Risk Factor Analysis and Surgical Indications for Pulmonary Artery Banding

폐동맥 밴딩의 위험인자 분석과 수술적응중

  • Lee Jeong Ryul (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Insititute, Xenotransplantation Research Center) ;
  • Choi Chang Hyu (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Insititute, Xenotransplantation Research Center) ;
  • Min Sun Kyung (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Insititute, Xenotransplantation Research Center) ;
  • Kim Woong Han (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Insititute, Xenotransplantation Research Center) ;
  • Kim Yong Jin (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Insititute, Xenotransplantation Research Center) ;
  • Rho Joon Ryang (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Medical Research Insititute, Xenotransplantation Research Center) ;
  • Bae Eun Jung (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Noh Chung I1 (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine) ;
  • Yun Yong Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children`s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine)
  • 이정렬 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교병원 의학연구원, 이종장기개발센터) ;
  • 최창휴 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교병원 의학연구원, 이종장기개발센터) ;
  • 민선경 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교병원 의학연구원, 이종장기개발센터) ;
  • 김웅한 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교병원 의학연구원, 이종장기개발센터) ;
  • 김용진 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교병원 의학연구원, 이종장기개발센터) ;
  • 노준량 (서울대학교 어린이병원 흉부외과, 서울대학교 의과대학 흉부외과학교실, 서울대학교병원 의학연구원, 이종장기개발센터) ;
  • 배은정 (서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과, 서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 노정일 (서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과, 서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실) ;
  • 윤용수 (서울대학교 어린이병원 소아과, 서울대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실)
  • Published : 2005.08.01

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary artery banding (PAB) is an initial palliative procedure for a diverse group of patients with congenital cardiac anomalies and unrestricted pulmonary blood flow. We proved the usefulness of PAB through retrospective investigation of the surgical indication and risk analysis retrospectively. Material and Method: One hundred and fifty four consecutive patients (99 males and 55 females) who underwent PAB between January 1986 and December 2003 were included. We analysed the risk factors for early mortality and actuarial survival rate. Mean age was $2.5\pm12.8\;(0.2\sim92.7)$ months and mean weight was $4.5\pm2.7\;(0.9\sim18.0)\;kg$. Preoperative diagnosis included functional single ventricle $(88,\;57.1\%)$, double outlet right ventricle $(22,\;14.2\%)$, transposition of the great arteries $(26,\;16.8\%)$, and atrioventricular septal defect $(11,\;7.1\%)$. Coarctation of the aorta or interrupted aortic arch $(32,\;20.7\%)$, subaortic stenosis $(13,\;8.4\%)$ and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection $(13,\;8.4\%)$ were associated. Result: The overall early mortality was $22.1\%\;(34\;of\;154)$, The recent series from 1996 include patients with lower age $(3.8\pm15.9\;vs.\;1.5\pm12.7,\;p=0.04)$ and lower body weight $(4.8\pm3.1\;vs.\;4.0\pm2.7,\;p=0.02)$. The early mortality was lower in the recent group $(17.5\%;\;16/75)$ than the earlier group $(28.5\%;\;18/45)$. Aortic arch anomaly (p=0.004), subaortic stenosis (p=0.004), operation for subaortic stenosis (p=0.007), and cardiopulmonary bypass (p=0.007) were proven to be risk factors for early death in univariate analysis, while time of surgery (<1996) (p=0.026) was the only significant risk factor in multivariate analysis. The mean time interval from PAB to the second-stage operation was $12.8\pm10.9$ months. Among 96 patients who survived PAB, 40 patients completed Fontan operation, 21 patients underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt, and 35 patients underwent biventricular repair including 25 arterial switch operations. Median follow-up was $40.1\pm48.9$ months. Overall survival rates at 1 year, 5 years and 10 years were $81.2\%\;65.0\%,\;and\;63.5\%$ respectively. Conclusion: Although it improved in recent series, early mortality was still high despite the advances in perioperative management. As for conventional indications, early primary repair may be more beneficial. However, PA banding still has a role in the initial palliative step in selective groups.

배경: 폐동맥 밴딩은 폐혈류의 감소를 목적으로 일부 환자군에서 시행하는 단계적 수술의 일단계 수술이다. 본 연구에서는 폐동맥 밴딩을 시행받은 환자들의 수술적응증과 수술위험인자를 후향적으로 분석하여 그 유용성을 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구는 1986년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지의 18년간 폐동맥 밴딩을 시행 받은 172명의 환자 중 추적관찰이 가능했던 154명의 환자를 대상으로 하였으며 환자들의 평균연령은 $2.5\pm12.8$개월, 체중은 $4.5\pm2.7\;kg$이었다. 진단군 분포는 기능적 단심실 88예$(57.1\%)$, 양대혈관우심실기시 22예$(14.2\%)$, 대혈관전위 26예$(16.8\%)$, 방실중격결손 11예$(7.1\%))$, 기타 7예$(4.5\%)$였으며, 동반된 심기형은 대동맥축착 또는 대동맥궁단절이 32예, 대동맥하협착이 13예, 전폐정맥연결이상이 13예였다. 를か: 페동맥 밴딩 후 조기사망은 $22.1\%\;(34/154)$였다. 조기사망에 영향을 주는 위험인자로 1996년 이전의 수술이 다변량 분석에서 의미가 있었으며(p=0.026), 대동맥축착이나 단절, 대동맥하 협착, 심폐기가동여부, 대동맥하 협착에 대한 수술여부가 단변량 분석상 의미가 있었다(p<0.05). 96명에 있어서 굉균 $12.8\pm10.9 (0\sim47.9)$개월 후에 2차 수술이 이루어졌으며 이 중 40예에서 Fontan수술, 21예에서 양방향성상대정맥폐동맥 단락술이 시행되었고, 35예에서 25예의 대동맥 치환술을 포함한 양심실교정이 이루어졌다. 조기 사망환자를 제외한 120명의 환자에서 추적관찰이 가능하였으며 평균추적기간은 $40.1\pm48.9$개월이었다. Kaplan-Meier방법으로 산출한 1년, 5년 및 10년 생존율은 각각 $81.2\%,\;65.0\%,\;63.5\%$였다. 결론: 최근들어 폐동맥 밴딩의 성적이 시행 초반기보다 의미있게 개선되는 현상을 관찰하였으나 시행 초반기에 비교해서 진단군 분포의 차이가 없고 오히려 수술당시 연령이나 체중은 감소하였음에도 불구하고 여전히 높은 사망률을 보이고 있다. 그러나 점차 감소하는 추세를 보이고 있어서 정확한 조기진단을 바탕으로 수술적응증의 결정과 적정 수술 연령 및 다음단계 수술시기 결정을 통해 일부 단심증을 포함한 복잡 심기형의 폐혈류 조절 목적 또는 심실 훈련 목적의 유용성은 여전히 존재한다.

Keywords

References

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