• Journal of International Area Studies (JIAS)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.345-368
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• 2009

Our research task have goal to describe a treaty rhetoric known as 『La Rhétorique ou L'Art de Parler』(1688) which corresponds to a very wide field of which the step is not yet dubious in our country. Thus to study the rhetoric of Lamy borrowed from the thought of Descartes, we left the concept d' origin of language in traditional rhetoric in connection with logic and grammar (in first part). Also the second part is devoted to the tropes and the figures that are modified and deteriorated by the language of passion called 'rhetoric of passion or psychological of figure', etc. And the third part interests in the body of the speech being the character of l' heart. Under the influence of the rhetoric of Lamy, French rhetoric at the 17th century is held for an essential text when one interests in the history of the ideas and rhetoric, marked in its specificity (passion). The project of Lamy registered in the concept of passion like 'manners of speaking'. To close this study, which does one have to retain? The first remark to note is that Lamy founds his rhetoric in opposition to traditional designs dating from the beginning of Aristote. Second remark is the idea that one finds based in famous the books of Dumarsais at the 18th century and Fontanier at the 19th century. Admittedly, Lamy is a true rhetorician, grammairien which interests in the question of passions in the speech forces to reconsider the idea spread since Mr. Foucault, and makes it possible to understand the passage of the Great century at the Century of Lumuères. Even if this opinion is not shared, it will be agreed that the work of Lamy on passions or the phenomena sensory and psychological in the center of the language deserves reflexion.

• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.53-73
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• 2019

Recently, as the number of shopping facilities has increased, such as complex shopping malls, warehouse type superstores, large fashion outlets, and so on, the conflicts over the opening of large stores between neighboring municipalities are increasing. However, current regulations on the opening of large-scale stores, such as the impact analysis on commercial area, do not adequately reflect the characteristics of new type shopping facilities. In this study, we tried to suggest a rational policy alternative with more realistic suitability by analyzing the characteristics of 'regional shopping facilities' beyond the scope of the municipalities, and analyzing the impact on the regional merchants. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. First, unlike previous researches, which are limited to small business sector, this study presents the results of comprehensively comparing and analyzing the impact on the detailed sectors of the whole distribution market, including the large distribution sector and online distribution sector. Second, in this study, we calculated the total (average) amount of market penetration rate of existing shopping facilities by the entire regional shopping facilities in the Seoul metropolitan area, and this is considered to be of great value in relation to the recognition of problems at the whole level of the metropolitan area and the search for alternative solutions.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.99
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• pp.69-100
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• 2012

Die Gegenwart steht den Tatsachen der Gewalt gegenüber. Wesentlich destruktive Techniken können den kollektiven Tod des Menschen als Gattung produzieren. Die Destruktivität dieser Techniken ist durch Skeptizismus geistesgeschichtlich gerechtfertigt. Ebelings Fundamentalpragmatik ist Reflexionstheorie der widerstandsfähigen Vernunft, welche einer Sozialisierung derjenigen Gewalt widersteht, die in einer gegenwärtigen Aussicht auf universale Selbstdestruktion des Menschen Tod produziert. Selbstbewußtsein (Apperzeption) ist bei Kant Selbstbewußtsein in Gegenstandsbewußtsein. Mit kritischer Auslegung von Kant zeigt Heidegger endlich, daß der Tod der Selbstbeziehung des konkreten Daseins als des In-der-Welt-seins gehört. Aber seine existenziale Analytik berücksichtigt nur individuelles Dasein zum Tode und vernachlässigt die Allgemeinheit des menschlichen Todes bzw. die dem allgemeinen Untergang widerstehende Vernunft. Apel kritisiert ein solipsistisches Erbe von Kants Bewußtseinsphilosophie und präsentiert ein Argument der Letztbegründung zur Überwindung des Skeptizismus. Aber seine Transzendentalpragmatik vernachlässigt die Endlichkeit des menschen und zeigt ein Defizit der fundamentalpragmatischen Vereinigung der Vernunft und des Todes. Aufgrund des gegenwärtigen Todesbewußtseins, das Heideggers Todesdeutung transformiert, rekonstruiert Ebelings Existentialpragmatik Heideggers Dasein zu Existenzsubjekt. Seine Fundamentalpragmatik vollzieht diejenige Erstbegründung, die zwischen der existentialpragmatischen Endbegründung des Todes und der transzendentalpragmatischen Letztbegründung vermittelt, und damit bestimmt sie Vernunft als Widerstandsbewußtsein (das bewußte Sein) gegen den Tod. Also ist sie neue transzendentalphilosophische Bewußtseinsphilosophie, die mit der neuen Selbstbestimmung der Vernunft entwickelt wird.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.143-166
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• 2012

This paper deals in depth with airline over-booking practices and legal questions therefrom in the light of public interests. Chapter I as an introduction gives clear ideas of what are the over-booking, fact-revealing current state of denied boarding and nature of the problems inherent but veiled in those practices. In Chapter II, it is reviewed whether legal instruments for DBC(Denied Boarding Compensation) are adequately equipped for airline passengers in R. O. K. Upon the results of the review that international law to which Korea is a party, domestic law and administrative preparedness for the DBC are either null or virtually ineffective, the Chapter by contrast illustrates how well the U. S. and the E. U. safeguard civil rights of their passengers from such an 'institutionalized fraud' as the over-booking. In Chapter III on which a main emphasis lies, it is examined whether the over-booking practice constitutes a criminal offense: Fraud. In section 1, the author identifies actus reus and mens rea required for fraud then compares those with every aspect of the over-booking. In conjunction with the structural element analysis, he reviews the Supreme Court's precedents that lead the section into a partial conclusion that the act of over-booking judicially constitutes a crime of fraud. Despite the fulfillment of drawing up an intended answer, the author furthers the topic in section 2 by arguing a dominant view from Korean academia taking opposite stance to the Supreme Court. The commentators assert, "To consummate a crime of fraud, there must be property damage of the victim." For this notion correlates with a debate on legally protected interest in criminalization of fraud, the section 2 shows an argument over 'Rechtgut' matters specific to fraud. The view claims that the Rechtgut comes down rather to 'right to property' than 'transactional integrity' or 'fair and equitable principles'. However, the section concludes that the later values shall be deemed as 'freedom in economic decision-making' which are the benefit and protection of the penal law about fraud. Section 3 demonstrates the self-contradiction of the view as it is proved by a conceptual analysis that the infringement on freedom in economic decision-making boils down to the 'property damage'. Such a notion is better grounded in section 4 by foreign court decisions and legislation in its favour. Therefore, this paper concludes that the airline's act of over-booking is very likely to constitute fraud in both theory and practice.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.193-203
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• 2013

The social welfare service is expanding to different field as the social welfare budget is increasing. By this opportunity, it needs to make clear of the basis of argument that the necessity of development of korean government's support and aid by social policy should be worked. Welfare economics perspective, this study used by the operating expenditure in welfare facilities for the elderly old people to effect social benefits to be gained, in other words, business value analysis. Local elderly people, provide opportunities to participate in the economic activities of the family welfare services offered to attainment of the elderly welfare policy, and provide disease prevention and health promotion opportunities, to enhance the satisfaction of life, including a wide range of impact will cause. In this study, elderly people use the welfare facilities for the elderly when they get the benefits by applying the AHP analysis techniques operating value was calculated. Elderly Welfare Center operated by the result of applying P senior welfare center Case of the metropolitan area value was estimated 248.4 billion won. Contribute to the effects caused by the cost factor of the analysis was 23.1% of the total 57.3 billion won. Independence elements 57.6 billion (23.2%), the analysis of the therapeutic elements 133.4 billion (53.7%) of the net was. The result of the study anticipates the role of basic research material for the necessity of intervention, support, and aid by the Welfare facilities for the elderly field at this point in time where the welfare budget policy in terms of universal social service is reinforced, rather than the trend, until recently, of realizing the Elderly welfare budget and service as Consumption expenditure and consumable benefits and the function of performing the effect and evaluation in tentative action of social conflict.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.163-173
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• 2014

Budget for social welfare social welfare with a sharp increase in business is to be expanded in various fields. At this point, do the social welfare policies of local governments and assistance projects supported by the Seoul Metropolitan Government's justification and rationale for concluding that we need clarity, and welfare economics point of this study is related to social welfare spending budget and other areas in Seoul quantitative effects of the economic effects were investigated. Social welfare policy for the achievement of corporate and personal consumption spending behavior is continuously and directly or indirectly derived thereby, and Seoul Industry Input-Output Tables in this study to re-create the social welfare spending as the economic effects of production, value added, employment, work and how do you contribute to the quantitative estimation of suggested. Municipal social welfare spending in Seoul by the annual production of 10.02 trillion won sikimyeo caused, directly or indirectly Article 6 billion in 4936 to spread the value was analyzed. In addition, employment and 203,430.3 132,992.3 people letting people was estimated to generate employment. These results suggest that social welfare spending and social spending in the atmosphere is recognized as a social and financial pressures caused controversy at the present time factor in the welfare sector and the government's social welfare policy in Seoul, intervention and support and assistance of the the validity of the justification debate eventually be supported through empirical analysis depends on whether we believe in, and for this study it as a basis for presenting the fundamental study has its significance. In addition, Korea is not a welfare budget is spent volatile social and economic impact on a variety of industries that derive a significant number were found in this study, continued political support and social consensus through research is needed.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2007

This study was designed to investigate that inorganic germanium $(GeO_2)$ did not exist in germanium-fortified yeast or obtained to non-detectable value by current analytical methods and equipments. For this purpose, we achieved $GeO_2$ qualitative analysis protocol which could be the scientific basis of the study. Since reddish brown precipitate was formed from the reaction of $GeO_2$ with 1 equiv $NaBH_4$, and dark brown precipitate was also formed from the reaction of $GeO_2$ with 2 equiv $NaBH_4$, $GeO_2$ was qualitatively analyzed by observing these particular colored-precipitates. Because no color change was showed from the reaction between $NaBH_4$ and $SiO_2$, the color change could be caused by charge transfer transition on Ge-O and B binding properties. The reaction between $NaBH_4$ and germanium-fortified yeast did not show any color change and precipitate formation which meant no $GeO_2$ existed in germanium-fortified yeast. The reaction between $NaBH_4$ and supernatant specimen collected from the outside of dialysis membrane (MWCO 1,200 dalton) did not show any color change and precipitate formation. Therefore, we considered that the both germaniums in and outside of the dialysis membrane were organic germaniums. Germanium-fortified yeast which was biosynthesized organic germanium can be applied not only as a new functional material for improving health, prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases including cancers, and the regulation of immune system, but also as a new materials.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-92
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• 2011

Die soeben entwickelten Grundgs$\ddot{a}$tze k$\ddot{o}$nnen dazu f$\ddot{u}$hren, dass es bei Fluggesellschaften zum Abschluss mehrerer Tarifvertr$\ddot{a}$ge $\ddot{u}$ber Personalvertretungen durch verschidene Gewerkschften kommt. Dies leitet schlie${\ss}$lich zu der bereits angesprochenen Problematik der Tarifkonkurrenz $\ddot{u}$ber. Tarifkonkurrenz zeichnet sich bekanntlich dadurch aus, dass f$\ddot{u}$r dasselbe Rechtsverh$\ddot{a}$ltnis dieselbe Regelungsmaterie durch mehr als einen Tarifvertrag geregelt wird. Eine solche Tarifkonkurenz kann unabh$\ddot{a}$ngig von der Frage, ob Regelungsgegenstand betriebsverfassungsrechtlicher Normen ein betriebliches Rechtsverh$\ddot{a}$ltnis ist, auch bei dieser Art von Tarifnormen auftreten. Dabei betriebsverfassungsrechtlichen Kollektivnormen gem$\ddot{a}{\ss}$ $\S$3 Abs. 2 TVG die Tarifbindung des Arbeitgebers f$\ddot{u}$r die Anwendungsbarkeit gen$\ddot{u}$gt, wird beim Vorhandensein mehrerer solcher Tarifvertr$\ddot{a}$ge h$\ddot{a}$ufig pauschal von einer in jedem Fall aufzul$\ddot{o}$senden tarifkonkurrenz gesprochen. $\ddot{U}$berschneiden sich die Geltungsbereiche mehrerer Tarifvertr$\ddot{a}$ge $\ddot{u}$ber personalvertretungsrechtliche Fragen der im Luftbetrieb t$\ddot{a}$tigen Besch$\ddot{a}$ftigten und handelt es sich nicht um textidentische Regelungen, f$\ddot{u}$hrt indes kein Weg daran vorbei, dass eine Tarifkonkurenz besteht, die einer Aufl$\ddot{o}$sung bedarf. Die Rechtsprechung hat sich zur speziellen Fragen der Aufl$\ddot{o}$sung einer Konkurrenz betriebsverfassungsrechtlicher Tarifnormen soweit ersichtlich noch nicht ge$\ddot{a}$u${\ss}$ert. Nicht zuletzt aus diesem Grund wird in der Literatur ein buntes Spektrum an L$\ddot{o}$sungen pr$\ddot{a}$sentiert, wobei sich die meisten neueren Stellungnahmen vor allem mit Organisationstarifvertr$\ddot{a}$gen im Sinne von ${\S}$3 BetrVG besch$\ddot{a}$ftigen.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.247-276
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• 2017

The protection of space asset has been new major cause of space militarization. For such purpose, it has been officially announced that a policy of deterring and denying any adversaries from accessing the outer space. Space militarization is to be conversed into a new concept of space weaponization. The USA has announced its policy of space weaponization, while China and Russia have not revealed their plan or policy. Latter States, however, have proposed a draft treaty limiting the deployment of warfare in the outer space. The terms of the Outer Space Treaty, reflecting three significant United Nations General Assembly resolutions from the 1960s, support the position that ground rules must be observed in the exploration and the use of outer space, particularly in the absence of specific space law rules. Yet the combination (and culmination) of these two approaches to the legal regulation of outer space-specific rules as and when agreed by the international community and the translation of principles developed for terrestrial regulation to outer space-still leaves much room for uncertainty and exploitation for military and strategic purposes. As space weaponization may contribute to deterring the use of weapon, it may be not against the UN Charter Article 2(4). If space weaponization might generate the space debris such that the outer space is no more available for exploration and use, it is against the proportionality principle and discrimination principle enshrined in the laws of the war. But, if the limitation upon the kind and use of space weaponization is agreed among the States, then the space weaponization may not be against the laws of the war, and be considered permissible within the rationale of limited war.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.199-236
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• 2014

This paper analyses from the perspective of distributive justice the legal mechanisms for international allocation of orbital slots, which are of co-owned nature and thereby limited natural resources in outer space. The allocative function is delegated to the International Telecommunication Union. The Radio Regulation, amongst such other legal instruments as the Constitution and Convention, by which the ITU and contracting States thereof abides, dictates how the orbital positions are distributed. Thus, the RR is thoroughly reviewed in the essay. The mechanisms are in a broad sense categorized into two systems: 'a posteriori system' where the 'first come, first served' principle prevails; and 'a priori system' designed to foster the utilisation of the slots by those who lack space resources and are, in especial, likely to be marginalised under the former system. The argument proceeds on the premise that a posteriori system places the under-resourced States in unfavourable positions in the securement of the slots. In contrast with this notion, seven factors were instantiated for an assertion that the degradation of the distributive justice derived from the 'first come, first served' rule, which lays the foundation for the system, could be either mitigated or counterbalanced by the alleged exceptions to the rule. However, the author of this essay argues for counterevidences against the factors and thereby demonstrating that the principle still remains as an overwhelming doctrine, posing a threat to the pursuit of fair allocation. The elements he set forth are as in the following: 1) that the 'first come, first served' principle only applies to assignments capable of causing harmful interferences; 2) the interoperability of the principle with the 'rule of conformity' with the all the ITU instruments; 3) the viability of alternative registrations, as an exception of the application of the principle, on the condition of provisional and informational purposes; 4) another reference that matters in deciding the priority: the types of services in the TFA; 5) the Rule of Procedure H40 proclaiming a ban on taking advantage of coming first to the Register; 6) the technical factors and equity-oriented norms under international and municipal laws along with; 7) the changes of 'basic characteristics' of registered assignments. The second half of this essay illustrates by examining the relevant Annexes to the Regulation that the planned allocation, i.e., a priori system, bear the structured flaws that hinder the fulfillment of the original purpose of the system. The Broadcasting and Fixed Satellite Systems are the reviewed Plans in which the 'first come, first served' principle re-emerges in the end as a determining factor to grant the 'right to international recognition' to administrations including those who has not the allotted portions in the Plan.