• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.195-217
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• 2020

The improvement of energy intensity is drawing attention as a way to achieve sustainable development. Energy price and technology level are the main factors affecting energy intensity, and empirical studies on the relationship between the variables have been conducted mainly in overseas countries. However, analyzing the relation between energy intensity, energy price and technology has not been studied in Korea. Therefore, this study analyzed the dynamic relationship between energy intensity, energy price, and total factor productivity (TFP) in Korea. As a result of the analysis, the three variables form a long-term equilibrium relationship. The increase in TFP reduces energy intensity in both short and long term, and the long-term effect is greater than short-term effect. On the other hand, energy price do not have a significant impact on energy intensity. Granger causality test results show that energy intensity and TFP granger cause each other, but energy price is weak-exogenous.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.99-118
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• 2011

'Low Carbon, Green Growth' may be the achievable target in industry section, depending on whether less reliance on fossil-fuels use can bring higher productivity growth in the long run. This paper tests for the short-run and long-run effects of investment on energy-saving equipments on productivity growth in the Korean manufacturing industries. The investment in energy efficiency causes an increase in costs (measurement effect) in the short-run, but in the long-run likely improve energy intensity and reduce costs (positive real effect) despite the delay in new other investment for technical innovation (negative real effect). A 2SLS regression was attempted to deal with endogeneity of energy-saving investment. The productivity effects were tested for five manufacturing sub-industries showing relatively high energy intensity with annual time series data from 1982 through 2006. No productivity effects were accepted for all five sub-industries except Chemical products. Positive real effect was considered to be exceeded by negative real effect, resulting in decreased productivity growth for Chemical products.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2021

Energy is an essential element in economic activity and people's lives, an important resource used by various industries, and the financialization of commodity markets has led to the growing importance of crude oil turning into the same asset as other assets. Accordingly, studies analyzing the correlation between energy prices and investor sentiment explain that investor sentiment affects oil prices through economic factors and speculation. In this study, we wanted to analyze whether the impact of the most representative changes in oil prices affects investor decision making, affecting investor sentiment, and applying wavelet consistency analysis to determine how energy prices relate to investor sentiment. Studies show that policies should be focused on policy and market changes because energy prices differ by time scale and investment sentiment should be more influential in the long term than in the short term.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.88-88
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• 2011

수자원에서 일강수량 모의기법은 다양한 목적으로 활용되고 있으며 기본적으로 수공구조물 설계 및 수자원계획을 수립하기 위한 입력 자료로서 이용된다. 수자원계획은 장기적인 목적을 가지고 수행되는 것이 일반적이며 우리가 목표로 하는 장기간의 일강수량자료의 획득이 어렵기 때문에 단기간의 일강수량자료를 장기 모의하여 이용하게 된다. 일강수량을 모의하는데 있어서 강수계열의 단기간의 기억(memory)을 활용한 Markov Chain 모형이 가장 일반적이며, 기존 Markov Chain 모형을 통한 일강수량 모의에서 발생하는 가장 큰 문제점은 극치강수량을 재현하기 어렵다는 점이다. 이러한 문제점으로 인해 수자원 계획을 수립하는데 있어서 불확실성을 가중시키고 있다. 특히 일강수량 모의기법을 통해서 추정되는 빈도강수량의 과소추정으로 인해 수공구조물 설계 시에 신뢰성을 확보하는 데 문제점이 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 기존 Markov Chain 모형에서 일강수량에 평균적인 특성과 극치특성을 동시에 재현할 수 있도록 불연속 Kernel-Pareto Distribution 기반에 일강수량모의기법을 개발하였다. 한강유역의 3개 강수지점에 대해서 기존 Markov Chain 모형과 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 적용한 결과 여름의 일강수량 모의 시 1차모멘트인 평균과 2-3차 모멘트 모두 효과적으로 재현하지 못하는 문제점이 나타났다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제안한 불연속 Kernel-Pareto 분포형 기반 Markov Chain 모형은 여름의 일강수량 모의 시 강수계열의 평균적인 특성뿐만 아니라 표준편차 및 왜곡도의 경우에도 관측치의 통계특성을 매우 효과적으로 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 제시한 방법론은 전체적으로 기존 Markov Chain 모형에 비해 극치강수량을 재현하는데 유리한 기법으로 판단되며, 또한 극치강수량을 일반강수량으로부터 분리하여 모의함으로서 평균 및 중간값 등 낮은 차수에 모멘트 등 일강수량에 전체적인 분포특성을 더욱 효과적으로 모의할 수 장점을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-195
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• 2021

Intimate friendships and a sense of belonging have positive effects on adolescent's psychological adaptation. Belongingness orientation is the motivation to belong. It is divided into growth orientation and deficit-reduction orientation, both of which have different effects on psychological adaptation and interpersonal characteristics. This study was conducted to determine how adolescents' belongingness orientation affected their psychological adaptation and friend networks. Students in their second year of middle school were surveyed both at the beginning and end of the spring semester. Friend networks were measured through network centrality analysis. Multilevel regression analysis produced three major results. The first major result was that the correlations between growth orientation and loneliness and between growth orientation and stress at the beginning of the spring semester was statistically significant even when friend network centrality was included in the analysis model, but the correlation between deficit-reduction orientation and loneliness and between deficit-reduction orientation and stress were not statistically significant. The second major result was that growth orientation significantly predicted friend network centrality at the end of the spring semester. This effect was significant even when friend network centrality at the beginning of the semester and psychological adaptation level at the end of the spring semester were added to the analysis model. The third major result was that the correlation between friend network centrality at the end of the semester and psychological adaptation level was statistically significant even when psychological adaptation levels at the beginning and the end of the semester were included in the analysis model. This study is meaningful in that it had a short-term longitudinal design and empirically demonstrated the relationship between belongingness orientation and psychological adaptation level of adolescents and between belongingness orientation and the development of friend networks. Lastly, we discussed limitations of this study and provided suggestions for future research.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.591-594
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• 2003

In the present study, we developed a filling material composed of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres with applications in the treatment of facial wrinkle and urinary incontinence and studied the feasibility of injecting the filling materials in animal models for plastic surgical and urological applications. Former filling materials including Teflon, Silicon, and collagen have shown a few shortcomings such as inflammation reaction, particles migration or volume decrease. We injected PLGA microspheres into the subcutaneous dorsum of mice. Injected volume was constantly maintained after implanting. We hardly found either inflammation reaction or migration. This material overcomes the problems of the current filling materials and could be utilized as a new filling material for plastic surgical and urological applications.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-38
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• 2001

The question about whether a shorter workweek may increase employment has been a serious issue and been furiously debated among collective bargainers. The advocators recommend publicly that a reduction in standard working hours will provide benefits to the unemployed through the provision of new jobs, and also can improve the quality of life workers. The opponents argue that a shorter workweek will increase labor costs and induce firms to reduce their production levels, and consequently cut back their demand for labor. Although the debate is still continuing, considerable has been made toward achieving the goal workweek reduction. The analytical framework of this paper is a Putty-clay-model, in which the short-and long-term impacts of changes in working time on the employment associated with the interrelations of wages, prices, hourly labour productivity, the firm's labor demand, business cycle and economic growth etc. must be analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.141-159
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• 1993

기업의 자본구조관리는 재무레버리지와 부채의 만기구조에 관한 결정에 달려있다. Modigliani-Miller(MM)이후 기존의 연구는 대부분 재무레버리지효과에 대해서만 분석을 시도하였을 뿐 부채의 만기구조효과에 대한 분석은 미진하였다. 따라서 이 논문은 부채의 만기구조가 보통주의 기대수익률에 미치는 영향을 이론적으로 분석하여 검증가능한 가설을 도출하고, 실증적으로 검증하고자 한다. 이 연구는 MM의 가정과 장단기부채에 관한 가정을 기초로 부채의 만기구조가 짧아지면 보통주의 기대수익률이 상승한다는 가설을 유도한다. 미국기업을 표본으로 한 회귀분석 결과는 주어진 총부채비율하에서 단기부채의 의존도가 보통주의 기대수익률과 양(+)의 상관관계에 있다는 것을 밝혔다. 이러한 부채의 만기구조효과는 기존의 기업규모효과 (size effect)를 통제하여도 그 결과가 변하지 않는 독립된 현상으로 파악되었다.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-112
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• 1998

The unemployment rate in Korea increased sharply since the deep economic depression. The rapid increase of unemployment rate is attributed, in part, to economic shock, but more basically to the structural problem of labor market. Moreover over 2-3 years later, the labor market perspective looks dismal. To overcome the labor market crisis, the fundamental reforms aimed at improving the labor market function is required. Thus the focus of policy should shift from reducing unemployment to increasing employment.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.123-155
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• 1994

자본시장개방(資本市場開放)의 장기계획(長期計劃) 아래 추진된 증권시장의 개방은 국내경제를 한단계 높은 수준의 개방경제(開放經濟) 체제(體制)로 전환시키는 계기를 제공하는 혜택(惠澤)이 있는 반면에, 개방으로 유입되는 해외투자자금이 주식시장은 물론 거시경제지표(巨視經濟指標)에 부정적 영향을 미치는 경우를 배제할 수 없다. 부정적 현상으로 단기투기성(短期投機性) 자금에 의한 주가의 단기급등(短期急騰)이나 거품현상, 실물경제의 기반없는 해외부문통화(海外部門通貨) 증발(蒸發)에 따른 물가와 금리불안(金利不安), 그리고 원화의 수요증가(需要增加)로 인한 평가절상(評價切上) 압력으로 국제수지의 악화 등이다. 증시개방 이후 유입된 해외주식투자(海外株式投資) 자본(資本)이 거시경제 변수인 통화(通貨), 환율(換率), 그리고 주식시장(株式市場)에 미친 영향을 일반회귀분석, ARCH, VAR등의 모형을 통하여 연동적(連動的)인 유기관계(有機關係)를 실증적으로 분석한다. 분석 결과 통화량(通貨量)과 환율(換率)이 해외유입 자본으로 인하여 예상했던 부정적 효과를 나타냈다는 것을 입증(立證)할 근거(根據)는 찾을 수 없었다. 주가와 거래량은 해외주식 투자자금이 유인된 후 약 2주이내에 상승하였지만, 해외주식 투자자금의 유입원인(流入原因)은 주가(株價)와 거래량(去來量)의 상승세(上昇勢)로 인한 것이 아니라 주식시장의 위험도(危險度)와 잠재성(潛在性)에 비하여 주가(株價)가 저평가되어 향후 고수익율이 보장된다는 기대가 주요한 요인이라고 결론내릴 수 있다.