• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2015

This paper aims to identify and clarify the cyber security risks and their interaction with the power system in Smart Grid. The EMS and other communication networks interact with the power system on a real time basis, so it is important to understand the interaction between two layers to protect the power system from potential cyber threats. In this study, the optimal power flow(OPF) and Power Flow Tracing are used to assess the interaction between the EMS and the power system. Through OPF and Power Flow Tracing based analysis, the physical and economic impacts from potential cyber threats are assessed, and thereby the quantitative risks are measured in a monetary unit.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2024

In order to use limestone powder as a material for concrete, the mechanical and durability characteristics of cement matrices manufactured by varying the substitution rate were evaluated. In general, limestone powder did not contribute to the cement hydration reaction, so as a result of the compressive strength test of cement mortar using it, the compressive strength decreased as the substitution rate increased. However, as a result of evaluating the durability performance of cement mortar using limestone powder, such as chloride ion penetration resistance, carbonation resistance, and chemical attack resistance, small particles of limestone powder showed superior results compared to the unsubstituted control mortar due to the micro-filler effect of filling the fine pores inside the cement matrix. Therefore, limestone powder is expected to be used as an effective method for improving the durability of concrete. In this study, the durability was evaluated by changing the mixing amount of limestone powder to 0 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %, but it is judged that it is necessary to study in more detail the effect on the durability by changing the end and mixing amount of limestone powder to various levels in the future.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.131-137
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• 2011

The development of underground space essentially leads to increase in construction cost and installation of a large structure also acts as a factor deteriorating fine sight of the city. Accordingly, there recently is a trend to make city center structures light and small if possible. In this study, for efficient development of underground space, we analyzed the change in the average delay time in comparison to the existing underpass and the influence thereof using a microscopic simulation software VISSIM 5.20 after controlling heavy vehicles not to use the underpass and to detour using the intersection above the underpass, and gradually increasing the ratio of heavy vehicles in accordance with v/c of the access road in order to examine efficiency of introducing an underpass exclusive to small cars at an underground road installed and being operated in a city road area, and presented installation standard for underpass exclusive to small vehicles adequate to the traffic characteristics. Considering the findings of the study, introduction of underpass exclusive to small cars judged to be beneficial in the aspects of reduction in the economic loss resulting from land purchase, environmental damage due to construction of large traffic structures and environment-friendly green traffic.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 2002

This study aimed to determine the effects of cooking treatment on chromaticity and 6 mineral contents (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium) in sea mustards. Four samples of natural and cultured sea mustard were used for the experiments. Each sample was treated with four cooking methods (A: soaked in water, B: boiled in hot water, C: saute and boiled in hot water, D: seasoned with vinegar). The L, a and b values were the highest on boiling, and the lowest on seasoning with vinegar. The a value of cultured sea mustard was higher than the natural one by cooking. Moisture was highest boiling and were ordered as saute and boiling, soaking and seasoning with vinegar. Calcium, iron, magnesium and phosphorus contents were remarkably decreased by seasoning with vinegar. Boiling treatment made less decrease than saut and boiling in these mineral contents. The solubilities of mineral in soup water were recognized therefore, it indicated that soup water was a good source of minerals as it applies to cooking, from the view point of science of cookery. Sodium and potassium contents decreased significantly more at 68% and 85% of total content on basic soaking treatment. Ca/P ratio was about 1∼3 : 1 in cultured sea mustard and 3∼4 : 1 levels in natural one.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.159-167
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• 2014

In eukaryotes, proteins that are secreted into ER are post-translationally modified by N-glycosylation, the patterns of which are significantly different between plant and animal cells. Biotechnology industry has already produced a number of therapeutic glycoproteins in plant cells. However, the aberrant glycosylation of therapeutic recombinant proteins in plant systems can cause immune problems in humans. Therefore, it is important to develop strategies for producing non-glycosylated forms to preserve biological activity and native conformation by a peptide: N-glycanase (PNGase). In this study, we try to isolate PNGase T gene from tomato, which can use as a platform plant for biotechnology industry. We isolated a cDNA (GenBank Accession number KM401550) from tomato leaves with 1,767 bp, which encoded a polypeptide of 588 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 65.8 kDa. We also investigated the expression patterns of PNGase T during fruit ripening of tomato. The transcripts of PNGase T, which were constitutively induced in tomato fruit from green stage, were significantly increased and reached a peak at orange stage. After which, those transcripts were continuously reduced. The expression pattern of PNGase T was coincided well with transcripts profiles of metacaspase gene, LeMCA, and senescence-related gene members of ACC synthase, LeACS2, LeACS4, and LeACS6, for ethylene biosynthesis during fruit ripening. These results suggest that PNGase T is involved in a de-glycosylation process associated with senescence and fruit ripening.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.197-210
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• 2007

This study focuses on the actual condition and level of residents' participation in the case of Jinmok village, located in Jeonnam province Jangheung-gun Hwejin-myeon, and presents suggestions to inspire residents' awareness and enhance participation. This village has been developing a Green Rural Tourism Village Building Project under management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Consequently, the importance of residents recognizing they are a "community" has been emphasized as well as promoting the residents cooperation as a community. In addition, it was necessary to research ways to inspire the village to realize the ultimate goal of building rural tourism village. For this, in the beginning of the project, profitable work needed to be provided for the residents to participate in. Constructive participation by all residents is essential in each stage of the project s development. Operating a farm stay or running lodging facilities are options that could be considered. Moreover, it is imperative to immediately establish a awareness about the importance of participation in those who might have a negative or impartial opinion about the project, by providing education. The most efficient way to encourage residents' participation is to support various opportunities for education and field trips. Through these efforts, the residents are able to raise their level of education and develop their man-power as well. Once more, providing an incentive for residents' reliance is the kernel of the project. Considering the state of Korean rural areas, which are rapidly aging and becoming depopulated, green tourism can be a practical alternative for continuing rural development.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.137-143
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• 2020

To ensure safety of raw materials for military foods, hazard assessment and monitoring of residual pesticides was conducted on agricultural products consumed by 9 companies based in Gyeongin and Gangwon. Residual pesticides were analyzed for 142 different products, by applying the multi-species pesticide polycomponent analysis method. Of the 36 samples analyzed, residual pesticides were detected in 7 samples, representing a detection rate of 19.4%. One particular pesticide residue was detected in peanuts, green onions, and red pepper powder, and 20 types of pesticide residues were detected in red pepper powder used in combat foods. However, all residues were found to be below the permissible level. Moreover, the hazard assessment results for Cypermethrin, Tebuconazole and EPN showed the highest concentration among the residual pesticides detected. Since the estimated intake was less than 100% as compared to the ingestion limit, it was considered to be safe. I have suggested the edit as per my understanding. Please review for accuracy, and revise appropriately if required. This is the first pesticide Risk Assessment study encompassing military requirements. Considering the results, we expect further application research, including research on reducing hazardous materials.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.110.2-110.2
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• 2011

바이오가스 생산은 현재 정부에서 추진하고 있는 저탄소 녹색성장으로 인해 더욱 그 가치의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 스웨덴 Scandinavian Biogas Fuel AB(SBF) 사의 바이오 가스 생산 기술을 이용함으로 소화효율을 개선하고 바이오가스 발생량을 극대화하였다. 전국 403개 공공하수처리시설 중 소화조가 설치된 처리시설은 65 개소이며 이중 57 개소에서 총 64개 소화조를 운영 중이다. 하지만 국내 소화조의 효율은 유입수질 저하, 운영, 관리 미숙으로 인해 전진국의 1/4 수준으로 에너지 이용률이 미미한 편이다. 환경부는 2010년부터 에너지 이용, 생산사용 확대, 추진을 위해 하수처리시설별 이용 가능한 에너지 잠재력의 종류, 양, 지역 내 수요자, 공급자 의 현황 규모 등을 정리해 2012년부터 에너지 이용사업 확대를 추진한다. SBF의 기술을 바탕으로 하수처리시설에서 들어오는 하루 슬러지 $1370m^3$와 음식물쓰레기 180t을 함께 처리하며 바이오가스 생산량을 더욱 늘렸다. 각 $7,000m^3$의 달걀모양(egg shape) 소화조 2개를 운영하며 생 슬러지와 음식물 쓰레기 처리 후 바로 소화조로 투입, 혐기 소화하는 방식이며 슬러지 최종처분방법은 탈수 후 소각된다. 반입되는 생 슬러지의 평균 TS 1.7%, VS 63% 이며 농축 후에는 평균 TS 9%, VS 75% 이다. 또 소화조로 들어가는 음식물 쓰레기는 평균 TS 8%, VS 85% 이며 소화 후 평균 TS 3.6% VS 59% 이다. 그리고 소화조의 pH는 7.3~7.8,유기산의 농도는 150mg/L~350mg/L, 가스발생량은 하루 평균 $26,500Nm^3$이며 소화효율은 평균 67%이다. 혐기성소화는 산소가 없는 무 산소 상태 에서 분해 가능한 유기물을 분해시켜 메탄으로 전환시키고 우리는 현재 이 가스를 소화조 가온에 사용하고, 판매하고 있다. 소화효율을 높이기 위하여 가온과 교반이 행해지는데 가온방식은 직접가온방식(증기주입식)과 간접가온방식(열교환방식)이 있다. 그중 우리는 간접가온방식을 채택하여 소화효율을 높였고 일반중온 혐기소화온도보다 약간 높은 $38^{\circ}C$로 운전한다. 그리고 일반적으로 알려진 교반방식인 가스교반, 기계교반, 이 둘은 병행한 교반이 아닌 독자적인 방법을 이용, 소화조 내의 슬러지가 정체되어 교반되지 않는 부분을 최소화 하였다. 이때 미생물이 투입되기 힘든 소화조 아래 쪽 으로도 고루분포 되어 슬러지를 이용 하게 되고 소화조 상하부의 온도차가 $1^{\circ}C$ 이하로 거의 완벽한 교반상태를 보여 줌 으로써 소화효율을 최대한으로 한다. 더욱이 소화일수 부족으로 인한 전반적 소화효율 저하가 발생하지 않도록 input과 output 조절을 통한 적정소화일수 20~25일을 최대한 맞추어 운전하여 소화조 설계용량의 평균 90%를 활용하고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.517-523
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• 2012

Double Stack Train(DST) is being used variously around USA and Canada. The greatest advantage of the DST is mass transportation without extending the length of freight train and number of cars. So the DST system can be a kind of innovative train to increase the competitiveness of rail logistic business. As the domestic rail logistic increase, for enhancement of environment friendly green transportation amount, the DST needs more for efficiency. In this study, as the alternative way to introduce the DST to the Kyungbu Line, it's investigated the extensibility of rail freight with the relation of rail fare discount and examined the necessity of pilot business to the Kyungjeon Line which was expected comparatively lower cost. If the DST system is introduced to the Kyungjeon Line, the cost of mass transportation can be much lower and then the comparativeness of rail transportation will be increased, therefore logistic companies can have some margin additionally. In the result of survey to the related companies, if rail transportation fare is 37.7 % cheaper than current road transportation fare, the modal shift can be transferred by maximum 100%.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2012

In order to resolve transportation system focused on vehicles which have led to all sorts of problems such as traffic congestion, air pollution and so on, Korea recently have tended to center around Transit Oriented Development(TOD) which is capable of initiating public traffic demands. It is imperative to develop objective evaluation method which is able to measure pedestrian environment and amenity in order to facilitate green transit. The purpose of this paper is to present evaluation indices and measurement framework of pedestrian environment by analyzing effect on TOD major planning factors such as diversity, density, design, and supply etc. For this, we applied evaluation index with regard to TOD planning factors, investigating connection to pedestrian and employed AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) so as to quantify the result of measurement in Jongro 3ga and Hangangjin station. As a result, we presented relationship between travel patterns of pedestrian and each TOD planning factor. More importantly, the proposed framework is expected to make the best of the visualization as well as evaluation method for the pedestrian accessibility, convenience of public transportation, and the mixed land-use patterns in subway area and transit center.