• Resources Recycling
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.22-32
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• 2015

This study aims to discuss the concept of upcycling as it applies to diaper recycling. Upcycling is the process of converting waste materials into new products of better quality. Through benchmarking of upcycling examples, useless objects can be transformed into valuable materials. However, current upcycling examples determine value creation related to qualitative elements, so that it is difficult to establish any quantitative strategy of upcycled products. Therefore, this study expands a B2B (Business to business) product for improving market availability and establishes a direction using both recovered pulp and mixed plastic at the same time. As a result, the upcycling method for recovered pulp and mixed plastics, is the application of a cellulose insulator. Within the near future, the high quality insulator market will grow more than three times. An upcycling strategy targeting the high quality insulator market needs to be established.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.327-337
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• 2001

To verify the characteristics of groundwater inflow accompanied by the tunnel excavation, the flow rate was measured before and after primary grouting. The relationship between the flow rate and fracture system was also analyzed. The initial flow rate was estimated as 120,990 m$^3$/day through six zones, which were characterized by a large amount of inflow before the primary grouting. After the primary grouting, although considerable amount of inflow was still recognized at the six zones, the flow rate was greatly reduced as 42,844 m$^3$/day. However, great recovery of water levels was not observed. Groundwater flow into the tunnel by excavation of the tunnel is mainly controlled by the fracture system that include faults and joints developed in the host rocks. Four sets of discontinuities affecting on the network of grondwater inflow in the study area were identified as follows: N60-85$^{\circ}C$ W.25$^{\circ}$SW/80$^{\circ}$SW(TSet 1), N40-50$^{\circ}$E.85$^{\circ}$SE/85$^{\circ}$NE(TSet 2), N10-20$^{\circ}$E.85$^{\circ}$SE(TSet 3), and N70-80$^{\circ}$E.80SE(TSet 4).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.267-270
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• 2002

금정터널 굴착 공사의 실시 설계를 위하여 굴착시 발생하게될 터널내로의 지하수 유출과 관련된 수리지질학적 특성을 연구하였다. 단열들에 대한 정보를 얻기 위하여 지표지질조사 및 지질구조조사를 실시하였다. 연구지역의 투수성을 파악하기 위하여 토양의 물리적, 공학적 특성을 규명하였고, 또한 정압주입시험을 실시하였다. 선구조선의 우세방향은 북북동-남남서 방향으로 동래단층 및 동래단층과 관련된 단층군들이 포함된다. 토양시료의 시험결과, 산정된 수리전도도는 2.l9E-05 m/sec ~ 2.11E-04 m/sec 로서 투수성이 빠름 ~ 매우 빠른 범위 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 주입시험에 의해 산정된 수리전도도는 2.28E-10 m/sec ~ 1.49E-06 m/sec 로서 최대값과 최소값은 4 차수(four order)의 차이를 보였다.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.381-393
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• 2014

Seismic reflection data are integrated with fieldwork data in order to understand startigraphy, structural geology and hydrocarbon potentials of Cretaceous strata in the Mesopotamian basin, Northeastern Iraq. Cretaceous strata in the basin divided into the Qamchuqa, Kometan, Bekhme and Shiranish formations, which are composed of carbonates deposited in shallow marine environment. The geological structures in these formations are mainly recognized as thrusts, detachment folds, fault propagation folds and fault bend folds. As well, NW-SE trending fractures are regularly developed, and are horizontal or perpendicular to the structures. The distribution and frequency of fractures are related to the development of the thrusts. In terms of hydrocarbon potentials, Cretaceous strata in the basin have limited capacities for source rocks and seal rocks due to the lack of organic carbon content and the well-developed fractures, respectively. Although these carbonates have limited primary porosity, however, development of the secondary porosity derived from the fractures contributes to enhance the reservoir quality. Most important factor for the reservoir quality of Cretaceous strata seems to be the frequency and connectivity of fractures relative to locations of folds and faults. The results delineated in this study will use as reference for recognizing stratigraphy and structures of Cretaceous strata and will provide useful information on hydrocarbon potentials of Cretaceous strata in the Mesopotamian basin, NE Iraq.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.447-453
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• 2003

연구지역은 경남 양산시 상북면 삼삼리 일원으로 양산단층과 인접하며 급한 경사의 자연사면으로 이루어져 있다. 수치지형자료를 이용하여 고도값을 갖는 자료층을 추출한 후 10m$\times$10m 크기의 격자별로 DEM으로 변환하고, 이로부터 단위 격자의 경사도, 경사방향도, 음영도를 작성하고 흐름분배 알고리즘을 이용하여 설정된 격자별로 상부사면의 기여면적과 습윤지수를 산정하였다. 높은 습윤지수를 보이는 지역은 북서-남동 방향의 선형구조로 나타나며, 국소지역의 전단단열 특성과 일치한다. 한편 연구지역에서 전기비저항 탐사를 실시하여 높은 습윤지수를 나타내는 지역과 저비저항 이상대의 분포를 비교한 결과 습윤지수가 높은 지역은 모두 낮은 전기비저항 이상대로 관찰된다. 즉 습윤지수는 암석의 화학적 풍화를 수반하는 파쇄대의 분포와 일치하며 이를 토대로 국소지역에서 파쇄대의 예측과 암석의 안정성을 예측하는 방법으로 이용될 수 있다.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 1984

2차원 채널 입구에서의 꿰떼 난류 유동하는 찬 물 위를, 같은 방향으로 빠르게 난류 유동하는 수증기의 응축은 액체필름 초기상태의 과냉 정도에 의하여서 응축능력이 정하여진다. 수증기와 액체의 채널 입구에서의 균일한 속도 및 온도, 그리고 채널 입구에서 액체와 증기가 차지하는 체적비, 즉 액체필름과 채널 높이를 알고 있을 때, 하류로 유동하면서 응축이 일어나는 현상을 예측하는 모델을 제안하고, 실험치와 비교한 것이다. 채널 입구에서 윗쪽으로는 더운 기체, 아래쪽으로는 찬 액체가 평행한 방향으로 유동하면서 접촉하고 평균적인 액체필름의 두께와 단열된 채널 벽체를 가정하여서, 기본방정식으로 연속방정식, 운동방정식을 세우고. 에너지와 운동량 전달 메카니즘 사이에 유사성이 존재한다고 가정하였으며, 전단응력의 크기는 필자의 모델을 적용하였다. 기본방정식을 기체 속도, 액체 속도, 필름의 두께, 압력에 대해서 수치해를 구하여서 동일조건 하에서 실험한 데이터와 비교하였다. 수증기와 액체 경계면에서의 전단응력은 매우 좋은 일치를 보여주고 있다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2016

We present the results of two-dimensional numerical simulations predicting the flow of groundwater in a fractured unsaturated zone. We applied the k-field distribution of permeability derived from discrete fracture network (DFN) modeling as the hydraulic properties of a model domain. To model an unsaturated zone, we set the depth from the ground surface to the underground aquifer. The rate of water infiltration into the unsaturated zone was divided into two parts, an artificial structure surface and unsaturated soil zone. The movement of groundwater through the unsaturated zone was simulated with particular emphasis on contaminant transport. It was clearly observed that the contaminants dissolved in groundwater transported vertically from the ground surface to the saturated zone.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.307-313
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• 2016

When liquefied natural gas (LNG) is stored in a tank, it is necessary to maintain low temperature. It is very important that insulation techniques are applied to the LNG cargo because of this extreme environment. Hence, laminated wood, especially plywood, is widely used as the structural member and insulation material in LNG cargo containment systems (CCS). However, fracture of plywood has been reported recently, owing to sloshing effect. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the strength of the structural member for solving the problem. In this study, compressed wood, which is used as a support in LNG independent type B tanks, was considered as a substitute for plywood. Compression and bending tests were performed on compressed wood under ambient and cryogenic temperatures to estimate the mechanical behaviors and fracture characteristics. In addition, the direction normal to the laminates surface was considered as an experimental variable. Finally, the feasibility of using compressed wood for an LNG CCS was evaluated from the test results.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

In order to assess the fault behavior by the geometric analysis of fault slip, the study area between Yangsan city and Shinkwang-myon, Pohang city along the strike of the Yangsan fault is divided into 5 domains($A{\sim}E$ domains) based on the strike change of main fault, the type of fault termination, the cyclic variation of fault zone width, deformation pattern of fault rocks and angular deviation of secondary shears. And, we would apply the relationship between the mode of fault sliding and the resultant deformation texture obtained from previous several experimental studies of simulated fault gouge to the study of the Yangsan fault. To understand sliding behavior of the fault we measured the data of fault attitude and fault slip, and analyzed relationships between the main fault and secondary Riedel shear along the Yangsan fault. The sliding behavioral patterns in each section were analyzed as followings; the straight sections of A, D and E domains were analyzed as the creeping section of stably sliding. In contrast, the curved section of B domain was analyzed as the locked section of stick-slip movement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.30-30
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• 1999

샌드위치 복합재는 단일 부재의 금속재나 복합재에 비해 높은 비강성과 비강도를 얻을 수 있을 뿐 아니라 면재와 코아를 적절하게 조합하면 우수한 피로특성, 단열성, 흡음성 등을 얻을 수 있기 때문에 항공기, 철도차량, 선박, 냉동컨테이너, 건축재 등에 널리 활용되고 있다. 대부분의 샌드위치 복합재는 면재와 코아를 일차 또는 이차 선착을 통해 제작하기 때문에 운용 중 샌드위치 복합재에 가해질 수 있는 충격하중 등으로 인해 면재와 코아 사이의 층간분리, 면재의 인장파괴, 코아의 압축파괴, 코아의 진단파괴 등과 같은 손상이 생길 우려가 있다. 최근에는 샌드위치 복합재가 갖는 이러한 문제점들을 해결하기 위한 방편으로 코아의 양면에 부착된 면재들을 코아의 두께방향으로 스티칭함으로써 서로 일체형으로 결합시킨 형태인 스티칭된 샌드위치 복합재의 개발이 시도되고 있다.