• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-110
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of visual representation used in problem solving process and examine the representation types the students used to successfully solve the problem and focus on systematizing the visual representation method using the condition students suggest in the problems. To achieve the goal of this study, following questions have been raised. (1) what characteristic does the representation the elementary school students used in the process of solving a math problem possess? (2) what types of representation did students use in order to successfully solve elementary math problem? 240 4th graders attending J Elementary School located in Seoul participated in this study. Qualitative methodology was used for data analysis, and the analysis suggested representation method the students use in problem solving process and then suggested the representation that can successfully solve five different problems. The results of the study as follow. First, the students are not familiar with representing with various methods in the problem solving process. Students tend to solve the problem using equations rather than drawing a diagram when they can not find a word that gives a hint to draw a diagram. The method students used to restate the problem was mostly rewriting the problem, and they could not utilize a table that is essential in solving the problem. Thus, various errors were found. Students did not simplify the complicated problem to find the pattern to solve the problem. Second, the image and strategy created as the problem was read and the affected greatly in solving the problem. The first image created as the problem was read made students to draw different diagram and make them choose different strategies. The study showed the importance of first image by most of the students who do not pass the trial and error step and use the strategy they chose first. Third, the students who successfully solved the problems do not solely depend on the equation but put them in the form which information are decoded. They do not write difficult equation that they can not solve, but put them into a simplified equation that know to solve the problem. On fraction problems, they draw a diagram to solve the problem without calculation, Fourth, the students who. successfully solved the problem drew clear diagram that can be understood with intuition. By representing visually, unnecessary information were omitted and used simple image were drawn using symbol or lines, and to clarify the relationship between the information, numeric explanation was added. In addition, they restricted use of complicated motion line and dividing line, proper noun in the word problems were not changed into abbreviation or symbols to clearly restate the problem. Adding additional information was useful source in solving the problem.

• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.981-1001
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• 2016

At old age, as people depend on superficial clues when they interpret the overall context of communication, their ability to understand connotative and figurative words and articles could deteriorate. In this study, 50 normal young(junior) people and normal old(senior) people were made to perform a task to understand similes, metaphors, idioms, and proverbs, the sub-areas of figurative language. For the task, participants were made to understand a paragraph consisting of several sentences and select a correct answer representing appropriate figurative language. As a result of the analysis, first, old people showed a lower level of performance than young people in all the sub-areas of figurative language. Second, in understanding idiomatic words and proverbs, old people showed a lower level of performance due to unfamiliarity. Third, for the types of wrong answers, old people mostly understood only the literal meanings in all the sub-areas of figurative language. Due to aging, old people come to have a lowered level of the pragmatic language ability, reasoning ability, and inhibiting ability to efficiently communicate with others considering certain situations and contexts. Thus, old people could have difficulties in understanding inner meanings from others in daily communication.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.37
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• pp.121-150
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• 2004

As genre of Buddhist paintings that express generally mountains and waters, there are Eight Scenes from Life of the Buddha(八相圖), Eternal Life Painting(甘露圖), Avalokitesvara Painting(觀音菩薩圖) includes Sixteen Lohans painting(十六羅漢圖), and Hermit Painting(獨聖圖), or Mountain God Painting(山神圖) which is especially appeared in late Chosun Period. These Buddhist paintings had various backgrounds including mountains and waters, the tradition of Water Ink Painting still remains after 18th century, however the trends got complicated to express various landscapes including splendid color, waters and mountains, and it appeared to have historical trend with introduction of factors of Minhwa(民畵) so called in 19th century. Sixteen Lohans painting painted from late 19th to early 20th century, still contains the traditional factors in terms of describing background among above trends, however the main factors of expressing the background are different from other Buddhist painting which reflects historical art trends in colors and its materials by drawing various background distinctively. That is, Sixteen Lohans painting is distinct at describing the background of blue & green colored mountains and waters that is appeared in trend of Minhwa(民畵) and the royal which were popular at that time It also shows broad acceptance with introduction of new background expressions such as Sipjangsang(十長生, Picture of 10 different things of Sun, Mountain, Water, Stone, Cloud, Pine, Plant of eternal youth, tortoise, Crane, and deer to hope the eternal life) Unryoung(雲龍, Dragon Cloud), Mangho(猛虎, Wild Tiger), Gweseck(怪石, Oddly shaped stone), Hwajo(花鳥, Flowers and Birds), Chaekgoeri(冊巨里, The books and bookshaves). In terms of its materials, positive representations of eternal life, wealth and luck were mainly appeared, this is closely related with Self-Search of Buddhist which was the trend at that time that Buddhist turned into the popularized religion in Chosun Period, especially the cooperation of popular belief with Taoism. This is appeared on various Taoists that is expressed in Buddhist paintings of Sixteen Lohans painting at that time. It would provide some clauses to infer the painted years of existing Minhwa at the fixed type of folk story paintings appeared on Sixteen Lohans painting painted mainly from late 19th to early 20th Century. There is also a possibility of the active participation of Buddhist painters(佛畵僧) as painters of Minhwa by request and demands from common people. Inquiry into factors of folk story paintings among Buddhist paintings started from similarity of the materials and shapes, however it doesn't seem to have dramatically expressed comic or exceptional techniques. But, the fact that there are similar types of decorative pictures in the Royal Court rather seemed to be possible for Buddhist paintings to have functions as religion.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2009

Music evokes human emotions or creates music moods through various low-level musical features. Typical music clip consists of one or more moods and this can be used as an important criteria for determining the similarity between music clips. In this paper, we propose a new music retrieval scheme based on the mood change patterns of music clips. For this, we first divide music clips into segments based on low level musical features. Then, we apply K-means clustering algorithm for grouping them into clusters with similar features. By assigning a unique mood symbol for each cluster, we can represent each music clip by a sequence of mood symbols. Finally, to estimate the similarity of music clips, we measure the similarity of their musical mood sequence using the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) algorithm. To evaluate the performance of our scheme, we carried out various experiments and measured the user evaluation. We report some of the results.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.95-116
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• 2013

Though the term "mathematical modeling" has no single definition or perspective, it is pursued commonly by groups from various perspectives who emphasize the activities of understanding and representing real phenomenon mathematically, building models to solve problems, and reinterpreting real phenomenon to make an attempt to understand the real world and related mathematical models more deeply. The purpose of this study is to identify how mathematization arises and find difficulties of mathematization in mathematical modeling process that share common features with the mathematical modeling activities as presented here. As a result of this research, we confirmed that the students mathematized real phenomena by building various representations, and interpreting them with regard to relationships and contexts inherent real phenomena. The students' communication fostered interplay between iconic representations and indexical representations. We also identified difficulties of mathematization in mathematical modeling process.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.142-152
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• 2011

The 21st century is an age of design. The design has been developed and changed globally. At the same time, each country tries to find the archetype of its own design which represents its own identity. The object of this research is to show the identity of Korean design through the analysis of dancheong, Korean traditional decorative coloring on wooden buildings and artifacts for the purpose of style. Dancheong is an important clue through which alows us to understand Korean modelling. For the purpose, dancheong of Daewoong-jeon of Mihwang-sa, Haenam, Jeollanam-do, was analyzed. This study shows that, first, dancheong has a cultural value in terms of visual as well as space, symbolic, and figurative aspect. Second, dancheong at Mihwang-sa is an essence of the visual expression which shows the aesthetics of the age. Third, dancheong does not belong to any specific religions or beliefs but shows Korean's design archetype. This study shows that dancheong exists as an archetype of our beauty and it also links national identity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.180-189
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• 2010

Cultural contents refers to cultural and artistic contents that are saved, sold, and enjoyed in various digital media. In responding to rising content contents, OSMU has been utilized to make one content into various types of products. Recently, transmedia contents are replacing the role of OSMU. Transmedia contents builds up the united content with blending of various contents through plural media and they have emerged in the part of creating digital contents under the convergence paradigm. Transmedia contents becomes invasive and permeates fully the audience's lifestyle by developing content available across multiple forms of media. This study discusses the differences between OSMU and transmedia contents. It attempts to clearly define transmedia contents and to conceptualize the components of transmedia contents. In doing so, this study seeks a new method of storytelling utilizing transmedia contents. The discussions in this study should be useful for transmedia content developers to improve their work. Implications and directions for future study are discussed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10C
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• pp.621-628
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• 2011

The skin color has been used as important cues in the systems for detecting or recognizmg the face. However, the color difference in images under different illuminants makes it difficult to find out the skin in these systems. For solving the problem, this paper proposes a method of recovering skin colors based on well-known color constancy approaches, such as Retinex, Gray World, White Patch, and Simplified Horn. To acquire experimental images under the colored scene illumination, the effects of colored illuminants were added to source images. Next, result images, having the corrected skin color by the constancy methods, were derived from the source images. The experiment results showed that most of the skin colors in our experiments were recovered into some steady range in the color space, and that Gray World had higher performance than the other methods compared.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.56-62
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• 2010

Weakly electric fish uses active sensing to detect the distortion of self-generated electric field in the underwater environments. The active electrolocation makes it possible to identify target objects from the surroundings without vision in the dark sea. Weakly electric fish have many electroreceptors over the whole body surface of electric fish, and sensor readings from a collection of electroreceptors are represented as an electric image. Many researchers have worked on finding features in the electric image to know how the weakly electric fish identify the target object. In this paper, we suggest a new mechanism of how the electrolocation can recognize a given target object among object plants. This approach is based on the differential components of the electric image, and has a potential to be applied to the underwater robotic system for object localization.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.44-55
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• 2002

This paper tried to analyse the factors influencing consumer trust and the relationships between cause variables and results in Internet Shopping Mall. In order to do so, this paper tried to analyse the trust factors in TV Home Shopping as well as Internet Shopping Mall in terms of cyber markets both. There found six factors ： perceived factor before purchasing, perceived factor after purchasing, perceived and emotional factors in the course of purchasing, positive and negative emotional factors after purchasing. These factors are correlated with Internet shopping variables and we can measure how Internet shopping variables can affect trust to the shopping mall. We can compare the trust factors of TV home shopping with those of Internet shopping mall and then we can activate Internet Shopping Mall. More implications of this study and further researches should be discussed in the future research.