• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1204-1221
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to identify the components of scaffolding in open inquiry and to explore the functions of teachers' scaffolding, which is necessary to support students' open inquiry. In order to identify scaffolding components, at first, we conducted a survey using a questionnaire on what students think about open inquiry on 110 students who performed open inquiry in two middle schools, and then carried out factor analysis based on the survey results. It was attempted to investigate students' perception through focus group interviews corresponding to scaffolding components that were identified through factor analysis. Also, we examined teachers' empirical view of scaffolding functions in open inquiry through in-depth interviews with four teachers. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed that there were five scaffolding components of open inquiry: motivation, planning, strategy, environment and participation. The results of focus group interviews showed that students experienced difficulties in planning, strategy, environment and participation components, except for motivation component. In particular, students asked for support to strengthen the participation component, which means recognizing their role, active participation and collaboration with peers. Meanwhile, the results of in-depth interviews with teachers showed that teachers' empirical views of scaffolding function in open inquiry were categorized as cognitive (conceptual, metacognitive), emotional (motivational, arbitrative) and strategic. Interviewed teachers preferred the strategic scaffolding and cognitive scaffolding to the emotional scaffolding. Based on the results, we also discussed the implications for performing open inquiry effectively.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.637-650
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• 2017

It is necessary for undergraduate students whose citizenship reaches a maturity stage to recognize the importance of citizen participation in social issues related to science and technology and to be able to make meaningful use of citizens' rights and responsibilities. Therefore, in order to understand the actual status of undergraduate students' perceptions and practice capacity for citizen participation in science and technology, university students were selected from the department of arts physical studies (33 cases), humanities social studies (62 cases), and science engineering studies (67 cases) at D university in Gyeonggi province. Then, we investigated the scientific technology and society's interaction oriented by citizen participation, responsible decision-making ability, and the effectiveness of the social issue by scientific technology. Analyses of the results reveal that the overall perception level of the students about the interaction between scientific technology and society was high according to department of the arts physical studies, humanities social studies, science engineering studies, in that order, but the scores were not all in average. Therefore, it was found that the current undergraduate students lacked a deep understanding of the interaction between scientific technology and society regardless of the major field. In addition, the students' perception on citizen participation in the interaction between scientific technology and society was found to be problematic regardless of the major field. In responsible decision-making ability, undergraduate students were found to have difficulties in selecting the best alternative in terms of individual beliefs and welfare of others and formulating the action strategies. In addition, the self-confidence of the students about knowledge, skill, and capacity for action related science and technology in the effectiveness of the social issue by scientific technology was very low regardless of major field. We discussed educational implications of these findings.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.67-83
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• 2018

This study explores how social media influences individual's social development and well-being. Social media is discussed as an effective tool when individuals lacking social and psychological resources are trying to expand their social networks. This study focuses on the social media use of North Korean defectors, who, in general, have closed social media networks in the South Korean society. This study tries to analyze empirically the effect of social media use on North Korean defectors' satisfaction with our society. In particular, this study focuses on how the use of social media influences satisfaction with their life in South Korea at different levels of their emotional states. This study explores that the relationship between social media and satisfaction with their life in South Korea varies based upon the degree of self-esteem and anxiety. This study expects that social media might provide greater benefits for those who are experiencing low self-esteem and high anxiety. In addition, this study conducts the same analysis for the general public and then compares its results with the survey on North Korean defectors. According to the results of North Korean defectors' survey, the impact of social media use on satisfaction with their life in South Korea was greater for those with high anxiety than for those with low anxiety. Meanwhile, the impact was greater for those with high self-esteem than for those with low self-esteem.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.1887-1891
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• 2010

전자파표면유속계를 이용한 홍수유속측정에 있어서 수심평균유속환산계수로 0.85를 표면유속에 일률적으로 적용하도록 제시하고 있다. 그 동안 이의 적절성 여부에 대한 논의가 꾸준히 지속되어져 왔다. 이에 전자파 표면유속계를 개발하고 상품화하여 보급시킨 개발 주체의 입장에서 이에 대한 검증을 시도하였다. 이의 검증을 위해서 가장 중요한 것은 정해진 측정지점의 유량측정시각의 정확한 유량을 파악해야 함은 필수조건이다. 하지만 유량측정지점의 유량의 참값은 알기는 참으로 어려운 일이다. 이에 지금까지는 댐의 방류량을 참값이라고 가정을 하고 여러 가지 기기를 이용한 유량측정을 실시하여 각 기기의 측정오차를 비교하는 기준유량으로 댐방류량을 이용하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 방류량의 정확성 파악에 의하여 수심평균유속환산계수의 적정성 여부를 검토하고자 하였다. 또한 이에 대한 이론적인 접근의 방법으로서 유속분포곡선식으로부터 수심평균유속환산계수를 산정하여 이를 기존에 표면유속을 평균유속으로 환산하기 위해서 적용하였던 계수와 비교를 하였다. 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수로 이용한 0.85에 대한 이론적인 검증을 위해서 Power law형의 유속분포식으로부터 수심평균유속환산계수를 유도한 결과 하상의 재료에 따라 0.833 (거친 하상)~0.875 (부드러운 하상)의 범위에 분포하였다. 이는 환산계수로 이용하고 있는 0.85는 유속분포가 크게 변동하지 않은 경우에 수심 평균유속을 환산하는데 이용함에 무리가 없음을 보여준다. 기존의 대청댐 방류량을 이용한 수심평균유속환산 계수를 산정한 결과를 분석한 결과 환산계수가 0.828~0.868의 범위에 분포하고 있다. 즉 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수로 이용을 하고 있는 0.85와 비교했을때 ${\pm}3%$의 오차를 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. 대청댐 방류량에 대한 검증을 위해서 여러 가지 기기를 이용한 동시 유량 측정을 실시하였고, 전자파표면유속계로 측정한 표면유속에 기존의 수심평균유속환산계수 0.85를 적용했을때의 유량산정 결과를 다른 방법에 의한 측정 결과 및 방류량과 비교를 실시하였다. ADCP 측정은 유량조사사업단과 한국수자원공사 충청지역본부의 도움을 받아 실시하였는데, 유량조사사업단은 9회 측정하여 평균한 유량이 242.0 cms, 충청지역본부에서는 6회 측정하여 평균한 결과가 234.6 cms이었고, 전자파표면유속계로 측정한 표면유속을 이용하여 산정한 유량이 249.0 cms이었으며, 동시유량 측정당시 방류량은 242 cms이었다. ADCP를 이용한 유량측정에 있어서, 각 측정시의 유량측정 오차가 최대 20% 까지 나타나고 있다. 반면 대청댐의 발전 방류량은 거의 일정한 수준을 유지했던 것을 감안할 경우 유량측정 기간에 하류의 조정지댐으로 인한 배수효과의 영향으로 ADCP를 이용한 유량측정값에 변동이 발생한 것으로 추측된다. 전반적으로 부자를 제외하고는 사용된 유량측정 방법들이 거의 동일한 값을 보임을 알 수 있다. 또한 표면유속에 기존의 환산계수를 적용하여도 유량산정이 다른 방법과 유사하게 산정됨을 알 수 있다.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

Private security organizations are complementary to the national safety of life and property of individuals as a social role to play in maintaining peace and order. Pursuit of profit is to the public practice according to the logic of capitalist markets and customers seeking to protect the lives and property. However, the legal and institutional constraints of private security is being requirements inhibited by the development. Crime prevention as a private security role that the private companies, which will pursue the public interest. After all, the expansion of the private security crime is results in an increase in unit. The current level of private security in the 1970s remain, and the constraints is being under goodwill and expertise outside of the training system on the market. Variety of crimes, including cyber crime increases and considering the reality of the constraints on private security requirements are able to improve or supplement shall be realistic. In particular, the legal, regulatory and institutional factors must be improved, with goodwill, and for the creation of new industrial policy as a complement to the public interest should be also provided. The private security law interests through integration of private security guards should be guaranteed, and the term of the theorem, sales activities, ensuring the training of professional staff with professional qualifications system is to be settled. As a private security guard industry growth and development can be based on this composition.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.5-20
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• 2020

The study aimed at identifying the causes of the high level of health application but the low level of use. In other words, the effects of user's innovation resistance (use barrier, value barrier, risk barrier, traditional barrier, image barrier, etc.) were examined. For this study, 378 valid responses were collected by conducting surveys with college students. Findings indicated the higher the level of image barrier of the user, the higher the degree of innovation resistance for the health application, and the higher the degree of innovation resistance, the lower intention of continuous use and recommendation. In addition, the level of use barriers, value barriers and traditional barriers did not have a significant effect on the degree of innovation resistance, suggesting that users familiar with smartphones have low resistance to health applications. The study deepens the theoretical discussion about the adoption and continuous use of new technologies by explaining the use of health applications in the theory of innovation resistance. The findings of the study provide the practical implications that lowering the image barriers rather than the usage barriers, value barriers and traditional barriers will be effective for the adoption and continuous use of health applications.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2005

On January 1, 2005, the Special Act on Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement, known as the Blue Sky 21 Program, entered into force. This Special Act is aimed at reducing the annual average concentrations of $PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$ to $40{\mu}g/m^3$ and 22ppb, respectively, from their current levels of $76{\mu}g/m^3$ and 36ppb, within the next 10 years. While the main focus of the Act is to reduce $PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$ emissions, the government also anticipates that these reductions would lessen high ozone occurrences and improve visibility. However, reducing local PM emissions would not decrease $PM_{10}$ concentrations as much as expected since other significant sources, such as continental inflow and/or secondary formation from photochemical reactions, exist. This is corroborated by the fact that $PM_{10}$ in the greater Seoul Metropolitan area during the ozone season is mostly in the form of $PM_{2.5}$, which is secondarily formed on a regional scale. Furthermore, many modeling results indicate so-called '$NO_x$ disbenefits,' referring to the fostering of an increase in ozone concentrations from a decrease in $NO_x$ emissions, over an extensive area. In this paper, the current status of air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan area is reviewed, and several other issues, including the effect of long-range transport, photochemical characteristics, and tasks for successful implementation of the Special Act are discussed.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.99-129
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• 2014

This research estimates the impact of population aging on energy use and carbon emissions by energy sources and by industrial sectors in Korea until 2035. For the estimation, the structural change in household consumption expenditure identified by the age-specific consumption pattern was analyzed in conjunction with energy and environment input-output tables. The estimation result presents that, despite the population aging, energy use and carbon emissions induced by household consumption continue to increase until 2026, and then that elevated levels of energy use and carbon emissions will be maintained for a considerable period of time. According to the estimation by energy sources, the use of natural gas will show substantial increase while the use of crude oil will switch to a downturn at a relatively early period. According to the estimation by industrial sectors, carbon emissions in the sectors with relatively high consumption share of old households such as medical health, dwelling, lighting, heating, air-conditioning, and food will have substantial increase, whereas those in the sectors associated with education, transport, catering, and accommodation services will turn downward relatively early. In addition, the study analyzes through policy simulation the impact of aging-related policy similar to the basic pension system, which is recently being discussed for legislation, on energy use and carbon emissions.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.147-169
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• 2016

This study analyzed the international research trend of the secondary school level engineering education published from 2004 to 2014 in four major journals associated with technology education. The findings of this study were as followings First, regarding the published year, the studies related to the secondary school level engineering education were started from 2004 and had been conducted most actively from 2007 to 2011 (32 pieces). However, the number of studies decreased after 2012. Second, regarding the research topic, the number of study followed by 'survey/investigation' (16 pieces), 'establishment of concept/theoretical discussion' (11 pieces), 'verification of teaching method/models' effect' (10 pieces), 'teaching method/model observation' (7 pieces), 'development of concept/teaching method/model' (4 pieces). Third, regarding the research subject, the number of study followed by 'high school student' (17 pieces), 'literature' (16 pieces), 'teacher' (12 pieces), 'professor' (5 pieces). Fourth, regarding the research method, the number of study followed by 'survey research' (13 pieces), 'literature research' (12 pieces), 'qualitative research' (12 pieces), 'experimental research' (6 pieces), 'integrated research' (5 pieces). Based on the conclusion of this study, there are the needs for further studies to establish theoretical foundation on the engineering concept and content elements in secondary school level, investigate technology teachers' perception toward the implementation of engineering education, and analyze secondary school students' problem solving process.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Recently the first stage of construction for Busan new port emerged over the sea surface at the north container terminal site. With this, there are lot of discussions and debates on increasing the water depth at the approaching channel and mooring basin from the existing 15m to 18m by dredging work in order to be able to serve 12,000TEU containership, and at the same time, correction to the reclamation plan of hinterland at the part of Undong Bay of the new port site. Since the attack of typhoon 'Maemi' in 2003, it is expected that the design wave parameters for coastal and harbor structures in this area would be somewhat changed and so the extreme wave condition at each terminal and tranquility of berthing area does, and therefore, it is necessary to analyze the tranquility at each berth. Hence in this study, we constructed a wave model for these conditions and performed simulation together with the circulation model simulation, compared with the field data collected. The result showed the increase of the harbor response throughout the basin but not severe condition. However, a certain location needs to be prepared for the rough sea condition when a severe typhoon hit the site.