• Title/Summary/Keyword: 능력수준

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Application of Support Vector Regression for Improving the Performance of the Emotion Prediction Model (감정예측모형의 성과개선을 위한 Support Vector Regression 응용)

  • Kim, Seongjin;Ryoo, Eunchung;Jung, Min Kyu;Kim, Jae Kyeong;Ahn, Hyunchul
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.185-202
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    • 2012
  • .Since the value of information has been realized in the information society, the usage and collection of information has become important. A facial expression that contains thousands of information as an artistic painting can be described in thousands of words. Followed by the idea, there has recently been a number of attempts to provide customers and companies with an intelligent service, which enables the perception of human emotions through one's facial expressions. For example, MIT Media Lab, the leading organization in this research area, has developed the human emotion prediction model, and has applied their studies to the commercial business. In the academic area, a number of the conventional methods such as Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) or Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been applied to predict human emotion in prior studies. However, MRA is generally criticized because of its low prediction accuracy. This is inevitable since MRA can only explain the linear relationship between the dependent variables and the independent variable. To mitigate the limitations of MRA, some studies like Jung and Kim (2012) have used ANN as the alternative, and they reported that ANN generated more accurate prediction than the statistical methods like MRA. However, it has also been criticized due to over fitting and the difficulty of the network design (e.g. setting the number of the layers and the number of the nodes in the hidden layers). Under this background, we propose a novel model using Support Vector Regression (SVR) in order to increase the prediction accuracy. SVR is an extensive version of Support Vector Machine (SVM) designated to solve the regression problems. The model produced by SVR only depends on a subset of the training data, because the cost function for building the model ignores any training data that is close (within a threshold ${\varepsilon}$) to the model prediction. Using SVR, we tried to build a model that can measure the level of arousal and valence from the facial features. To validate the usefulness of the proposed model, we collected the data of facial reactions when providing appropriate visual stimulating contents, and extracted the features from the data. Next, the steps of the preprocessing were taken to choose statistically significant variables. In total, 297 cases were used for the experiment. As the comparative models, we also applied MRA and ANN to the same data set. For SVR, we adopted '${\varepsilon}$-insensitive loss function', and 'grid search' technique to find the optimal values of the parameters like C, d, ${\sigma}^2$, and ${\varepsilon}$. In the case of ANN, we adopted a standard three-layer backpropagation network, which has a single hidden layer. The learning rate and momentum rate of ANN were set to 10%, and we used sigmoid function as the transfer function of hidden and output nodes. We performed the experiments repeatedly by varying the number of nodes in the hidden layer to n/2, n, 3n/2, and 2n, where n is the number of the input variables. The stopping condition for ANN was set to 50,000 learning events. And, we used MAE (Mean Absolute Error) as the measure for performance comparison. From the experiment, we found that SVR achieved the highest prediction accuracy for the hold-out data set compared to MRA and ANN. Regardless of the target variables (the level of arousal, or the level of positive / negative valence), SVR showed the best performance for the hold-out data set. ANN also outperformed MRA, however, it showed the considerably lower prediction accuracy than SVR for both target variables. The findings of our research are expected to be useful to the researchers or practitioners who are willing to build the models for recognizing human emotions.

Effects of Aluminum Sulfate Addition on Six-Week-Old Broiler Performance and Nitrogen Contents in Litter at the Sixth Week (Aluminum Sulfate 처리가 6주령 육계생산 능력 및 깔짚 내의 질소 함량에 미치는 영향)

  • 최인학;남기홍
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.265-270
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    • 2002
  • This study was conducted to determine the effect of aluminum sulfate[Al$_2$(S0$_4$)$_3$$.$14H$_2$O], commonly referred to as ALUM, addition to broiler litter on 3 and 6 week old broiler performance and the nitrogen content of the litter at 6 weeks of age. The two treatment groups were 134 identical diets with the same protein levels, but one group(T$_1$) had ALUM added as a top dressing to the litter at a rate of 200 g ALUM / kg of rice bran, while T$_2$ did not have ALUM added to the litter. Feed consumption for T$_1$ was higher in the 22 to 42 day-old and 0 to 42 day-old periods (P<0.05). Body weight in T$_1$ was also higher in the 0 to 42 day -old period (P<0.0l). There was no difference, however, in the feed : gain ratio between T$_1$ and T$_2$ During the first 5 weeks, T$_1$ had significantly less(P<0.05 or 0.01) ammonia emission from the litter than T$_2$ but at 6 weeks there was no difference in ammonia concentration between the two groups. At 6 weeks, T$_1$ had a lower litter pH than Ta (P<0.05) and total Kjeldahl nitrogen(TKN) was higher far T$_1$ than T$_2$ (P<0.05). However,71 did not show any difference from T$_2$ in the content of NH4-N and NO3-N. In summary, the addition of ALUM to broiler litter improved broiler performance at 6 weeks, while increasing nitrogen content from the litter used as the nitrogen fertilizer although ammonia emission was increased in T$_1$ at 6 weeks.

A Descriptive Study of Oral Health Knowledge & Behaviors in Middle School Students (일부지역 중학생의 구강건강 지식 및 행동에 관한 조사연구)

  • Yoo, Jung-Sook;Kim, Jung-Hee;Han, Su-Jin;Sim, Sang-Hyo;Kim, Yoon-Shin
    • The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 2008
  • Objectives: This study was designed to understand the oral health knowledge & conduct of middle-school students, search for the learning objective and the educational method in line with the subjects and of utilizing as the basic data for an effective oral health-care program. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 139 students in middle-school, OO county. Chungcheongbuk-do, the number of male students 64, and female students 75. Data were statistically analyzed by frequency analysis, $x^2$-test or Fisher's exact test by using SPSS WIN Ver. 12.0. Results: Among items on oral-health knowledge in middle-school students. the awareness ratio on a cause and preventive method for oral disease was surveyed to be lower than the awareness ratio on symptoms of oral disease. As a result of examining by comparing knowledge and behavior on the time of tooth brush. both awareness and behavior were the level of 50% or less than it. In particular, 46.2% perceived after lunch. but practice just accounted for 33.0%. The frequency of tooth brush a day was the largest in a case(47.5%) of doing twice a day. However. there was also the response (5.8%) with saying of brushing once or not brushing even once. Thus, the practice of tooth brush was surveyed to be very low even if being a minority of students. The frequency of taking a light meal was 68.8% in less than twice a day. However, even students of taking more than five times were surveyed to be 9.8%. Out of the whole-body health in over 50%-59.9%. the oral health was surveyed to be perceived to be very important. Compared to the awareness level on importance of a tooth, the ratio of visiting a dentistry was analyzed to be very low. Conclusions: The study results suggest that the school oral-health project was examined to have the necessity of being expanded and carried out even in middle-and-high schools, by which the specific oral-health promotion program including oral-health education in this period is developed.

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Effect of Dietary Bacillus subtilis on Growth Performance, Immunological Cells Change, Fecal NH3-N Concentration and Carcass Meat Quality Characteristics in Finishing Pigs (비육돈 사료내 Bacillus subtilis의 첨가가 성장, 면역세포 변화, 분내 암모니아태질소 함량 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, J.H.;Chen, Y.J.;Min, B.J.;Kim, H.J.;Shon, K.S.;Kwon, O.S.;Kim, J.D.;Kim, I.H.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.47 no.6
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    • pp.937-946
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    • 2005
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immunological cells change, fecal noxious gas and carcass meat quality characteristics in finishing pigs. The dietary treatments were 1) CON(basal diet), 2) BS0.1(basal diet+ 0.1% Bacillus subtilis) and 3)BS0.2(basal diet+0.2% Bacillus subtilis). Sixty crossbred(Landrace$\time$ Yorkshire$\time$Duroc) pigs(89.5$\pm$0.11kg average initial body weight) were used in a 42 days growth trial. The pigs were assigned to the treatments according to body weight and each treatment had 5 replicates of 4 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Through the entire experimental period, average daily gain(ADG) and average daily feed intake(ADFI) were not significantly different among the treatments. Pigs fed BS0.1 diet significantly increased their gain/feed compared to pigs fed CON and BS0.2 diets(P<0.05). Also, dry matter(DM) and nitrogen(N) digestibilities were greater in the pigs fed BS0.1 diet than those fed CON diet(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in fecal NH3-N concentration among the treatments. In blood assay for immunological cells change investigations, red blood cells(RBC) counts increased in the pigs fed BS0.2 diet compared to pigs fed CON and BS0.1 diets. There were no significant differences in carcass pH, drip loss, marbling and firmness. However, sensual color and a*(redness) value of meat in the pigs fed BS0.2 diet were higher than in pigs fed CON diet(P<0.05). Therefore, this experiment suggested that Bacillus subtilis supplementation could improve nutrient digestibility, RBC counts and carcass meat color of pigs.

Effect of Cornstarch-Based Absorbent Polymer on the Growth of Cool Season Turfgrasses in Sand-Based Mixture (옥수수 전분이 주성분인 토양보습제 첨가가 모래 배양토에서 한지형 잔디의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Choi, Joon-Soo;Yang, Geun-Mo;Ahn, Sang-Hyun;Cho, Yun-Sik
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.75-84
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    • 2008
  • This study was carried out to examine the effects of cornstarch-based absorbent polymer (CAP) on the growth of cool season turfgrasses in sand-based soil mixture. Kentucky bluegrass + perennial ryegrass mixtures seeded at May 18 in 2006 on sand-based soil mixture. Sand + peat (5%, v/v), sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v), and sand + CAP $40g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v) mixtures were compared. Ground coverage of sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v), and sand + CAP $40g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v) treatments showed 50% at a month after seeding. But the coverage of sand + peat (5%, v/v), sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ resulted in 36.7%. Mixing of CAP with sand was considered to be efficient method for increasing ground coverage as much as peat. Dry weight of turfgrass tiller at sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v), and sand + CAP $40g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v) were also significantly higher than sand + peat (5%, v/v), sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ mixtures at a month after seeding. Soil water retention at the sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$, sand + CAP $40g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v) mixing were lower than sand + peat (5%, v/v) and sand + CAP $20g{\cdot}m^{-2}$ + peat (5%, v/v) during the dry periods. From the results, the mixing of CAP with sand is useful to increased ground coverage of kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass.

A study on the school health education curriculum development focused on the health education course in primary school (국민학교 보건교육 교과과정의 개선방안에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Hwa-Joong;Lee, In-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.36-63
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    • 1992
  • The purpose of this study was development of school health education curriculum in primary school based on analysis of the textbooks published in 1991. 1) The health education curriculum in primary school consisted of four major components such as health education aspects of the healthful school environments, health education aspects of school health services, health education course, and health instruction in related subjects. However, health instruction taught by physical education, biology, and other health related subjects was not systematic organization for health care. 2) A considerable amount of health knowledge and attitude, and some health practices was learned as the result of experiences in other courses, where there was little or no reference to health. It must be developed health edcation course separated from health related subjects. 3) Direct health insruction was represented by the health education course. The health education courses must be considered to be heart of the school health education curriculum. 4) The health education course developed by this study was consisted of eight health units and problems in the early elementary grade or health classes in the higher years. 5) The health education course developed by this study provided the opportunity for acquring new knowledge, attitude, and practice, for discarding the unhealtful attitude and strengthening the healthful attitude and practices of primary school students.

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Spatial Distribution of Urban Heat and Pollution Islands using Remote Sensing and Private Automated Meteorological Observation System Data -Focused on Busan Metropolitan City, Korea- (위성영상과 민간자동관측시스템 자료를 활용한 도시열섬과 도시오염섬의 공간 분포 특성 - 부산광역시를 대상으로 -)

  • HWANG, Hee-Soo;KANG, Jung Eun
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.100-119
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    • 2020
  • During recent years, the heat environment and particulate matter (PM10) have become serious environmental problems, as increases in heat waves due to rising global temperature interact with weakening atmospheric wind speeds. There exist urban heat islands and urban pollution islands with higher temperatures and air pollution concentrations than other areas. However, few studies have examined these issues together because of a lack of micro-scale data, which can be constructed from spatial data. Today, with the help of satellite images and big data collected by private telecommunication companies, detailed spatial distribution analyses are possible. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the spatial distribution patterns of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands within Busan Metropolitan City and to compare the distributions of the two phenomena. In this study, the land surface temperature of Landsat 8 satellite images, air temperature and particulate matter concentration data derived from a private automated meteorological observation system were gridded in 30m × 30m units, and spatial analysis was performed. Analysis showed that simultaneous zones of urban heat islands and urban pollution islands included some vulnerable residential areas and industrial areas. The political migration areas such as Seo-dong and Bansong-dong, representative vulnerable residential areas in Busan, were included in the co-occurring areas. The areas have a high density of buildings and poor ventilation, most of whose residents are vulnerable to heat waves and air pollution; thus, these areas must be considered first when establishing related policies. In the industrial areas included in the co-occurring areas, concrete or asphalt concrete-based impervious surfaces accounted for an absolute majority, and not only was the proportion of vegetation insufficient, there was also considerable vehicular traffic. A hot-spot analysis examining the reliability of the analysis confirmed that more than 99.96% of the regions corresponded to hot-spot areas at a 99% confidence level.

An Empirical Study on the Changes in Tax Payments under Consolidated Tax Return (연결납세와 개별납세간의 법인세부담액 차이에 대한 실증연구)

  • Jeong, Jae-Yeon;Shin, Hyun-Geol
    • 한국산학경영학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2004.11a
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2004
  • This study examines empirically the significant changes in tax payments when the consolidated tax return is introduced in the future. We estimate the consolidated tax payments under the eight cases which are classified as such : whether only 100% ownership subsidiaries should be included or 80% and over, whether all subsidiaries should be included or only subsidiaries with loss, and whether unrealized profits from intercompany transactions should be excluded or not. After estimating the consolidated tax payments, we test the difference between the consolidated tax payments and the sum of the individual tax payments of the subsidiaries. The results of the test show that the consolidated tax payments are significantly less than the sum of the individual tax payments of the subsidiaries. We interpret that the inclusion of the losses of the subsidiaries in the consolidated tax base makes the tax payment decrease. Based on our analysis about 3.8 billion Won per each parent company would decrease due to the introduction of the consolidated tax return. And we find that under the mandatory consolidated tax return system the significant difference between the consolidated and individual tax payment exists except that the only 100% ownership subsidiaries are included and unrealized profits from intercompany transactions are not excluded. However, when the parent companies have the discretion to select the consolidated subsidiaries, the consolidated tax payments are significantly less than the sum of the individual tax payments of the subsidiaries regardless of the ownership percentage, inclusion of the loss of the subsidiaries and exclusion of the unrealized profits.

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Job Analysis for Role Identification of General Hospice Palliative Nurse (호스피스 완화 간호사 역할규명을 위한 직무분석)

  • Kim, Boon-Han;Choe, Sang-Ok;Chung, Bok-Yae;Yoo, Yang-Sook;Kim, Hyun-Sook;Kang, Kyung-Ah;Yu, Su-Jeong;Jung, Yun
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.13-23
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: This study was to identify the role of general hospice palliative nurse through job analysis (duties, task, and task elements). Methods: The sample consisted of 136 nurses or professors who were performing duties related to hospice care areas in Korea. A survey method was used, and the questionnaire included frequencies, criticality, and difficulties of task elements in job description by the DACUM method. Descriptive statistics were performed by using SPSS WIN 17.0. Results: The job description of general hospice palliative nurse was identified 8 duties, 36 tasks, and 137 task elements. As for the 8 duties, the average scores of frequency, criticality, and difficulty were 2.94, 3.66, and 2.80, respectively. The role of ‘pain assessment’ was the most important task element among frequency and criticality. The lowest score at the frequency and criticality were ‘manage public finance’ and ‘collect datum through diagnostic test & lab', respectively. Furthermore, the role of 'identify spiritual needs of patients and family' was the most difficult task, whereas the role of 'manage documents and information' was the least. Conclusion: In this study, we could recognize the reality of general hospice palliative nurse's performances. For general hospice palliative nurse, therefore, concrete practice guide lines of psychosocial and spiritual care, communication skills, and bereavement care with qualifying system are critically needed.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus and Eucommiaceae on the Expression of Lipogenic, Myogenic and Antioxidant Enzyme Genes in Broiler Chickens (육계에서 가시오갈피와 두충의 첨가 급여가 항산화 효소, 지방 및 근육 관련 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Kang, H.K.;Beloor, J.;Sohn, S.H.;Jang, I.S.;Moon, Y.S.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 2009
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of Acanthopanax (A) senticosus and Eucommiaceae on the expression of lipogenic, myogenic and oxidative stress genes in broiler chickens. Birds were subjected (assigned) to one of the following 5 dietary treatments: control (CON), A. senticosus 0.5% (T1), 1.0% (T2), Eucommiaceae 0.5% (T3) and 1% (T4). Each treatment was replicated 8 times with 4 birds per replication, housed in 4 birds per cage. Birds were arranged according to randomized block design. Feeding trial was conducted from day 4 to 35th day of age. Liver and muscle tissues were collected for analysis. Broilers subjected to 1% A. senticosus had higher feed conversion ratio than the other treated birds whereas no significant differences were found in body weight, weight gain and feed intake. The gene expression levels of fatty acid synthase were not different among the treatments while the transcription factor $PPAR{\gamma}$ was highly expressed in Eucommiaceae but not in control and A. senticosus. The gene expression levels of myogenin were high in both A. senticosus and Eucommiaceae compared to control group. MyoD also showed high expression in treated groups furthermore, Eucommiaceae stimulated the expression of MyoD more than that of A. senticosus. The antioxidant gene expressions (SOD, CAT, SOD, GPX) generally were not much different among the treatments, however, SOD and GPX were stimulated in broilers consumed 1% Eucommiaceae diet. The result of this experiment showed that dietary supplementation of A. senticosus and Eucommiaceae in broiler may improve the antioxidant defence system through SOD and GPX without affect of growth performance in broilers.