• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.26-34
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• 2019

In this paper, a coarse lunar soil model is developed using discrete element method and its computed physical properties are compared with those of the actual lunar soil for its validation. The surface of the actual moon consists of numerous craters and rocks of various sizes, and it is covered with fine dry soil which seriously affects the landing stability of the lunar lander. Therefore, in consideration of the environment of the lunar regolith, the lunar soil is realized using discrete element method. To validate the coarse model of lunar soil, the simulations of the indentation test and the direct shear test are performed to check the physical properties(indentation depth, cohesion stress, internal friction angle). To examine the performance of the proposed model, the drop simulation of finite element model of single-leg landing gear is performed on proposed soil models with different particle diameters. The impact load delivered to the strut of the lander is compared to test results.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 2016

Lidar-based hazard avoidance landing system for lunar lander calculates hazard cost with respect to the desired local landing area in order to identify hazard and designate safe landing point where the cost is minimum basically using slope and roughness of the landing area. In this case, if the parameters are only considered, chosen landing target can be designated near hazard threatening the lander. In order to solve this problem and select optimal safe landing point, hazard cost based on relative distance to hazard should not be considered as well as cost based on terrain parameters. In this paper, the effect of hazard cost based on relative distance to hazard on safe landing performance was analyzed and it was confirmed that landing site designation with two relative distances to hazard results in the best safe landing performance by an experiment using three-dimensional depth camera.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-107
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• 2014

Korea Aerospace Research Institute has a plan to launch experimental lunar orbiter in 2017, and lunar orbiter and lander in 2020. In the mission planning phase, LOI(Lunar Orbit Insertion) maneuver strategy should be designed using finite burn model because on-board propulsion system of lunar orbiter in finite burn type. LOI maneuver plan and amount of required ${\Delta}V$ using finite burn model depend on the spacecraft attitude at burn, a type of propellant, thrust level and burn timing. This paper describes the LOI maneuver of lunar orbiter of foreign space agency and then comes up with the LOI maneuver plan of Korean lunar orbiter. Adequate thrust level and burn duration of Korean lunar orbiter also present by performing simulation.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.20
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• pp.22-25
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• 2003

단순한 공항 역할을 벗어나 복합문화위락단지로 거듭나고 있는 김포공항에 3차에 걸친 조명분야 ESCO사업이 착륙했다. 한국공항공사 전기통신처는 국내선 청사의 2만5천개에 달하는 조명기기를 지난 99년 1월 고효율에너지기자재로 교체하는 ESCO사업을 실시한 데 이어 다른곳에도 두 차례 추가ESCO사업을 추진할 정도로 효율적이고도 적극적인 에너지절감활동을 전개해나가고 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.519-520
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• 2012

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2015

This paper deals with dynamic modeling and controller design of a future Korean lunar module planned to be launched 2020's in Korea. For dynamic modeling of the lunar module, we first assume the lunar module as a rigid body. And we derive equations of motion for the lunar module by considering allocation of main thrusters and reaction thrusters. With the equation of motion, we design the controller based on the quaternion. A Pulse Width Pulse Frequency modulator(PWPFM) is selected for generating on/off signal. Finally, we construct a 2-phase descent mode including initial guidance mode, terminal guidance mode. The MATLAB simulation is performed for evaluating the descent ability and final landing velocity. The dynamic modeling and descent simulation of the lunar module in this paper could be applied for developing the future work of the Korean lunar exploration program.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.156.2-156.2
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• 2012

국내의 우주개발진흥기본 계획에 의거하여 2020년 달 궤도선을 시작으로 2025년에는 달착륙선을 개발하여 달탐사에 참여하는 계획이 수립되었다. 달 탐사선이 발사되어 궤도에 진입하면 지상의 기지국과 명령/상태신호로 통신한다. 이러한 무선통신은 국제기구에서 제시된 주파수 스펙트럼을 기준으로 선정되어야 외부 시스템에 영향을 주거나 간섭을 받지 않는 안정적으로 무선통신을 수행할 수 있다. 주파수 스펙트럼 확보는 중요하여 달 탐사선이 발사되는 최소 7년 전부터 필요 주파수 대역을 선정하여 국제기구에 등록하여 허가를 받아야 한다. 본 논문에서는 앞으로 발사하게 되는 달 탐사선이 운용할 수 있는 주파수 대역 선정에 적절한 자료를 제공하기 위해 국제전기통신(ITU) 우주응용분야 보고서를 참조하여 Deep space 주파수 대역별 성능을 비교한 내용을 제시하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2019

In case of unmanned aerial vehicles used in modern society, there has been a problem where a human operator should be still needed to control the UAV because of a lower level of autonomy. In this paper, genetic algorithm is selected as a methodology for the autonomy accomplishment and then we verify a possibility of UAV autonomy by applying the GA. The landing is one of the important classical tasks on aerial vehicle and the lunar Landing is one of the most historical events. Autonomy possibility of computer-simulated UAV is verified by landing autonomy method of a falling body equipped with a propulsion system similar to the lunar Lander. When applying the GA, the genom is encoded only with 4 actions (left-turn, right-turn, thrust, and free-fall) and applied onto the falling body, Then we applied the major operations of GA and achieved a success experiment. A major contribution is to construct a simulated UAV where an autonomy of UAV can be accomplished while minimizing the sensor dependency. Also we implemented a test-bed where the possibility of autonomy accomplishment by applying the GA can be verified.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.169.1-169.1
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• 2012

한국항공우주연구원에서는 2010년부터 달착륙선 지상 시험모델 개발을 진행하고 있으며 2012년 하반기에 추력 시험을 비롯한 전반적인 전장계 및 소프트웨어계 통합 시험을 계획하고 있다. 본 통합 시험은 탑재 컴퓨터와 VDE를 비롯한 전자 장비가 올바르게 동작하고 있는지 확인하고 소프트웨어가 이들을 잘 제어하고 있는지에 대한 시험 및 하이드라진 추력 시스템에서 본체로부터 명령을 잘 전송받아 적절한 추력을 발생시키고 있는지에 대한 시험 2가지로 크게 구분된다. 통합시험을 통해서 통신 시험용 도구(LECT, Lunar Explorer Communication Tool)에 대한 성능 검증도 같이 수행될 예정이다. 소프트웨어계에 대해서는 각 소프트웨어 모듈에 대한 단위 시험 및 통신 시험용 도구와 연결될 상태에서 통합 성능 시험이 수행될 예정이다. 통합 시험을 앞두고 전장계 및 소프트웨어계의 최종 성능 점검을 위해서 데이터 획득 시스템을 구성하여 입력 및 출력을 모든 채널에 대해서 관찰함으로 다양한 운용 시나리오 하에서 예측된 결과를 보이는지 확인할 예정이며 본 논문에서는 상기 최종 점검 환경에 대한 개념 및 규격, 그리고 제작, 운용 및 시험에 대한 내용을 기술한다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 2018

As the Moon's scientific, technological, and economic value has increased, major space agencies around the world are leading lunar exploration projects by establishing a road map to develop lunar resources and to construct a lunar base. In addition, as the lunar base construction requires huge amounts of resources from the Earth, lunar in-situ construction technology is being developed to produce construction materials from local lunar resources. On the other hand, the characteristics of lunar topography and resources vary spatially due to the crustal and volcanic activities inside the Moon as well as the solar wind and meteorites from outside the Moon. Therefore, in this paper, the geospatial analysis of lunar resource distribution was conducted to suggest regional consideration factors to apply the lunar in situ construction technologies. In addition, the lunar topographic condition to select construction sites was suggested to ensure the safe landing of a lunar lander and the easy maneuvering of a rover. The lunar topographic and resource information mainly from lunar orbiters were limited to the lunar surface with a low spatial resolution. Rover-based lunar exploration in the near future is expected to provide valuable information to develop lunar in situ construction technology and select candidate sites for lunar base construction.