• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2011

Although monoculture methods have been remarkably useful due to their simplicity, they have serious limitation because of the different types of cells communication with each other in many physiological situations. We demonstrated levels of markers of endothelial dysfunction such as tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin-1$\beta$ (IL-1$\beta$) as well as stimulation of receptor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on monoand co-culture system such as only monocyte (THP-1) cultivation system, only endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultivation system, and co-cultivation system of THP-1 and HUVEC. The mRNA levels of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ on HUVEC increased by the co-culture with monocyte after 4 hr at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ glyceraldehyde-AGE. The secreted protein contents into medium of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ increased after 8 hr approximately 2~2.5 times compared to mono-cultivation. In contrast, the mRNA level of receptor of AGE (RAGE) was relatively insensitive on the co-culture system. The mediators by which monocytes activate endothelial cell have not been fully elucidated. In this study we confirmed production of soluble cytokines such as TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$ by monocytes. Use of monocyte conditioned medium, which contains both cytokines, can activate endothelial cell.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2016

Naturally occurring antioxidants, such as polyphenols are widely found in fruits, vegetables, wines, juices, and other plant-based dietary sources and are divided into several sub classes, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans. As part of the our ongoing search for bioactive food ingredients, the antioxidant and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation inhibitory activities of the methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Cirsium setidens were investigated in vitro bioassay system. The antioxidant properties were evaluated through radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. In addition, the activity of C. setidens against diabetes complications was also tested via AGEs formation inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents were determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. All tested samples showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging and AGEs inhibitory activities. In particular, the n-butanol (BuOH)-soluble portion showed the most potent radical scavenging activities against DPPH and $ABTS^+$ radicals with $IC_{50}$ values of $24.3{\pm}1.7$ and $25.0{\pm}3.3{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Futhermore, the inhibition of AGEs formation by the n-BuOH-soluble portion ($IC_{50}$ value; $46.0{\pm}1.5{\mu}g/mL$) was higher than that those of the soluble portions for the other solvent. The results showed that C. setidens could be considered as an effective source of natural antioxidants and other ingredients.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2018

In this study, cosmetic materials were developed using a new method of making juice through the fermentation of raw natural materials with microorganisms in order to supplement the advantages and disadvantages of an organic solvent extraction method and a microbial fermentation method. The natural products were selected from two colors (red, green) of paprika known to be rich in various colors and vitamins. The microorganisms used for fermentation were fermented by inoculating paprika with lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum) having sugar-hydrolyzed ability. First, we investigated the changes of physiologically active substances of two kinds of paprika juice and two kinds of fermented paprika juice. Total phenols content and total flavonoids content were higher in the fermented paprika juice than in the paprika juice, and especially in the fermented red paprika juice. Free radical scavenging effect and lipid peroxidation inhibitory effect were also showed an excellent antioxidative effect on paprika fermented juice, among which the effect of red paprika fermentation juice was the highest. The expression of MMP-1 in fermented red paprika juice with high antioxidant activity was inhibited by concentration-dependent expression of MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-1 protein. In the glycation experiments with aging, the anti-glycation effect of fermented paprika juice was highly inhibited by the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), which was closely related to the antioxidant effect. In addition, the activity of senescence-associated ${\beta}$-galactosidase (SA-${\beta}$-gal), an indicator of cell senescence, was measured using human dermal fibroblast (HDF). The results showed that the cell senescence was inhibited when the cells were treated with fermented paprika juice. In conclusion, fermented paprika juice using lactic acid bacteria showed better antioxidative and anti-aging effects than paprika juice. Among them, fermented red paprika juice has the best antioxidant and anti-aging effect and can be applied as natural new material of antioxidant and anti-aging.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.11
• /
• pp.1391-1398
• /
• 2007

We performed a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to determine whether Laminaria japonica extract (LJE) supplement modulates blood glucose, serum lipids and antioxidant systems in type II diabetic patients. We also measured critical parameters assessing safety in liver and kidney functions after LJE supplement. A total of 37 patients (18 males and 19 females) were randomized to either LJE group or placebo group. The treatment group received four 350 mg of LJE capsules (1.4 g, total) per day for 12 weeks. The placebo group received the same dose of cellulose capsules. Baseline characteristics regarding general life style and dietary intake pattern were similar between the two groups. There were no significant influences of LJE supplement except for waist circumference on anthropometric parameters. As the whole, 12 weeks of LJE supplement resulted in a little decrease in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), but a significant decrease was not observed. Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) lowered in LJE group. The antioxidant enzymes, glutathion peroxidase (GSH-px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were elevated in the LJE group (p<0.05) compared to the placebo. The increase of these enzymes was associated significantly with the decrease of MDA concentration (p<0.05). Furthermore, LJE supplement showed no adverse effects on the functions of liver and kidney. Findings from this study suggest that LJE supplement can help improve serum lipid status in type II diabetic subjects without adverse effects.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.43 no.2
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2011

This study investigated the antioxidant effects and physiological activities of extract from various parts of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) such as leaf, flesh, skin and seed. Different dried parts of C. moschata were boiled in ethanol for three hours, evaporated, and lyophilized with a freeze-dryer. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in leaf ($29.62{\pm}0.88mg$ GAE/g DM). The same result was observed in the measurement of the flavonoid content. The leaf extract of C. moschata had stronger DPPH radical-scavenging activities and ABTS-radical scavenging activities than any other part. Leaf extract of C. moschata was found to have the highest ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) value. Meanwhile, at 0.1 mg/mL of all extracts higher degree of tyrosinase inhibitory effects than kojic acid was observed (leaf; 49.58%, flesh; 40.20%, skin; 41.30%, seed; 36.79% and kojic acid; 20.70%). The glycation inhibitory activity decreased in the order leaf>skin>flesh>seed. The ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of seed extract was the highest with a value of 63.58% at the concentration of 1 mg/mL.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.37 no.2 s.145
• /
• pp.103-109
• /
• 2006

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation plays an important role in the progression of diabetic complications. To develop effective herbal formulations with suppression of diabetic nephropathy, a common complication in diabetic patients, we evaluated inhibitory activities of KIOM-79, a new herbal prescription, on the formation of AGEs using in vitro and in vivo model systems. Effects of KIOM-79 on the expression of AGEs, RAGEs (receptor for Advanced glycation end products), type IV collagen and renal $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA was also examined in streptozotocon (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. STZ-induced diabetic rats were treated orally with KIOM-79 (250 and $500\;kg^{-1}$ once a day for 13 weeks). In vitro system KIOM-79 suppressed the formation of AGEs $(18.12\;{\mu}g/ml)$. In STZ-induced diabetic rats showing accumulation of AGE and RAGE, pathological examination revealed that KIOM-79 prevented AGE and RAGE deposition in the kidney. In STZ induced diabetic rats, the expansion of mesangial matrix and the glomerular tufts seemed to be larger than those in normal rats. Howεver, after administration with KIOM-79, mesangial metrix and glomerular volume were decreased, and overexpression of type IV collagen was also decreased. Overexpression of renal $TGF-{\beta}1$ mRNA was inhibited significantly. These results suggest that the KIOM-79 might be an effective herbal prescription to prevent or alleviate the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 2003

Lactic acid bacteria with amylolytic and acid producing activities can ferment starch directly to lactic acid thereby producing a monomer for the production of biodegradable poly lactic acid (PLA). In this study, the strain producing L-lactic acid from soluble starch was isolated from Nuruk. The isolated strain was identified as Enterococcus sp. through its morphological, cultural, biochemical characteristics as well as the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and named Enterococcus sp. JA-27. Enterococcus sp. JA-27 produced exclusively L-lactic acid from soluble starch as a carbon source. The optimal conditions for the maximum production of L-lactic acid from Enterococcus sp. JA-27 were 30 C, pH 8, 1.5 % soluble starch as a substrate and 3.5 % tryptone as a nitrogen source, 0.1 % $K_2$$HPO_4$, 0.04 % $MgSO_4$. $7H_2$O, 0.014 % $MnSO_4$$.$4$H_2O$, 0.004% $FeSO_4$$.$$7H_2$O. Batch and fed batch culture were carried out and the former was more effective. L-Lactic acid production in the optimum medium was significantly increased in a 7 L jar fermenter, where the maximum L-lactic acid concentration was 3 g/L. For the purification of lactic acid in fermented broth, two stage ionexchange column chromatographies were employed and finally identified by HPLC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.6
• /
• pp.727-732
• /
• 2012

The goal of this study is to determine the activities of antioxidants and antiglycation from the extracts of various Capsicum annum (known as pepper) ethanolic extract (CAE). We tested the extracts of Capsicum annum seeds and pericarps using 70% ethanol. The CAE showed antioxidant activities in a 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging assay, ferric-reducing antioxidant power assay, total flavonoid content, and total polyphenol content. Also, the physiological activities of CAE on glycation inhibition activities, anti-${\alpha}$-glucosidase activities, and tyrosinase activities were measured. As a result, green and red Capsicum annuum seeds show higher levels of antioxidant activities. In addition, the physiological activities are also more effective in the seeds than in the plant pericarps. A radar chart proves that antioxidants and physiological activities are more effective coming from the seeds. And the red Capsicum annuum seeds are more effective than the green ones.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.110-117
• /
• 1998

A packed-bed reactor with immobilized transglucosidase (TG) was operated to test the possibility of continuous production of isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) and the effect of concentration and feed rate of substrate solution on the production pattern as well as operational stability The pattern of formation of IMO was the same to the one of soluble TG. The concentrations of glucose and isomaltose produced by the packed-bed reactor were gradually decreased as the flow rates were increased regardless of the concentrations and kinds of maltose solution as substrate. Isomaltotriose showed the same tendency except 10% maltose solution. But the concentration of panose was increased and then decreased as the flow rates were increased. The maximum yield of IMO was 52.1% when 10% (w/v) solution was fed to the reactor at 2 mL./min feed rate. When each 20% and 30% (w/v) solution was respectively used at $0.5{\sim}1.0\;mL/min$, the maximum yield were $39.0{\sim}38.0%\;and\;12.1{\sim}14.2%$. The maximum yield was 36.3% at $0.5{\sim}1.0\;mL/min$ when a commercial maltose product containing 20% maltose was used. The reactor was stably operated at $55^{\circ}C$. 85% and 65% of initial activity was maintained for 144 hours and 288 hours of operation, respectively. A reactor analysis strongly an immobilized TG system could apply to continuous production of IMO.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.348-358
• /
• 2022

Purpose: Hyperglycemia accelerates the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a group of compounds formed via non-enzymatic glycation/glycoxidation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to oxidative stress, resulting in some overgeneration of AGEs. The accumulation of AGEs in T2DM patients leads to increased inflammation, DNA damage, tissue damage, progression of diabetic microvascular disease, and nephropathy. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of heme. Expression of HO-1 in the endothelium and in muscle monocytes/macrophages was upregulated upon exposure to reactive oxygen species or oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Cells activated by oxidative stress are reported to release HO-1 in the serum. In the current study, we discuss the oxidative status according to the level of AGEs and the association of HO-1 with AGEs or urinary DNA damage marker in type 2 diabetic Korean patients. Methods: This study enrolled 36 diabetic patients. Subjects were classified into two groups by serum AGEs level (Low AGEs group: < 0.85 ng/mL serum AGEs; High AGEs group: ≥ 0.85 ng/mL serum AGEs). Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Blood and urinary parameters were measured using commercial kits. Results: No significant differences were observed in the general characteristics and body composition between the two groups. Serum HO-1 concentration was significantly higher in the High AGEs group than in the Low AGEs group. After adjustment of age and gender, a correlation was performed to assess the association between serum HO-1 and serum AGEs or urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Our results indicate that serum HO-1 is positively correlated with serum AGEs and urinary 8-OHdG. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicate that in diabetes patients, a high level of HO-1 is associated with a high concentration of AGEs and 8-OHdG, probably reflecting a protective response against oxidative stress.