• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to qualitatively examine the meaning of students' drawings in outdoor classes and modeling-based learning cycles. Ten students were observed in a gifted education center in Seoul. Under the theme of the Hantan River, three outdoor classes and three modeling activities were conducted. Data were collected to document all student activities during field trips and classroom modeling activities using simultaneous video and audio recording and observation notes made by the researcher and students. Please note it is unclear what this citation refers to. If it is the previous sentence it should be placed within that sentence's punctuation. Hatisaru (2020) Ddrawing typess were classified by modifying the representations in a learning context in geological field trips. We used deductive content analysis to describe the drawing characteristics, including students writing. The results suggest that students have symbolic images that consist of geologic concepts, visual images that describe topographical features, and affective images that express students' emotion domains. The characteristics were classified into explanation, generality, elaboration, evidence, coherence, and state-of-mind. The characteristics and drawing types are consecutive in the modeling-based learning cycle and reflect the students' positive attitude and cognitive scientific domain. Drawing is a useful tool for reflecting students' thoughts and opinions in both outdoor class and classroom modeling activities. This study provides implications for emphasizing the importance of drawing activities.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.605-609
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• 2022

Shaving for adult men is one of the essential requirements for life. For physiological reasons, most adult men have beards, and if men trim their beards and take good care of them, their appearance becomes cleaner. If a dull blade is used for a wet razor, or if an appropriate massage is not used, skin irritation may occur, resulting in shaving wounds. Therefore, the convenience and comfort of the razor are required as much as the skin becomes smooth after shaving. In this paper, a pre-shaving method of sound massage was proposed to reduce the irritation of wet shaving on the skin and increase the convenience of shaving. It softens the skin or secretes oil through non-face-to-face low-frequency speakers to increase skin gloss, making shaving smooth and safe. We recorded the sound of the wet shave state to determine the skin condition before and after the wet shave, and objectively compared and analyzed the effect with this sound spectrum. In other words, it can be seen from the experimental results that the sound massage before shaving reduces the friction between the razor and the skin and the skin and beard by -7.0 dB, improving the skin wound of the wet shave and achieving a refreshing shave.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.350-357
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• 2022

A national park is a place to conserve natural resources and visitors to experience nature, and thus, it is necessary to identify the noise distribution characteristic in the national park and preserve and restore the soundscape. However, most national parks in Korea are exposed to noise, leading to negative perceptions of the national park's soundscape and affecting the ecosystem. Many national parks in other countries have investigated the ecosystem impacts caused by noise and have performed various management to reduce the noise. However, in Korea, there is still a lack of awareness of the effect on the ecosystem, overlooking the need for soundscape management. Therefore, in this study, we developed a noise map of Mudeungsan National Park to investigate the quantitative impact of noise on visitors and the ecosystem. Also, we measured the trail's soundscape to describe a sound grade classification, and the soundscape of main spots in the park was recorded for a year and then analyzed. Finally, the sound resource distribution map was described, which can be used as preliminary data to determine the national park's sound distribution characteristics and manage the soundscape.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.201-214
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of model of the experiment in students' open inquiry. The research is a reinterpretation of the data collected from the performance of a three-year research project under the theme of 'school science inquiry' the perspective of model of the experiment. The inquiry activities of a focus group made up of four students have been recorded seven times. The recorded files and transcribed copies were analyzed according to interpretive methods. Students' activities were divided into three modeling of the experiment units, considering the modeling unit that includes the process of starting from the problem until it gets solved. The results of the study include illuminating the dynamic process and characteristics of modeling of the experiment and discussing its educational meaning as a distributed cognitive system at each modeling unit. First, students, instruments, and the primitive form of calculation represented by the interaction between them turned out to be important factors in the distributed cognitive system that constitutes model of the experiment. Second, in the early stages, non-verbal activities were carried out in which students became familiar with instruments, and verbal quantitative signs were created when the activities were sufficiently carried out. The generated quantitative signs became a source of data and confidence that can be referenced in subsequent activities. Third, the specialization of instrumentalization occurred, and factors that were important in inquiry, such as variable control, appeared. The results of the study provide new implications for science education research and education, which have been centered on explanatory models, by unfolding the characteristics of model of the experiment that have not been noticed in science education through students' inquiry.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.391-396
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to study the possibilities and limitations of arts education by utilizing SKT's ifland metaverse Platform for arts majors. To summarize the performance of the study, it is as follows. The subjects of the study were 50 students(25 experimental group, 25 control group) in Performing Arts, Entertainment and Music department of D University located at Gyeonggi, Korea. As a result of analyzing the difference between the pre-test and the post-test between the experimental group and the control group, it was found that there was a statistically significant effect on the effectiveness of the arts education method using the metaverse of the control group. It is hoped that the results of this study will be a case study that cannot be overlooked in the development of the today's arts educational medium as well as the virtual world in the field of arts and in cultural technology research, arts education is no longer a latecomer, but a leading pioneer and main agent, and I hope that it will become a new perspective for various studies connected with industry like the WAVE.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.65 no.6
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• pp.468-483
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• 2021

The purpose of this research was to analyze the impact of Collaborative Problem solving for Character competency (CoProC) applied science classes on the character competence and scientific affective characteristics of vocational high school students. To achieve this, two junior classes of chemical industry majors in a vocational high school, were selected as the experimental group with 43 participants, and character competence test, scientific affective characteristic test, group discussion voice recordings, reflection activity sheets were analyzed. Based on the results of the study, the experimental group showed a statistically significant differences in value for the total character competence test score compared to the control group, and it had statistically significant differences in the nine lower character competence factors. Based on the results of the scientific affective characteristic test result, the experimental group was higher in total score to a statistically significant degree compared to the control group, and showed a statistically significant difference in seven of the lower factors, excluding consistency in interest. Therefore, science classes with CoProC applied were effective in cultivating the character competence and enhancing the scientific affective characteristics of vocational high school students.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.127-134
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• 2022

Steganography is a hidden technique in which secret messages are hidden in various multimedia files, and it is widely exploited for cyber crime and attacks because it is very difficult for third parties other than senders and receivers to identify the presence of hidden information in communication messages. Botnet typically consists of botmasters, bots, and C&C (Command & Control) servers, and is a botmasters-controlled network with various structures such as centralized, distributed (P2P), and hybrid. Recently, in order to enhance the concealment of botnets, research on Stego Botnet, which uses SNS platforms instead of C&C servers and performs C&C communication by applying steganography techniques, has been actively conducted, but image or video media-oriented stego botnet techniques have been studied. On the other hand, audio files such as various sound sources and recording files are also actively shared on SNS, so research on stego botnet based on audio steganography is needed. Therefore, in this study, we present the results of comparative analysis on hidden capacity by file type and tool through experiments, using a stego botnet that performs C&C hidden communication using audio files as a cover medium in Telegram Messenger.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

The noise is defined as unwanted sound that causes discomfort and physical changes. This study was conducted to evaluate intensity of noise in the pediatric dental clinic and to investigate noise environment of a pediatric dentist. Human ear shaped microphone and mobile noise level meter were used for recording noise and calculating intensity of noise. By recording according to the method specified by Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) of Korea Ministry of labor and employment, the following results were obtained. For 16 experimental days, 8 hour time weighted average (8hr-TWA) was 49.33 dBA (A-weighted deci-Bell) on daily average with maximum 58.54 dBA and minimum 33.97 dBA. And Dose was 0.49% on daily average with maximum 1.28%, minimum 0.04%. These values are less than criteria of KOSHA standard (85 dBA, 100%). Comparing the highest noise level for each patient, pulp therapy group and Frankel grade I group were the highest. The intensity of dental noise of pediatric dental clinic didn't meet standard of KOSHA. It is necessary to re-evaluate noise environment by establishing new standards considering environment of pediatric dental clinic.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.567-578
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• 2022

In this study, we examine whether the description of the elementary science curriculum guide, the concept of evolution, and the beliefs of teachers affect the teaching practice in classes related to adaptation of elementary school teachers. First, we examined the alternative concept among the sentences described in the bio-adaptation-related unit of the 2009 Elementary Science Curriculum Teacher's Guide and identified the effects of this description on the teaching practice of elementary school teachers. Next, six elementary school teachers were classified according to the results of the evolutionary concept test paper and the evolutionary belief test paper, and based on the class recording data and interview data, whether there is a difference in teaching execution. As a result, it was confirmed that there were a total of 18 descriptions corresponding to the concept of evolutionary alternatives in the analysis of instruction descriptions, and that these descriptions influenced elementary school teachers' adaptation concepts and teaching practice. Next, the group with high and low levels of evolution differ in the areas of "recognition of importance in the unit, distinction between adaptation concepts in the general sense and adaptation concepts in the biological sense, errors in the class," and "recognition of evolutionary education needs in the elementary curriculum." This study is meaningful in that it qualitatively confirms the research on the evolution concept of elementary school teachers, which has been approached quantitatively, and in-depth, confirms how the description, evolution concepts, and evolutionary beliefs affect elementary school teachers' biological adaptation concepts.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.642-657
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate how elementary school students' science reading ability is influenced by collaborative problem-solving for competency instruction strategy using science reading text. This study recruited two groups of elementary students in fifth grade. The experimental group underwent an instruction strategy using science reading text, while the comparative group experienced a science class using a textbook. Afterward, data from the science reading ability tests, voice recordings of the discussion process involving each group, and class videos were collected and analyzed. The results showed that science classes that used collaborative problem-solving for their competency instruction strategy via science reading text were effective in enhancing elementary school students' science reading ability. Meanwhile, the science reading ability test results indicated that the experimental group had statistically higher total scores than the comparative group in the three subelements, especially "introspection and evaluation" and "integration and interpretation" owing to their significant improvement in high-level cognitive processes. In these classes, the students read the materials that the teacher provided, participated in the discussion based on what they have read, and had the chance to reflect on their reading processes. Overall, students' science reading ability was enhanced through this process.