• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2013

Morinda officinalis (MO) is a oriental medicinal herb which has been used traditionally for the treatment of impotence, anti-inflammatory, menstrual irregularity action and various brain diseases including antidepressant and anti-stress. In order to examine the mechanism of anticonvulsive effect, we treated the methanol extract of MO (100, 200 mg/kg, P.0) to the sleeping time and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsive mice. The methanol extract of MO prolonged sleep time by pentobarbital. Dose-dependent of methanol extracts of MO were effected the concentration of GABA and GABA-T activity in the brain of PTZ-induced mice. Methanol extracts of MO significantly inhibited the convulsion state as well as the level of lipid peroxidation in the brain. The butanol and dichloromethane fraction of methanol extracts among the others effectively inhibited in vitro lipid peroxidation dose dependently ($5.0{\times}10^{-2}{\sim}20.0{\times}10^{-2}g/ml$).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2008

목적 : 홍화(紅花)는 활혈거어(活血祛瘀), 해독지통(解毒止痛)의 효능이 있어 관절염, 동맥경화(動脈硬化), 종양(腫瘍), 월경부조(月經不調), 뇌혈전(腦血栓)에 사용되어 왔다. 이에 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)의 분자생물학적 효능 분석을 하고자 Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)로 염증을 유발한 RAW 264.7 cell의 유전자(遺傳子) 발현(發顯)에 미치는 영향을 Microarray를 통하여 관찰하였다. 방법 : RAW cell을 배양하고 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)의 세포 독성을 확인한 후 (1) LPS, (2) 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液), (3) 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)과 LPS를 처치했을 때의 유전자 발현양상을 microarray를 이용하여 관찰하였다. 대조군에 비해 2배 이상 발현의 차이가 있는 경우를 유의한 것으로 보았다. 결과 : 8,170개의 유전자 중 (1) LPS를 처치하였을 경우 35개의 유전자에서 발현이 상승되었고, (2) 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)을 처치하였을 경우 11개의 유전자에서 발현이 상승되고 53개의 유전자에서 발현이 억제되었으며, (3) 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)과 LPS를 동시에 처치하였을 경우에는 47개의 유전자에서 발현이 상승되었고 11개의 유전자에서 발현이 억제되었다. LPS 자극으로 발현이 상승되었지만 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)을 처치할 때 발현이 억제되는 유전자는 SUMO1/sentrin specific protease 7(SENP7), Serine(or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade B(ovalbumin), member 7(SERPINB7), M-phase phosphoprotein, mpp8(HSMPP8), Glycogenin 2(GYG2), InaD-like(Drosophila)(INADL), Copine III(CPNE3), Loss of heterozygosity, 11, chromosomal region 2, gene A(LOH11CR2A), Chromosome 9 open reading frame 33(SHC3), NADH dehydrogenase(ubiquinone) 1 beta subcomplex, 2, 8kDa(NDUFB2)로 9개가 있었다. 요약 : 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)이 LPS로 염증을 유발시킨 RAW 264.7 cell의 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 Microarray를 통해 분석하였다. 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)이 LPS로 발현을 항진시킨 35개의 유전자 중 9개를 효과적으로 억제하는 것을 확인하여 염증 치료 기전을 시사하는 유용한 자료를 얻을 수 있었으며 홍화약침액(紅花藥鍼液)이 발현을 항진시킨 유전자들을 통해 혈관생성과 종양억제 등 보다 넓은 범위에 대한 연구가 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.1 s.142
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• pp.31-36
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• 2006

Inflammation in the brain has known to be associated with the development of a various neurologiacal diseases. The hallmark of neuro-inflammation is the activation of microglia, brain macrophage. Pro-inflammatory compounds including nitric oxide(NO) are the main cause of neuro-degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease. In the study, we examined whether Harmonia axyridis extracts inhibit the NO production by a direct method using Griess reagent, western blotting and by RT-PCR(Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reactionin) the gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS). Distilled water$(H_2O)$ and methanol(MeOH) extracts of H. axyridis inhibited the protein expression of TNF-a(Tumor Necrosis Factor) and IL-6(Interleukin) in LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) stimulated BV-2 cells at the concentration of 100 ng/ml. Incubation of BV-2 cells with the extracts of $H_2O$ of MeOH inhibited the LPS induced NO and iNOS protein. And this inhibition of iNOS protein is concordant with the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression. These data suggested that H. axyridis extracts may play a crucial role in inhibiting the NO production.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.543-548
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• 1999

Background: These days, lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) is used as an alternative or a bridge operation to lung transplantation in treating patients with severe emphysema. The procedure can be used in patients with pulmonary nodules combined with severe emphysema. We report the results of 21 months follow up after lung volume reduction surgery in 7 cases including 2 cases of concurrent resection of pulmonary nodules. Material and Method: Seven patients with emphysema, including 2 cases of preoperatively suspected lung cancer were operated with LVRS technique between July 1996 and June 1997. Result: Postoperative mortality was observed in a case of squamous cell carcinoma in LUL with brain metastasis, detected at postoperative 13months. Average of 21months(19-25months) follow up was done for other cases without specific events. Conclusion: LVRS is a useful operation in the treatment of patients with severe emphysema, but further evaluation should be done about the long term results and precise criteria for patient selection. Simultaneous LVRS and tumor resection could be done in patients with emphysema with marginal reserve in the hope of maximizing postoperative lung functions.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.381-391
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• 1998

The present study was done to investigate the effects of Bombusae concretio Salicea (BCS) on cultured astrocyte cell system and lipid peroxidation in $A{\beta}25-35$ treatment conditions. Cell killing was significantly enhanced by addition of increasing concentrations of $A{\beta}25-35$. Pretreatment of BCS attenuated in cell killing enhanced by increasing concentrations of $A{\beta}25-35$. MDA level induced by $A{\beta}25-35$ treatment was significantly increased and the level was slightly reduced by pretreatment of BCS. The present study showed that $A{\beta}25-35$ strongly increased MDA level and the level was enhanced by addition of increasing concentrations of In conclusion, it was shown that $A{\beta}25-35$ is not only potent lipid peroxide inducer, but also cause protection of neurodegeneration induced by $A{\beta}25-35$. It can be concluded that the activation of antioxidative enzymes may be related to the inhibition of lipid peroxidative reactions. We cannot fully explain to effects of BCS at present; however, the ability of BCS to reduce cell killing and MDA level induced by $A{\beta}25-35$ suggest that BCS may be a protective agent for free radical generating compounds such as $A{\beta}25-35$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 2005

RT-PCR is an useful method to investigate the expression of target gene as detection tools. Although RT-PCR is the powerful detection method for tissues, it was difficult to amplify the target gene product using the single cell. To clarify the expression level of the genes related to Parkinson's disease (PD), I performed the laser dissection of single cell from Substantia nigra. I examined the mRNA expression level in the dopaminergic neuron isolated from the PD patients by the single cell RT-PCR method. It is known that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) are involved in biosynthesis of the catecholamine such as dopamine. Little has been known about the gene expression features of these enzymes in single dopaminergic neuron. I could detect the specific gene products in single cell level. The different expression was observed in PD-related gene products from the single neuron of PD patients. Interestingly, TH gene expression was significantly decreased with comparing the ratio of decrease in other PD-related genes. Hence, I represented data that indicate the RT-PCR method described in this report is an effective method in detecting a specific single-cell mRNA level related with diseases.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.169-178
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• 1996

This experiment was conducted to develop an experimental model and a semipurified diet for vitamin C requirement study in juvenile Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Prior to the start of the feeding trial, fish were fed the control diet for four weeks to deplete their body reserves of vitamin C, Then fish were divided into six groups and given one of the laboratory developed semipurified diets supplementing either 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 150, o. 1500 mg L-ascorhic acid (AA)/kg diet for eight weeks. Fish fed control diet had lower hematocrit than did fish from groups fed the other diets (P<0.05). Also these fish had significantly lower percent weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and muscle AA than did fish fed diets containing 150 and 1500 mg AA/kg diet (P<0.05). Diet analysis of vitamin C showed that the control diet had 39,7 mg AA/kg diet. Therefore, these fingings suggest that the experimental model and the semipurified diet can be useful for vitamin C requirement study, and the dietary vitamin C requirement is greater than 40 mg AA/kg diet, but 150 mg AA/kg diet is adequate for the maximum growth in juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.72-78
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• 1993

Background: In malignancies, detection of metastatic foci is of value in making therapeutic plans for treatment of disease and prevention of life-threatening complications. Common sites for metastasis of bronchogenic cancer include lymph nodes, liver, brain, adrenals and bone. Skull, vertebrae, ribs and long bones are common sites for bone metastasis. But in epidermoid carcinoma, the incidence of bone metastasis is relatively low and especially to the distal phalangeal bone is rare. Methods: We experienced a case of epidermoid carcinoma with the first distant metastasis to the fifth distal phalangeal bone, right toe. Results: The initial stage in the diagnosis of epidermoid carcinoma was T4N3MO. During the third round of anticancer chemotherapy, we recognized the distant metastasis to the fifth distal phalangeal bone for the first time. Localized abnormal findings were noted by bone X-ray and scanning. By a histopathologic examination of the amputated toe, we confirmed the metastasis of epidrmoid bronchogenic carcinoma. Conclusion: If localized abnormal finding is discovered at an unusual site for metastasis, we recommend physicians to consider the possibility of metastasis even though it is very low.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-69
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• 2005

This Study was designed to investigate the effect of Sunkihwalhyul -Tang extract(SHT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal and cerebral ischemic rats, and further to determine the mechanisms of action of SHT on hemodynamics. In addition, this study was designed to investigate whether SHT inhibits lactate dehydrog enase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells and cytokines production in serum of cerebral ischemic rats. The results were as follows 1. SHT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent manner, but MABP was not changed by injecting SHT. These results suggest that SHT significantly increases rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. The SHT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin(IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase and methylene blue(MTB, $10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 3. The SHT-induced dilation in PAD was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with IDN and MTB. 4. The SHT-induced some increase in MABP was significantly increased by pretreatment with IDN. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of SBT is mediated by guanylate cyclase. 5. Both rCBF and PAD were significantly and stably increased by SHT(10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the period of cerebral reperfusion, which contrasted with the findings of rapid and marked increase in control group. 6. SBH significantly inhibited LDH activity in neuronal cells. These results suggest that SHT prevents the neuronal death. 7. In cytokine production in the senlm drawn from femoral artery 1 hr after middlecerebral arterial occlusion, sample group showed significantly decreased production of IL-1$\beta$ production, decreased production TNF-$\alpha$ and increased Production of IL-10 compared with control group. 8. In cytokine production in the serum drawn femoral artery 1 hr after reperfusion, sample group showed significantly decreased production of IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ as wellas significantly increased production of IL10 compared with control group. These results suggest that SHT mediated by guanylate cyclase has inhibitive effect on the brain damage by inhibiting LDH activity, IL-1$\beta$ and TNF-$\alpha$ production, and by accelerating IL-10 production. The present author thinks that SHT has an anti-ischemic effects through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive enects on the brain damage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 1994

Visual features of a mushromm(Lentinus Edodes L.) are critical in sorting and grading as most agricultural products are. Because of its complex and various visual features, grading and sorting of mushrooms have been done manually by the human expert. Though actions involved in human grading look simple, it decision making underneath the simple action comes from the result of the complex neural processing of visual image. Recently, an artificial neural network has drawn a great attention because of its functional capability as a partial substitute of the human brain. Since most agricultural products are not uniquely defined in its physical properties and do not have a well defined job structure, the neuro -net based computer visual information processing is the promising approach toward the automation in the agricultural field. In this paper, first, the neuro - net based classification of simple geometric primitives were done and the generalization property of the network was tested for degraded primitives. And then the neuro-net based grading system was developed for a mushroom. A computer vision system was utilized for extracting and quantifying the qualitative visual features of sampled mushrooms. The extracted visual features of sampled mushrooms and their corresponding grades were used as input/output pairs for training the neural network. The grading performance of the trained network for the mushrooms graded previously by the expert were also presented.