• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.49-55
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• 2023

The discovery of lunar ice in the lunar polar region has fueled international interest in in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and the construction of lunar habitats. Unlike Earth's atmosphere, the Moon presents unique challenges, including frequent meteoroid impacts, direct exposure to space radiation, and extreme temperature variations. To safeguard lunar habitats from these threats, the construction of a protective shield is essential. Lunar regolith, as a construction material, offers distinct advantages, reducing transportation costs and ensuring a sustainable supply of raw materials. Moreover, it streamlines manufacturing, integration schedules, and enables easy repairs and modifications without Earth resupply. Adjusting the shield's thickness within the habitat's structural limits remains feasible as lunar conditions evolve. Although extensive research on protective shields using lunar regolith has been conducted, unresolved conflicts persist regarding shield requirements. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of the primary lunar threats and suggests a minimum shield thickness of 2 m using lunar regolith. Furthermore, it outlines the necessary technology for the rapid construction of such protective shields.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.839-856
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• 2022

Over the last decade, the competition for space development has accelerated. The world's largest space agencies are aiming toward long-term lunar exploration and manned missions. For sustainable and safe lunar exploration, construction of infrastructures that include various habitats is essential. However, transporting construction materials from Earth for lunar base construction is extremely expensive. Thus, technologies for manufacturing construction materials using in-situ resources from the moon should be advanced. The sintering techniques have been actively studied using lunar soil. In this review, five sintering technologies, including radiation, solar, spark plasma, laser, and microwave sintering, for manufacturing construction materials using lunar soil are introduced, and future research is discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.5-17
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• 2021

The Moon has been an attractive planet as an outpost for deep space exploration since He-3 and water ice which can be used as energy resources were discovered. In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) construction material fabrication method is required for sustainable space planet exploration. In this paper, the possibility of microwave sintering technology for construction material fabrication was evaluated using lunar regolith that can be easily collected from the Moon surface. Experimental assessment of the influence factors on microwave sintering was conducted using a hybrid sintering system for efficient processing. The heat distribution in the furnace was observed using thermal paper that is coated with a material formulated to change color when exposed to heat. Based on this result, sintered cylindrical KLS-1s with a diameter of 1 cm and a height of 2 cm were fabricated. Densities were measured for the sintered KLS-1s under rotating turntable conditions that have an effect of microwave dispersion. The more dielectrics were arranged, the more microwaves were dispersed reducing the heat concentration, and thus a uniformity of sintered KLS-1s was enhanced.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.571-580
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• 2020

In this study, an experimental study on storage media for thermal energy storage system was conducted. For thermal energy storage medium, concrete has excellent thermal and mechanical properties and also has various advantages due to its low cost. In addition, the ultra-high strength concrete reinforced by steel fibers exhibits excellent durability against exposure to high temperatures due to its high toughness and high strength characteristics. Moreover, the high thermal conductivity of steel fibers has an advantageous effect on heat storage and heat dissipation. Therefore, to investigate the temperature distribution characteristics of ultra-high-strength concrete, concrete blocks were fabricated and a heating test was performed by applying high-temperature thermal cycles. The heat transfer pipe was buried in the center of the concrete block for heat transfer by heat fluid flow. In order to explore the temperature distribution characteristics according to different shapes of the heat transfer pipe, a round pipe and a longitudinal fin pipe were used. The temperature distribution at the differnent thermal cycles were analyzed, and the thermal energy and the cumulated thermal energy over time were calculated and analyzed for comparison based on test results.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.497-510
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• 2022

Monthly monitoring, 3D scan survey, and electrical resistivity survey were conducted from January 2018 to August 2022 to identify the cause of rockfall occurring in Daljeon-ri Columnar Joint (Natural Monument No. 415), Pohang. A total of 3,231 rocks fell from the columnar joint over the past 5 years, and 1,521 (47%) of the falling rocks were below 20 cm in length, 978 (30.3%) of 20-30 cm, and 732 (22.7%) of rocks over 30 cm. While the number of rockfalls by year has decreased since 2018, the frequency of rockfalls bigger than 30 cm tends to increase. Large-scale rockfalls occurred mainly during the thawing season (March-April) and the rainy season (June-July), and the analysis of the relationship between cumulative rainfall and rockfall occurrence showed that cumulative rainfall for 3 to 4 days is also closely related to the occurrence of rockfall. Smectite and illite, which are expansible clay minerals, were observed in XRD analysis of the slope material (filling minerals) in the columnar joint, and the presence of a fault fracture zone was confirmed in the electrical resistivity survey. In addition, the confirmed fault fracture zone and the maximum erosion point analyzed through 3D precision measurement coincided with the main rockfall occurrence point observed by the BTC-6PXD camera. Therefore, the main cause of rockfall at Daljeon-ri columnar joint in Pohang is a combination of internal factors (development of fault fracture zones and joints, weathering of rocks, presence of expansive clay minerals) and external factors (precipitation, rapid thawing phenomenon), resulting in large-scale rockfall. Meanwhile, it was also confirmed that the Pohang-Gyeongju earthquake, which was continuously raised, was not the main cause.

• Proceedings of the KGS Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.120-123
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• 2002

본 연구는 농천어메니티의 개념을 토대로 농촌주민과 도시민의 가치라고 할 수 있는 정주기능으로서의 생활자원화와 방문가치로서의 관광자원화로 구분하고, 이를 토대로 도시민과 농촌주민, 전문가들을 대상으로 농촌자원의 중요도와 순위적 관계를 분석하였다. 구체적인 연구결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 농촌자원을 자연적 자원과 문화적 자원, 사회적 자원으로 구분하여 37개 자원을 설정하였다. 이러한 농촌자원은 농촌어메니티를 형성하거나 형성에 영향을 미치는 대상이라고 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 이러한 농촌자원은 농촌주민과 도시민이 지닌 가치에 기초하여 생활자원적 가치와 관광가치적 가치를 동시에 혹은 차등적으로 지닐 수 있다. 이러한 관점은 농촌자원에 대한 중요도 평균에 대한 차이검증(t-test)을 수행한 결과 전체 자원의 56.8%에 해당하는 21개가 유의미한 차이를 보인 결과에 의해 지지를 받는다. 셋째, 농촌자원에 대한 순위적 상관관계분석에서도 전문가와 전체집단에서 생활자원과 관광자원에 대한 순위상관관계가 의미가 없는 것으로 나타나 위의 두번째 결과를 지지하고 있다. 이러한 결과는 농촌자원의 개발 방향과 가치부여가 자원의 속성에 따라 차등적으로 진행되어져야 함을 보여준다. 다섯째, 농촌자원의 유형을 생활자원화와 관광자원화에 대한 중요도의 표준화 점수에 기초하여 4개 유형(유형 I~IV)으로 구분하였다. 이러한 유형별 자원중요도를 고려하여 농촌마을의 개발목적에 비추어 생활자원형이나 관광자원형과의 연계를 통해 마을의 정체성과 특성화에 기여할 수 있도록 해야 할 것이다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)를 고지도와 지리지.읍지를 통하여 살펴봄으로써 변한 것과 변하지 않는 것을 분석하여 시대상의 복원과 지역사회의 정체성 확립에 일조하고자 한다.곡물의 여러 줄기가 합수하고 물이 역류하지 않으며 잘 감아도는 곳으로 표현할 수 있다 이러한 명당의 기본적인 원리는 장풍(藏風)과 득수득파(得水得破)이다. 장풍과 득수란 '국'(局), 즉 산줄기와 수계로 이루어진 일정한 범위 속에 만물이 생태계 속에서 살아가는 모습인 '체형(體形)'의 의미가 나타나야 한다는 것이다. 그러나 이러한 의미는 시대에 따라 달라질 수 있는 것이다.면적의 52%를 점유하여 감자 재배지의 핵심지를 이룬다. 4. 한국 감자 재배지역 중심지의 지리적 특징은, 높은 산지지역의 산록완사면에 밭작물로 재배된다는 점과 교통이 불편한 지역으로서 도시화와 산업화 지역의 그늘 지역이 대부분이다. 강원도의 감자 재배지는 감자재배에 적합한 자연환경과 화전농업의 전통, 감자 재배기술의 전파, 중앙정부와 지방정부가 지원하는 각종 연구소 분포와 영농지도, 씨감자 생산과 협동조합의 판로 개척, 도로 개설과 포장 등의 인문지리적 요인이 영농조건을 개선하고 감자 판매를 위한 시장접근을 용이하게 하여, 남한 최대의 감자 재배지역을 형성하였다. 제주도는 산지지형과 따뜻한 기온으로 2기작이 가능하고, 감자가공 공장설립과 교통발달에 따른 육지 시장과의 접근이 용이해졌기 때문에 남한에서 2번째로 큰 감자재배지역이 되었다.(요약 및 결론에서 발췌)그람양성균에서 효과적이었으며, 농도별 항균력시험 결과 농도가 증가할수록 비례하여 저해율도 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 첨가농도를 달

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.313-374
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• 2020

The idea of creating a new International Space Agency (ISA) is only my academic and practical opinion. It is necessary for us to establish ISA as an international organization for the efficient and rapid exploitation of natural resources in the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. The establishment of ISA as a new international regime is based on the Article 11, 5 and Article 18 of the 1979 Moon Agreement. In order to establish as a preliminary procedure, it needs to make a "Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of an International Space Agency" among the space-faring countries. In this paper, I was examined the domestic space legislation in the United States, Luxembourg, European Space Agency, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea as well as space exploration and planning of the moons, Mars, Asteroids, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan and Other Celestial Bodies. The creation of an ISA would lead to a strengthening of the cooperation needed essentially by the developed countries towards joint and cooperative undertakings in space and would act as a catalyst for the space exploration and exploitation of the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. It will be managed effectively and centrally the exploitation and exploitation of space the natural resources, technology, manpower and finances as an independent organization in order to get the benefit of the space developed countries by ISA. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish ISA in order to promote cooperation in space policy, law, science technology and industry among the space developed countries in the near future. The establishment of the ISA will be promoted the international cooperation among the space-faring countries in exploration and exploitations of the natural resources in the moon and other celestial bodies. I would propose the "Draft for the Convention for the Establishment of an International Space Agency." in refering the "Convention for the Establishment of a European Space Agency." This "Draft for the Convention Convention for the Establishment of an ISA" must pass the abovementioned "Draft for the Convention" by two-third majority of Diplomatic Conference in the UNCOPUOS. Finally, a very important point is need that a political drive at the highest level and a solemn statement by heads of state of the space devloped countries including the United Nations for the space exploitation of the medium and long term. It should be noted that this political drive will be necessary not only to set up the organization, but also during a subsequent period. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish the ISA in order to develop the space industry, to strengthen friendly relations and to promote research cooperation among the space-faring countries based on the new ideology and creative ideas. If the heads of the superpowers including the United Nations will be agreed to establish ISA at a summit conference, 1 am sure that it is possible to establish an ISA in the near future.

• 산림경영
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• s.188
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• pp.6-9
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• 2008

연기후변화를 막는 데 숲은 매우 중요한 자원이다. 탄소를 흡수하기 때문이다. 이런 숲이 정작 기후변화 때문에 위태로운 지경이다. 올봄에도 수락산, 북한산 등의 수도권 인근 산을 비롯해 전국 62곳에 달하는 산에서 1만여 그루가 넘는 참나무가 잘려나갔다. 참나무의 흑사병이라고 불리는 '시듦병' 때문이다. 좀벌레들이 지구온난화에 따른 기온 상승으로 활동 주기가 빨라져 피해가 컸다고 한다. 기후변화 리더십 과정 제6강은 장마가 시작되기 하루 전인 지난 6월 16일, 서울 동대문구 회기로에 위치한 국립산림과학원 홍릉 수목원에서 진행됐다. '탄소를 담는 그릇'으로서 숲의 가치를 되짚어보는 두 전문가의 강연을 들은 뒤, 수강생들은 숲 체험 교육을 받았다. 그리고 파란 하늘 아래 신선한 녹음 속에서 힘찬 목소리로 '저탄소 경영' 선언문을 낭독했다.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.150
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• pp.114-117
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• 2005

(사)한국파렛트컨테이너협회가 주관하고 산업자원부와 기술표준원이 후원하는 '2005 한국파렛트컨테이너산업대상'시상식이 지난 달 9일 대한상공회의소에서 개최됐다. 이번 한국파렛트컨테이너산업대상에는파렛트분야에 삼영물류 등 4개 업체, 컨테이너분야에 이건산업(주) 등 5개 업체, 공로상에 한국파렛트풀(주) 서병륜 대표이사가 선정됐다. 2004년부터 시작된 '한국파렛트컨테이너산업대상'은 국내 물류산업의 혁신을 위하여 표준파렛트와 컨테이너를 생산 또는 사용하고 있는 우수업체 및 개인을 발굴, 시상하여 물류효율화와 일관수송시스템의 보급∙확산에 기여하고 있다. 본고에서는 수상업체들의 활약상을 살펴본다.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 2000

Resource-constrained project scheduling is to allocate limited resources to activities to optimize certain objective functions and to determine a start time for each activity in the project such that precedence constraints and resource requirements are satisfied. This study suggests a multi-project scheduling model which can level work loads, make the most of production capacity and restrain the delay of delivery by developing a heuristic algorithm which minimizes the project completion time and maximizes the load rate under resource constraints.