticeable growth in the number of vehicles. The easiest way to mitigate these problems is to build new road infrastructures unless resources such as time, money, and space are limited. Therefore, there is a need to manage the existing road infrastructures effectively and safely. In this paper, we propose a road reservation scheme that provides fast and safe response for emergency vehicles using ubiquitous sensor network. Our idea is to allow emergency vehicle to reserve a road on a freeway for arriving to the scene of the accident quickly and safely. We evaluate the performance by three reservation method (No, Hop, and Full) to show that emergency vehicles such as ambulances, fire trucks, or police cars can rapidly and safely reach their destination. Simulation results show that the average speed of road reservation is about 1.09 ~ 1.20 times faster than that of non-reservation at various flow rates. However, road reservation should consider the speed of the emergency vehicle and the road density of the emergency vehicle processing direction, as a result of Hop Reservation and Full Reservation performance comparison analysis. We confirm that road reservation can guarantee safe driving of emergency vehicles without reducing their speed and help to mitigate traffic congestion.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3246-3252
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• 2009

The interest on the recovery of thermal energy using the waste has been rising to solve the problems of continuous increase of waste generation and the depletion of the fossil fuel recently. The incineration has been used most popularly as a treatment process of the waste for the energy recovery. However, it is expected that incineration and design cost will increase in the treatment of air contaminant emitted from incinerator. This research has simulated the actual incinerator and the flue gas treatment system using the Aspen plus which is the software to simulate the chemical process. The incineration process is composed of the 1st and 2nd combustor to burn the waste, SNCR process to reduce the $NO_x$ using the urea, and the steam generation process to save the energy during incineration. The $Ca(OH)_2$ slurry was used as an acid gas (HCl, $SO_2$) treatment materials and the removal efficiency for the products from the neutralization of acid gas in SDA and combustion ash was simulated at the bag filter. The simulation result has been corresponded with the treatment efficiency of emitted gas from the actual industrial waste incinerator and it is presumed to be used to forecast the efficiencies of flue gas treatment system in the future.