• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.707-716
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• 2009

The levels of psychosocial stresses and fatigue of firemen were analyzed to reveal the various factors related to them. The self-administered questionnaires were performed to 262 firemen ill Cheonsju City. In terms of various levels of psychosocial stresses, 12.2% were under potential stresses, 87.8% were under high-level of stress, but healthy group was not found. The levels of fatigue symptoms divided by the median of total scores was 51.1% of low levels, and 48.9% of high levels. Multiple stepwise analysis revealed that the factors or influence on psychosocial stresses with explanatory powers of 11.5% included subjective health status, job satisfaction, job demand and alcohol drinking habits. The factors of influence on fatigue symptoms with explanatory powers of 9.0% included subjective health and regular exercises. The study results indicate that the level of stress or fatigue is so complicatedly influenced by variable factors. Thus the effective strategy for stress and fatigue reduction among firemen should include additional programs focusing on health promotion.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권8호
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• pp.538-544
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• 2005

Background: Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is an initial palliative procedure for a diverse group of patients with congenital cardiac anomalies and unrestricted pulmonary blood flow. We proved the usefulness of PAB through retrospective investigation of the surgical indication and risk analysis retrospectively. Material and Method: One hundred and fifty four consecutive patients (99 males and 55 females) who underwent PAB between January 1986 and December 2003 were included. We analysed the risk factors for early mortality and actuarial survival rate. Mean age was $2.5\pm12.8\;(0.2\sim92.7)$ months and mean weight was $4.5\pm2.7\;(0.9\sim18.0)\;kg$. Preoperative diagnosis included functional single ventricle $(88,\;57.1\%)$, double outlet right ventricle $(22,\;14.2\%)$, transposition of the great arteries $(26,\;16.8\%)$, and atrioventricular septal defect $(11,\;7.1\%)$. Coarctation of the aorta or interrupted aortic arch $(32,\;20.7\%)$, subaortic stenosis $(13,\;8.4\%)$ and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection $(13,\;8.4\%)$ were associated. Result: The overall early mortality was $22.1\%\;(34\;of\;154)$, The recent series from 1996 include patients with lower age $(3.8\pm15.9\;vs.\;1.5\pm12.7,\;p=0.04)$ and lower body weight $(4.8\pm3.1\;vs.\;4.0\pm2.7,\;p=0.02)$. The early mortality was lower in the recent group $(17.5\%;\;16/75)$ than the earlier group $(28.5\%;\;18/45)$. Aortic arch anomaly (p=0.004), subaortic stenosis (p=0.004), operation for subaortic stenosis (p=0.007), and cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.007) were proven to be risk factors for early death in univariate analysis, while time of surgery (<1996) (p=0.026) was the only significant risk factor in multivariate analysis. The mean time interval from PAB to the second-stage operation was $12.8\pm10.9$ months. Among 96 patients who survived PAB, 40 patients completed Fontan operation, 21 patients underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, and 35 patients underwent biventricular repair including 25 arterial switch operations. Median follow-up was $40.1\pm48.9$ months. Overall survival rates at 1 year, 5 years and 10 years were $81.2\%\;65.0\%,\;and\;63.5\%$ respectively. Conclusion: Although it improved in recent series, early mortality was still high despite the advances in perioperative management. As for conventional indications, early primary repair may be more beneficial. However, PA banding still has a role in the initial palliative step in selective groups.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.76-84
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• 1999

The differentiation between malignancy-related ascites(MRA) and non-malignant ascites (NMA) is important for further diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Although many parameters were investigated, none has provided a complete distinction between MRA and NMA. We investigated several ascitic fluid parameters to determine the differential power, and to differentiate malignant-related from nonmalignant-related ascites with a sequence of sensitive parameters followed by specific parameters. For the present study, 80 patients with ascites were divided into two groups: MRA and NMA, The MRA group was consisted of 27 patients with proven malignancy by image study, biopsy, and follow up: 21 of these patients had peritoneal carcinomatosis, but the remaining 6 showed no evidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis. The NMA group was consisted of 53 patients with no evidence of malignancy: among these patients, one had SLE, and others had liver cirrhosis, The samples of blood and ascites were obtained simultaneously, and then the levels of ascites cholesterol, CEA. protein and LDH, cytology, albumin gradient, ascites/serum concen-tration ratios of LDH(LDH A/S), and ascites/serum concentration ratios of protein(protein A/S) were measured. Applying cut-off limits for determined parameters, we estimated the diagnostic efficacy of each parameter, Among the eight parameters investigated, ascites fluid cholesterol yielded the best sensitive value of 93%(cut-off value 30mg/dl), and cytologic examination and the protein A/S(cut-off value 0.5) showed the most specific value of 100% and 96%, respectively. Based on the above results, the diagnostic sequence with cholesterol as a sensitive parameter followed by the combination of cytologic examination and protein A/S as specific parameters, was tested in 80 patients. This diagnostic sequence identified 81.5% of patients with malignancy, and all patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were classified as malignancy-related ascites. In spite of many limitations, this proposed diagnostic sequence may permit a cost-effective and simple differentiation of malignancy-related ascites from nonmalignant ascites.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제35권10호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2002

The advantages of mitral valve reconstruction have been well established and so mitral valve reconstruction is now considered as the procedure of choice to correct mitral valve disease. This is the report of intermediate-term results of 38 cases that performed mitral valve reconstruction for valve insufficiency(the total number of mitral valve reconstruction were 49 cases, but 11 cases that performed mitral valve replacement due to incomplete reconstruction were excluded). Material and Method : From March 1991 to March 2001, 38 patients underwent mitral valve repair due to mitral valve regurgitation with or without stenosis. Mean age was 47.6$\pm$14.7 years(range 15 to 70 years) : 11 were men and 27 were women. The causes of mitral valve regurgitation were degenerative in 14, rheumatic in 21, infective in 2 and the other was congenital. Result : According to the Carpentier's pathologic classification of mitral valve regurgitation, 3 were type 1 , 16 were type II and 19 were type III. Surgical procedures were annuloplasty 15, commissurotomy 19, leaflet resection and annular plication 9, chordae shortening 11, chordae transfer 5, new chordae formation 2, papillary muscle splitting 2 and vegetectomy 2. These procedures were combined in most patients. There were 2 early death and the causes of death were respiratory failure, renal failure and sepsis. There was no late death. Valve replacement was done in 6 patients after repair due to valve insufficiency or stenosis 3 weeks, 1, 3, 51, 69, 84months later respectively. These patients have been followed up from 1 to 116 months(mean 43.0 months). The mean functional class(NYHA) was 2.36 pre-operatively and improved to 1.70. Conclusion : In most cases of mitral valve regurgitation, mitral valve reconstruction when technically feasible is effective operation that can achieve stable functional results and low surgical and late mortality.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.505-516
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• 2000

Chloral hydrate is one of the most widely used sedative agents to control the difficult-to-treat young age group in the dental clinic. We are often frustrated to see the patient still awake and cry with agitation even after far more than the normal onset time of Chloral hydrate. In such a case, the patient has to be rescheduled for another sedation visit with different agents and/or routes which greatly disappoints the guardians. This study was designed to test the efficacy of one sedative regimen that can possibly help the clinician complete scheduled treatment without postponement. We have tried sleep induction with mixed gas of Enflurane(2vol%) and $N_2O(50%)-O_2(50%)$ for $60\sim120$ seconds to 35 patients of those who failed to respond properly to the dose(70mg/kg)of oral Chloral hydrate. The Result of this regimen was compare to those of two oral regimen of Chloral hydrate/Hydroxyzine and Chloral hydrate only Analyses of result on vital signs and behavior pattern were performed. The outcome of the study suggest that sleep induction by a short inhalation of low dose of $Enflurane/N_2O-O_2$ provide dentist with suitable condition for the completion of scheduled treatment in the patient who failed to oral Chloral hydrate. Evidence of adverse effect was not detected or reported during and/or after the procedures.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2021

This study presents a method to efficiently advance the Republic of Korea's Unmanned Systems through the analysis of the development of the U.S. Unmanned System Policy. After the occurrence of the September 11 attacks, the U.S. developed Unmanned Systems as a part of RMA and became the leader in this area. The system went through numerous trials and errors during the development and acquisition. From these experiences, the U.S. had embodied Unmanned Systems acquisition methods by establishing Unmanned Systems Development Guidance and DoD Autonomy Community of Interest in 2012. In addition, as diverse unmanned programs started to proceed, it promoted Core Technology development sharing and simplification of functions of the Unmanned Systems to exclude budget-wasting elements such as duplication of programs. The Republic of Korea must politically build a collaborative system between industry/academia/research institute/military and apply evolutionary development strategies from the first step of the development of the Unmanned Systems the future Game Changer. In operations, concepts of the Manned/Unmanned Systems complex operation should be established and intelligent S/W, Open System, and Cyber Security technologies to materialize them developed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the association of the COMT polymorphism with the TD in Korean sample of families with TD probands. The relationship between risk alleles and specific clinical features (tic severity, comorbidity, drug response) was also explored. Method : Patients were recruited from the Tic Disorder clinic at the Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Division of Seoul National University Hospital and assessed through 2 stage evaluation. Firstly, all the patients and parents received semistructured interview using Korean version of K-SADS-PL. Secondly all the patients received clinical interview and tic severity assessment with Korean version of YGTSS. The subjects in control group were recruited from the health promotion center in out hospital and were evaluated by SCL-90 and SCID-IV. Through these process, total of 42 children and adolescents with TD, their 84 parents and 86 control subjects were finally recruited. Genotyping for The Val158Met polymorphism of the COMT gene was done by standardized method. After collection of genetic data of all the patients, parents and control subjects, case-control comparison and tranmission dysequilibrium test was executed by SPSS version 11. Result : From the case-control comparison, the frequency of L-allele and LL genotype was significantly higher in TD group. However, no differences were found from the TDT. No significant differences were found in in family history of tic, ADHD, OCD, drug response and comorbid conditions among the three different genotypes in patients with TD. Conclusion : Though this study results should be interpreted cautiously due to small sample size and negative finding in TDT test, this study is the first report that there is positive association between the functional polymorphism of COMT gene the TD.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.239-249
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship of the factors which could be influenced by orthognathic surgery especillay SSRO. We measured the amounts of the maximum opening, lateral movements, maximum velocity and pattern of mandibular path during the opening and closing of mandible at the following times ; preoperative, 1 month after operation, 6 months after operation respectively using MKG. And the results were compared according to the categorized subgroups. Following results were obtained : 1. The change of the amounts of mandibular lateral movement and maximum opening velocity were statistically different between male and female (p<0.05), but the others were not. 2. According to the method of operation, there was no difference in the change of the mandibular movements between the group of SSRO and SSRO plus LeFort I osteotomy (p>0.05). 3. According to the amounts of mandibular movement, the recovery of left lateral movement of the group of $6{\sim}10mm$ was better than the other groups (p<0.05). 4. In the frontal pattern of the opening and closing of the mandible, the complex deflected type (F5), simple deflected type (F4), complex deviated type (F3), simple deviated type (F2), straight type (F1) were obtained in order at the time of preoperative, simple deflected type, simple deviated type, complex deviated type, straight type, complex deflected type in order at the time of 1 month after surgery, and the result at the time of 6 months after surgery was the same with that of the time of preoperative. In the sagittal pattern, non-coincident type (S2) was predominant at the time of preoperative, and coincident type (S1) was predominant at the time of 1 month after surgery. After 6 months, the result was also the same with that of the preoperative in sagittal pattern. 5. There was not a statistical difference in the change of the mandibular movement between group of presence of the preoperative TMJ symptoms and non-presence group (p>0.05). 6. There was not a statistical difference in the change of the mandibular movement between repositioning device applied group and non-applied group (p>0.05). 7. Sixty three percents of the patients who had preoperative TMJ symptoms were improved after surgery and preoperative TMJ symptoms were more improved after operation in the repositioning device non-applied group statistically (p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of the biological markers and lifestyle factors on the presence of diabetes in middle-aged adults. A total of 5,363 adults aged 40-64 years were recruited from the 2010-2012 Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, ANCOVA and logistic regression. The results were as follows. The body mass index was significantly higher in the prediabetes and diabetes group than in the normal group. Hypertension, abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking, drinking, and carbohydrate intake were significantly different among three groups. Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, body mass index and drinking were the influencing biological markers and lifestyle factors in prediabetes. The significant factors influencing diabetes were hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, body mass index, and smoking. Overall, the development of intervention programs for effective diabetes prevention in middle-aged adults by lifestyle modification of hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, drinking, and smoking is recommended.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2006

Topical fluoride application for children is a widely peformed procedure in the field of pediatric dentistry to prevent dental caries. However, it is recently recognized as having some unwanted effects on several esthetic restorative materials as it roughens the surface of the restorative materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface changes in composite resins to topical fluoride. Composite resins(Z $250^{(R)}$, Ultraseal $XT^{(R)}$ Filtek $flow^{(R)}$ $Revolution^{(R)}$, $Denfil^{(R)}$) in topical fluoride agents were immersed and their surface roughness, weight loss and SEM were evaluated. The results were as follows : 1. The 4 minutes-immersion groups showed more roughened surface than 1 minute-immersion groups and the control groups showed the smoothest surface among all the materials, and there was statistically significant difference except the revolution between the groups. 2. There was no significant difference between the 1 minute-immersion groups and 4 minutes-immersion groups in weight loss. 3. The experimental group treated with topical fluoride gel showed the generally mere roughened surface than control group in the SEM findings.