Browse > Article

Qualitative Analysis of $GeO_2$ in Germanium-Fortified Yeast.  

Kim, So-Yeun (Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Myoung-Hee (Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, Chonnam National University)
Woo, Hee-Gweon (Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology Research Center, Chonnam National University)
Kim, Bo-Hye (Department of Korea Medicinal Supply, Dongshin University)
Sohn, Tsang-Uk (Geranti Pharm. Ltd.)
Jung, Jin-Wook (Geranti Pharm. Ltd.)
Baek, Dae-Heoun (Geranti Pharm. Ltd.)
Publication Information
Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters / v.35, no.2, 2007 , pp. 163-172 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate that inorganic germanium $(GeO_2)$ did not exist in germanium-fortified yeast or obtained to non-detectable value by current analytical methods and equipments. For this purpose, we achieved $GeO_2$ qualitative analysis protocol which could be the scientific basis of the study. Since reddish brown precipitate was formed from the reaction of $GeO_2$ with 1 equiv $NaBH_4$, and dark brown precipitate was also formed from the reaction of $GeO_2$ with 2 equiv $NaBH_4$, $GeO_2$ was qualitatively analyzed by observing these particular colored-precipitates. Because no color change was showed from the reaction between $NaBH_4$ and $SiO_2$, the color change could be caused by charge transfer transition on Ge-O and B binding properties. The reaction between $NaBH_4$ and germanium-fortified yeast did not show any color change and precipitate formation which meant no $GeO_2$ existed in germanium-fortified yeast. The reaction between $NaBH_4$ and supernatant specimen collected from the outside of dialysis membrane (MWCO 1,200 dalton) did not show any color change and precipitate formation. Therefore, we considered that the both germaniums in and outside of the dialysis membrane were organic germaniums. Germanium-fortified yeast which was biosynthesized organic germanium can be applied not only as a new functional material for improving health, prevention and treatment of chronic degenerative diseases including cancers, and the regulation of immune system, but also as a new materials.
Keywords
Germanium-fortified yeast; germanium dioxide; germanium-amino acid; sodium borohydride;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 Lee, H. K., J. S. Kim, and T. B. Kang. 2004. Extraction of organic germanium compound from garlic. Inst. National Sci. Sangmyung Univ. 12: 1-18
2 Lee, S. H., S. D. Ahn, S. N. Rho, and T. U. Sohn. 2005. A study on preparation and binding properties of germanium-fortified yeast. J. Korean Soc. Appl. Biol. Chem. 48: 382-387
3 Sandra, G. 1988. Therapeutic effects of organic germanium. Medical Hypothesis 26: 207-215   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Sanai, T., S. Okuda, and K. Onoyama. 1991. Chronic tubulointestitial changes induced by germanium dioxide in comparison with carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide. Kidney. Int. 40: 882-890   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Assai, K. 1980. in Miracle Cure-Organic germanium. Japan publications Inc., New York, pp. 51-55
6 Nobuhiro, W., I. Osamu, K. Takuro, and Y. Koichi. 1980. New approaches to using spent brewer's yeast. ASBC Journal. 38: 5-8
7 Lynn, M. R. and M. G. Geoffery. 1997. Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in vacuolar function a role for the vacuole in toxic metal iron detoxification. Microbiol. Lett. 152: 293-298   DOI
8 Wei, X. S. 1992. Effect of yeast on bioenrichment of germanium. Food Science. 149: 49-54
9 Arimori, S., K. Watanabe, M. Yoshita, and T. Nagao. 1981. Effect of Ge-132 as immunomodulator. In: Immunomodulation by microbial products and related synthetic compounds. Int. Symp. Osaka July 27-29
10 Klapcinska, B. and J. Chmielowski. 1986. Binding of germanium to Pseudomonas putida cells. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51: 1144-1147   PUBMED
11 Schroeder, H. A. and J. J. Balassa. 1967. Arsenic, germanium, tin, and banadium in mice: Effects on growth, survival and tissue levels. J. Nutri. 92: 245-252   DOI
12 Sanai, T., N. Oochi, and S. Okuda. 1990. Subacuten of germanium dioxide in the experimental animal. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 103: 345-353   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Badawi, A. M. and A. A. Hafiz. 2007. Synthesis and immunomodulatory activity of some novel amino acid germanates. J. Iran. Chem. Soc., 4: 107-113   DOI