• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2003

The avifauna of from Manbokdae to Siribong in Jiri Mountain part of Baekdudaegan, was surveyed from May to November, 2002. In total, we observed 901 birds, and they were consisted of 49 species,23 families and 7 orders. The largest number of birds were observed in valley and followed by in low ridge, Road, Agricultural area and high ridge. The dominant species were Great Tit (Parus major) and then Brambling (Fringilla montifringilla), Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) and Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus). The highest species diversity index was 2.85 at low ridge(846m), and the lowest was 1.83 at high ridge(1,433m). In this study, the valley is the most important area for the habitat of birds and followed by the low ridge and agricultural area. Thus, to decide the management required area of Baekdudaegan, it should include valley and nearby lowland as well as ridge area. Moreover, there should be some sort of restriction of vehicle usage when a road cross or close to the Baekdudaegan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2006

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Miwangjae to Cheonwhangbong, 11 plots($2000m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Three groups of Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Styrax japonica community, Q. mongolica-Pinus densiflora community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus mongolica was a major woody plant species in the ridge area from Miwangjae to Cheonwhangbong, and Styrax japonica and Pinus densiflora was partly occupied. High positive correlations was proved between Prunus sargentii and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus; Quercus serrata and Euonymus alatus; Sorbus alnifolia and Euonymus alatus, Magnolia sieboldii; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus; Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatandus; Euonymus alatus and Lindera obtusiloba, Castanea crenata, Lindera erythrocarpa; Lespedeza bicolor and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Castanea crenata and Magnolia sieboldii; Magnolia sieboldii and Lindera erythrocarpa, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Euonymus alatus; Lespedeza bicolor and Castanea crenata; Stephanandra incisa and Magnolia sieboldii; Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense and Lindera erythrocarpa; Euonymus alatus for. ciliato-dentatus and Magnolia sieboldii; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Sapium japonicum; Prunus sargentii and Lespedeza maximowiczii; Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lindera erythrocarpa. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $2.3225{\sim}2.7721$, and it was relatively low value compared to that of mountain ridge area of other national parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2004

To investigate the vegetation structure of the section of Nakdong-jeongmaek from Gajisan to Neungdongsan, fifty plots of 100$m^2$ at ten locations were set up. In accordance with the requirements of DCA(detrended correspondance analysis), which is an ordination technique, the sites were chosen contiguously with each other. The vegetation structure analysis showed Quercus dentata, Pinus densiflora, Q. mongolica to be the major species at canopy layer, Rhododendron schlippenbachii at the layer below the canopy and Tripterygium regelii at the shrub level. Shannon's diversity index was 1.5315～2.4005 per unit area of 500$m^2$. It appeared that the Quercus dentata forest of this ridge section of Nakdong-jeongmaek is about 30 or 40 years old.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 1995

No. of visitor at Chirisan National Park increased by three times, respectively after seven years comparing to the visitors before construction of the Songsamjae access road in 1988. Fifty percent of visitors at southern and northern rigion of Chirisan National Park visited Nogodan in spring and autumn season. And thirty percent of visitors at Sesokpyongjon accessed from Nogodan, respectively. Visitors at Nogodan and Sesokpyongion were estimated each 410.000 persons and 150.000 persons in 1994. Maximum daily users of shelter and camp ground were each 570 persons in Nogodan and 1, 100 persons in Sesokpyongjon in 1994. The Songsamjae access road in Chirisan National Park increased users' impacts on mountain ridge environment including Nogodan, Sesokpyongjon. etc. Therefore user management including prohibiting camping shall be necessary in order to minimize environmental damage of mountain ridge.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.37
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• pp.81-102
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• 1994

태백산맥의 가장자리에 위치한 용연동굴은 전형적인 산지Karst(Alpine Karst)의 면모를 갖추고 있다. 용연동굴은 태백시 북서부 화전동 용수골 상부 산사면부 약 980m 상에서 북쪽으로 개구하고 있으며, 용수골 서북부 정상(1,418m)에서 동동남 방향으로 이어지는 능선부 하부 가까이 위치한다. 능선은 비교적 완만하나 남북사면은 개석의 진전으로 약 50도 내외의 급경사 사면지형을 나타낸다. 특히 동굴의 남사면은 용수골 용천수의 하식작용에 의하여 북사면 보다 더욱 경사가 급하다.(중략)

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of the mountain ridges ranging of Shins un-Bong, this research set up 14 plots($400m^2$) as survey target areas. As a result of the analysis of woody plant cluster, it was classified as two groups-Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community and Carpinus tschonoskii community. Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata was found as a mostly dominant woody plant species in the ridge areas of Shinsun-Bong, while Carpinus tschonoskii were mixed up partly in high altitudes. High negative correlations were shown between Quercus variabilis-Sambucus sieboldiana and relatively high positive correlation were found to exist between Styrax japonicus-Quercus serrata, Sambucus sieboldiana-Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Tilia amurensis, Styrax obassia-Cornus kousa, Rhododendron schlippenbachii-Carpinus laxiflora, Cornus kousa-Tilia amurensis. Species diversity index(H') of investigated groups were ranged from $1.237{\sim}1.497$, and it was relatively high value compared to that of the vegetation structure of other national park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1988

To investigate the forest structure of Guryongsa-Birobong area in Mt. Chiak, four districts were selected and forty-five plots were set up at the districts. The leading dominant species of District I, the valley forest in which users' density was very high. was Pinus densiflora. That of District II, the valley forest in which users' density was high. and Districs III, the valley forest in which entering was restricted recently. was Comus controversa. That of District III, the ridge forest in which users' density high, was Quercus mongolica. Species diversities of District I, II, III, and IV were 1.3252, 1.3736, 14421, and 1.2546, respectively. DCA ordination were showed that successional trends of tree species seem to be from Pinus densiflora through Quercus spp. to Carpinus laxtflora in ridge and midslope forest and from Pinus densiflora through Quercus spp. to Comtus controversa and Carpinus cordata.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2008

To investigate the vegetation structure of the mountain ridges ranging from Songchu to Dobong, this research set up 22 plots$(400m^2)$ as survey target areas. As a result of the analysis of woody plant cluster, it was classified as two groups-Quercus mongolica community and Quercus mongolica-Pinus densiflora community. Quercus mongolica was found as a mostly dominant woody plant species in the ridge areas from Songchu to Dobong, while Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Quercus acutissima were mixed up partly in low altitudes. High negative correlations were shown between Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata, Quercus serrata and Acer pseudosieboldianum, Pinus densiflora and Acer pseudosieboldianum, and relatively high positive correlations were found to exist between Quercus acutissima and Quercus serrata; Quercus mongolica and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Pinus rigid a and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Sorbus alnifolia and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Pinus rigida and Pinus densiflora; Pinus densiflora and Robinia pseudoacacia; Acer pseudosieboldianum and Styrax obassia; Magnolia sieboldii and Symplocos chinensis. Species diversity index(H') by community at the surveyed areas stayed in the scope of $0.997\sim1.160$, which indexes showed nothing different from the vegetation structure of other national parks.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.587-595
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• 2019

This study analyzed the influence of the environmental factor of each vegetation type in an urban, mountainous park (Tangeumdae Park in Chungju) on air ion. The measuring points were divided according to the tree species, diameter at breast height, crown density, and layered structure, and the meteorological factors and the air ion were measured. The results of the measurement showed the average generation of positive ions of $610.90{\pm}50.27ea/cm^3$, the average generation of negative ions of $723.58{\pm}64.25ea/cm^3$, and the air ion index of $1.19{\pm}0.10$. The results of the analysis, according to the vegetation type, are as follows. Firstly, the air ion varied according to the species, the chest diameter at breast height, and the layered structure, and was analyzed to be statistically significant. Secondly, the air ion and the vegetation type showed a positive correlation with the species, diameter at breast height, crown density, and layered structure. The cation showed a negative correlation with the species, diameter at breast height, and the crown density, and the anion showed a positive correlation with the species, the diameter at breast height, crown density, and layered structure. Thirdly, the ion index in ridges had a higher correlation with the vegetation type than the meteorological factors. In detail, the correlation was higher in the species > layered structure > crown density > diameter at breast height. This study had the limitation of evaluating air ions in the ridge. Therefore, future studies on air ion should consider both terrain structure and vegetation type and analyze the seasonal changes and comparison.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.421-432
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• 2003

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain ridge from Jeongryongchi to Bokseongiiae in Baetdudaegan, thirty few sites(size 500$m^2$) were set up and surveyed. By using TWINSPAN and DCA technique, the Plants community was divided into four groups, those are Pinus densiflora - P. rigida community, P. denisiflora community, P. densiflora -Larix leptolepis community, Quercus mongolica cummunity. P densiflora is turned out as a dominant woody species in the ridge area. Diversity index of the species in ridge area which is semi mountainous one, is lower than one of mountainous ridge area.