• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.1467-1473
• /
• 2013

In construction project, it is important to exchange and share the digital information generated by their own professional softwares. So this paper analyzed the information delivery requirements of steel structure according the structural design stages using IDM methodology. For schematic design stage and detailed design stage, the structural design information to share in each design stages is abstracted by defining the PM, ER, and FP. The new ERs and FPs are proposed by defining the new property sets(Psets), suchlike bolt gauge line, weld, scallop, and cope, to complement the structural design information of $IFC2{\times}3$. Finally, the reasonability of the proposed new ERs, FPs are verified by applying them to represent the standard steel connection sample in detailed design stage. As a result, the structural design information of standard steel connection could be stored and managed sufficiently by using the proposed new ERs and FPs.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권1호
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the total polyphenols, antioxidant activities, and melanin synthesis inhibition of several pear cultivars (Pyruspyrifolia). The total polypenolic content of five pear cultivars was high in the unripe developmental stage. Total polyphenolic content of the Chuwhangbae cultivar extract was higher than that of other pear cultivars regardless of the developmental stage. However, the total flavonoid content did not differ between cultivars or developmental stages. The phenolic compound, arbutin has an inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. Arbutin levels in pear cultivars declined as the fruit matured. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract also decreased as the fruit ripened. In B16F10 mouse melanoma cells, most of the cultivar extracts inhibited melanin synthesis by about 50% at a $100{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$ concentration, except in the Gamcheonbae extract until 90 days after full bloom. We have confirmed that the extract of pear cultivars have antioxidant activity and skin-whitening effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2005

Rapid advances in technology and changes in human and cultural activities bring about changes to the earth surface in terms of spatial extension as well as time frame of the changes. Such advances introduce shorter updating frequency of maps and geospatial database. To satisfy these requirements, recent research efforts in the geoinformatics field have been focused on the automation and speeding up of the mapping processes which resulted in products such as the digital photogrammetric workstation, GPSIINS, applications of satellite imagery, automatic feature extraction and the LiDAR system. The possibility of automatically extracting buildings and generating contours from airborne LiDAR data has received much attention because LiDAR data produce promising results. However, compared with the manually derived building footprints using traditional photogrammetric process, more investigation and analysis need to be carried out in terms of accuracy and efficiency. On the other hand, generation of the contours with LiDAR data is more efficient and economical in terms of the quality and accuracy. In this study, the effects of various conditions of the pre-processing phase and the subsequent building extraction and contour generation phases for digital mapping have on the accuracy were investigated.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.121-127
• /
• 1988

Samples of Red Ginseng, which had been. manufactured and packaged by the ' Korean Monopoly Corporation, were stored under ambient temperatures and humidities (12-$28^{\circ}C$ and 55-68 percent) during one to nine years to examine their browning reaction and antioxidant activity. The brown-color intensity of the Red Ginseng samples increased significantly according to increasing storage period. The pH of the aqueous extracts of the samples also increased slightly during the storage, The former seemed to indicate that extensive browning reactions had taken place in the samples during the long storage, The browning reactions seem to be due to mutual reactions of by-products in the final stage rather than to reactions between free amino acids and free sugars in the initial stage of the maillard browning reactions during the storage. The reducing powers of aqueous and ethanol extracts and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extracts of the Red Ginseng samples increased with increasing storage time, The increase in the reducing power and antioxidant activity appeared to be directly attributable to the increased amounts of nonenzymatic browning reaction products formed progressively during the long storage periods.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.273-285
• /
• 2000

While page segmentation is an important step in document recognition, there haven's been many researches on it. More improvement is still needed on the segmentation of document elements in complicated or color documents. In this paper, I present a new page segmentation method which can segment pages with multiple columns, dotted lines, graphics, and photographs. I extract all connected components using contour following and combine them depending on the size and positional information of them. Separate text location is done for non-text color regions to extract possible text lines. To see the performance of the proposed method, experiments are done for 180 documents. Four commercial OCR programs are also tested and the proposed method showed the best result.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• 제6권12호
• /
• pp.3683-3693
• /
• 1999

Most recognition methods of car licence plate have difficulties concerning plate recognition rates and system stability in that restricted car images are used and good image capture environment is required. To overcome these difficulties, I proposed a new recognition method of car licence plates, in which both intensity variation and color information are used. For a captured car image, multiple candidate plate-bands are extracted based on the number of intensity variation. To have an equal performance on abnormally dark and bright Images. plate lightness is calculated and adjusted based on the brightness of plate background. Candidate plate regions are extracted using contour following on plate color pixels in oath plate band. A candidate region is decided as a real plate region after extracting character regions and then recognizing them. I recognize characters using template matching since total number of possible characters is small and they art machine printed. To show the efficiency of the proposed method, I tested it on 200 car images and found that the method shows good performance.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.683-690
• /
• 2006

The chemical compositions of amino acids, minerals, betaine, and polyphenolic compounds from Salicornia herbacea (Hamcho) according to harvest periods were analyzed. Changes of chemical characteristics in water and ethanol extracts from Hamcho were evaluated for titratable acidity, pH, soluble solid, and Hunter's color values. The antioxidative activity of water extract from Hamcho was also determined by DPPH $({\alpha},{\alpha}'-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)$ scavenging radical activity. Total polyphenolic compounds of Hamcho were shown the highest in August harvested by 201.6 ppm. The betaine of Hamcho water-extract was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which content was 0.248%, 0.269% and 0.204% in June, August, and October, respectively. Major compositional amino acids (mg%) were glutamic acid (582: 519: 664), proline (552: 471: 322), phenylalanine (480: 431: 424), aspartic acid (322: 297: 330), and arginine (282: 321: 483) in June, August, and October, respectively, and major free amino acids (mg%) were proline (9.7: 3.4), asparagine (6.7: 1.4), hydroxyproline (6.4: 2.8), valine (3.9: 2.5), arginine (1.7: 3.0) in June and August, respectively. Mineral contents (mg%) were Na (5,695: 7,536: 5,529), K (1,640: 963: 931), Mg (359: 428: 348), Ca (221: 234: 251), and P (207: 189: 259) in June, August, and October, respectively. Especially, K was high in June, Na and Mg were high in August, and Ca and P were high in October, respectively. DPPH scavenging radical activity was shown in the following order; 0.05% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> August> June> October harvested Hamcho. The chemical components of polyphenolic compounds, betaine, amino acids and minerals were changed by harvest periods according to the growing season, and the highest concentrations of polyphenolic compounds and betaine of Hamcho were shown in August harvested.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.97-117
• /
• 2020

Product evaluation criteria is an indicator describing attributes or values of products, which enable users or manufacturers measure and understand the products. When companies analyze their products or compare them with competitors, appropriate criteria must be selected for objective evaluation. The criteria should show the features of products that consumers considered when they purchased, used and evaluated the products. However, current evaluation criteria do not reflect different consumers' opinion from product to product. Previous studies tried to used online reviews from e-commerce sites that reflect consumer opinions to extract the features and topics of products and use them as evaluation criteria. However, there is still a limit that they produce irrelevant criteria to products due to extracted or improper words are not refined. To overcome this limitation, this research suggests LDA-k-NN model which extracts possible criteria words from online reviews by using LDA and refines them with k-nearest neighbor. Proposed approach starts with preparation phase, which is constructed with 6 steps. At first, it collects review data from e-commerce websites. Most e-commerce websites classify their selling items by high-level, middle-level, and low-level categories. Review data for preparation phase are gathered from each middle-level category and collapsed later, which is to present single high-level category. Next, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, and verbs are extracted from reviews by getting part of speech information using morpheme analysis module. After preprocessing, words per each topic from review are shown with LDA and only nouns in topic words are chosen as potential words for criteria. Then, words are tagged based on possibility of criteria for each middle-level category. Next, every tagged word is vectorized by pre-trained word embedding model. Finally, k-nearest neighbor case-based approach is used to classify each word with tags. After setting up preparation phase, criteria extraction phase is conducted with low-level categories. This phase starts with crawling reviews in the corresponding low-level category. Same preprocessing as preparation phase is conducted using morpheme analysis module and LDA. Possible criteria words are extracted by getting nouns from the data and vectorized by pre-trained word embedding model. Finally, evaluation criteria are extracted by refining possible criteria words using k-nearest neighbor approach and reference proportion of each word in the words set. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, an experiment was conducted with review on '11st', one of the biggest e-commerce companies in Korea. Review data were from 'Electronics/Digital' section, one of high-level categories in 11st. For performance evaluation of suggested model, three other models were used for comparing with the suggested model; actual criteria of 11st, a model that extracts nouns by morpheme analysis module and refines them according to word frequency, and a model that extracts nouns from LDA topics and refines them by word frequency. The performance evaluation was set to predict evaluation criteria of 10 low-level categories with the suggested model and 3 models above. Criteria words extracted from each model were combined into a single words set and it was used for survey questionnaires. In the survey, respondents chose every item they consider as appropriate criteria for each category. Each model got its score when chosen words were extracted from that model. The suggested model had higher scores than other models in 8 out of 10 low-level categories. By conducting paired t-tests on scores of each model, we confirmed that the suggested model shows better performance in 26 tests out of 30. In addition, the suggested model was the best model in terms of accuracy. This research proposes evaluation criteria extracting method that combines topic extraction using LDA and refinement with k-nearest neighbor approach. This method overcomes the limits of previous dictionary-based models and frequency-based refinement models. This study can contribute to improve review analysis for deriving business insights in e-commerce market.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• 제11D권1호
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2004

The research to estimate development effort of software has been progress. But, it is not easy gain that testing data for estimating of development effort. Also, if we get the testing data, it is important that analysis testing data. In this paper, we study the data analysis of software development effort using the 789 software development projects which developed in the 1990's. Software development scale and software development team site are various. Using the characteristic of factor, we have to study characteristic of data and we estimate the development effort step by step. First, we prove the difference of development effort with the 789 project data according to development type, development environment, the development language etc. Also, we execute the crosstabs analysis that team site and function point.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2014

Cortex ulmi pumilae, the cortex of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, has been used in traditional folk medicine for its anti-inflammatory effect. Although its various bioactivities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer, have been reported, the anti-adipogenic activity of cortex ulmi pumilae remains unclarified. In the present study, we investigated the effect of cortex ulmi pumilae extract on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Treatment with cortex ulmi pumilae extract significantly reduced the formation of lipid droplets and triglyceride content in a dose-dependent manner; this is associated with an inhibition of the adipogenic transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ ($C/EBP{\alpha}$), $C/EBP{\beta}$, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$). In addition, cortex ulmi pumilae extract treatment during the early stage of adipogenesis showed more efficient anti-adipogenic activity than treatment during other stages of adipogenesis. Cortex ulmi pumilae extract also inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 arrest of 3T3-L1 cells in the early stage of adipogenesis. This was associated with upregulated expression of Cdk inhibitor p21 and downregulated expression of cyclin E and phospho-Rb, indicating that cortex ulmi pumilae extract blocks mitotic clonal expansion by cell cycle regulation. Taken together, these results suggest that cortex ulmi pumilae extract possesses anti-adipogenic activity through the inhibition of adipocyte differentiation by blocking mitotic clonal expansion.