• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.482-482
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• 2017

기후변화로 인하여 가뭄 또는 홍수 등의 유역 수자원 피해가 빈번하게 발생하고 있기 때문에 이에 대응하기 위한 예측 및 적응방안 마련이 시급하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 유역의 물이용 취약성을 평가하고자 하였으며, 평가 지표는 취약성 정의에 따라 노출, 민감도, 적응능력으로 구성하였다. 일반적으로 미래 시나리오 적용 시 기후변화 요소는 고려하고 있으나 사회경제적 요소는 거의 반영되지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 강수 패턴의 변화를 반영한 기후변화 시나리오와 인구, 경제, 토지이용변화에 대한 사회경제 시나리오의 적용가능성을 고려하여 지표를 선정하였다. 이후 물이용 취약성의 정량적 평가를 위하여 다기준 의사결정기법(Multi-Criteria Decision Making)인 TOPSIS(Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution) 기법을 활용하여 취약성을 지수화하였다. 자료는 국가 통계 및 관측 자료와 각 시나리오를 통해 수집하였고, 유출량 등의 모의 자료는 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) 모형의 결과를 활용하였다. 타 유역에 비하여 기후변화 및 사회경제적 요소에 대한 영향이 큰 한강유역에 대하여 중권역별 물이용 취약성 순위를 도출하였다. 이를 통하여 기후변화 및 사회경제 시나리오를 적용한 물이용 취약성을 평가하고, 각 시나리오의 상대적 중요성을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.26-26
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• 2017

우리나라는 하천 및 호수 등 지표수에 대한 수자원 의존도가 매우 높다. 지표수는 태양광에 노출되어 있고, 기온의 영향을 직접 받기 때문에 기후변화에 대해 매우 민감한 수체이다. 기후변화로 인한 이상 저온, 이상 고온, 홍수, 가뭄 등의 자연 현상은 하천, 호수의 물리화학적 및 생태학적 특성을 변화(교란)시키고 있다. 이러한 기상현상에 변동되는 수질특성을 고려하여 기상청 확률기상예보를 구축된 인공신경망 예측모형의 입력인자로 적용하여 수질예보시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 모형구축은 실제 일어난 기상관측자료와 요인분석을 통해 분류한 수질인자를 반영하여 단위유역별 수질예측을 위한 ANN학습을 실시하였다. 각 단위유역마다 기상요인의 공간적 세밀화 적용을 위해 각각 남강A, 남강B는 산청기상대, 남강C, 남강D는 진주기상대, 남강E는 의령기상대 자료를 이용하였으며, 수질항목은 DO, BOD, COD, TOC, T-P, SS 총 6개로 단위유역 5개에서 총 30개 예측모형 구축을 위한 자료를 수집하였다. 학습된 인공신경망 예측모형에 기상청 확률예보 값을 입력인자로 사용하여 모형평가를 실시하였다. 5개 단위유역 중 상대적으로 유역관리의 시급성을 고려하여 남강댐 하류 단위유역인 남강D, 남강E 인공신경망 모형의 입력자료로 적용하여 평가하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2020

이 연구는 기후변화 위험에 노출되어 있는 북한에 대한 잠재증발산량의 미래 변화를 전망하였다. 이를 위해 IPCC AR5의 RCP 기후변화 시나리오로부터 모의된 미래 기온자료를 APCC (APEC Climate Center) Integrated Modeling (AIMS)를 사용하여 25개 관측 지점에 대해서 상세화하여, McGuinness-Borne 방법으로 잠재증발산량을 추정하였다. 6개의 성능 지표와 TOPSIS(Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)로 27개 GCMs 간의 과거 기후 재현성을 비교하여, 관측 지점 규모에서 적정 GCM을 선정하였다. 마지막으로 각 지점에서 선정된 대표 시나리오(representative climate change scenarios, RCCS)로 북한 지역의 잠재증발산량의 미래 변화를 3개의 구간(F1: 2011-2040; F2: 2041-2070; F3: 2071-2100)에서 all CCS(climate change scenario)와 비교하고, 미래 변화를 정량적으로 제시하였다. 그 결과 공간 해상도가 더 높은 GCM이 RCCS로 선정되었으며, 미래로 갈수록 잠재증발산량이 증가하리라 전망되었다. 또한, 여름철 잠재증발산량의 모델 간 변동성은 미래 구간에 따라 점진적으로 증가되었고, 연 평균 증발산량은 과거 기후대비 1.4배(F1), 2.0배(F2) 및 2.6배(F3) 증가하였다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This study has purpose to minimize the impact of climate change of Siheung. Vulnerability assessment was carried out for establishing the Siheung Climate Change Master Plan. Climate change vulnerability assessment analyzed using climate exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity indicators. A proxy variable is selected from each indicator. Meteorological data uses the RCP scenarios provided by the Meteorological Administration, and this study assumes that the same trend will continues in the future. Siheung are vulnerable to heavy rains in the flooded roads and farmland. Also, it is necessary to be careful heat wave in summer. The size and scale of the damage depends on the city's ability to respond to the impacts of climate change. It is necessary to make a adaptation plan for climate change impact assessment and vulnerability analysis. This study will be used to make Siheung Climate Change Master Plan and to determine the priority of the policy as guideline. It is expected that this study is helpful to pursue climate change vulnerability assessment of other local governments.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.141-166
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• 2023

This paper investigates synthetic data generation methods and their evaluation measures. There have been increasing demands for releasing various types of data to the public for different purposes. At the same time, there are also unavoidable concerns about leaking critical or sensitive information. Many synthetic data generation methods have been proposed over the years in order to address these concerns and implemented in some countries, including Korea. The current study aims to introduce and compare three representative synthetic data generation approaches: Sequential regression, nonparametric Bayesian multiple imputations, and deep generative models. Several evaluation metrics that measure the utility and disclosure risk of synthetic data are also reviewed. We provide empirical comparisons of the three synthetic data generation approaches with respect to various evaluation measures. The findings of this work will help practitioners to have a better understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of those synthetic data methods.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.793-802
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of extreme heat on muscle function and muscle injury marker in elderly women. The subjects of this study were eight post-menopausal elderly women without any metabolic disease. All eight subjects were asked to perform the knee joint isokinetic exercise using isokinetic equipment (cybex) in the laboratory and experimental temperature within laboratory was adjusted to two conditions: extreme heat temperature(33±0.5℃) and normal temperature(20±0.5℃) maintained in 50±3% humidity conditions. Each experimental exercise was monitored and analyzed the change of HSP70, LDH and CK. Muscular functions (peak torque, total work, percentage of peak torque body weight, fatigue index, average power and total work) were significant differences at exercise between temperatural conditions (p<.05). In extreme heat temperature, muscular injury markers (HSP70, LDH and CK) were increased, threfore resulted in significantly higher than normal temperature(p<.05). These results show that extreme heat temperature can decrease muscle function in elderly women.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.108-113
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• 2013

Objectives: Although several cases of lung diseases caused by indium have been reported in Japan, the United States and China, South Korea, which is estimated to have been the world's largest consumer of indium, has not yet established a criteria for the diagnosis of lung diseases caused by indium exposure. In this study, we tried to determine the applicability of the Krebs von den lungen-6, which has been widely recognized for its use with interstitial lung disease in Japan, as a biological exposure index for indium. Methods: Methods: The analysis of indium in serum was conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the analysis of KL-6 in serum was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The indium levels in serum were distributed from below the detection limit to a peak of $125.78{\mu}g/L$, and the values of the KL-6 were distributed from 104.5 U/mL to 2162.2 U/mL. The serum indium and KL-6 showed good correlation ($R^2$=0.389,pfortrend=0.000) and smoking did not affect the KL-6. Conclusions: The usefulness of KL-6 as a specific biomarker for interstitial lung disease has been recognized. In addition, it is expected that effective prevention of health problems can be achieved by determining the lung-damage progress at an early stage according to individual susceptibility.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.299-311
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• 2022

Rocks exposed to the surface are subject to long-term weathering, and such effects weaken their engineering stability. Especially as weathering progresses, the surface of rocks will be changed by weathering, and such surface changes will affect the engineering safety of the rock mass. In addition, the chemical species produced in the weathered rock have a direct effect on the surrounding environment or on the structure. In areas where rocks are exposed, such as mining areas, chemical species produced by weathering can have a serious impact on the surrounding natural environment. In this study, accelerated weathering experiments using freeze/thaw system were conducted on rocks that had already been weathered and fresh rocks, and surface changes of each rock were observed with confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and chemical species were analyzed using IC/ICP-MS. As the weathering progressed, the surface roughness decreased, and the amount of chemical species produced increased. The results of this study can be used as basic data for evaluating engineering/environmental safety in areas where rocks are exposed.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.414-431
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• 2016

There are numerous closed and abandoned mines in Korea, from which diverse heavy metals (e.g., As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) are released into the surrounding soil, groundwater, surface water, and crops, potentially resulting in detrimental effects on the health of nearby residents. Therefore, we performed human risk assessments of two abandoned metal mines, Yanggok (YG) and Samsanjeil (SJ). The exposure parameters used in this assessment were specific to residents near mines and the included exposure pathways were relevant to areas around metal mines. The computed total excess carcinogenic risks for both areas exceeded the acceptable carcinogenic risk ($1{\times}10^{-6}$), indicating that these areas are likely unsafe due to a carcinogenic hazard. In contrast, the non-carcinogenic risks of the two areas differed among the studied receptors. The hazard indices were higher than the unit risk (=1.0) for male and female adults in YG and male adults in SJ, suggesting that there are non-carcinogenic risks for these groups in the study areas. However, the hazard indices for children in YG and female adults and children in SJ were lower than the unit risk. Consumption of groundwater and crops grown in the area were identified as major exposure pathways for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards in both areas. Finally, the dominant metals contributing to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were As and As, Cu, and Pb, respectively. In addition, the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of YG were evaluated to be 10 and 4 times higher than those of SJ, respectively, resulted from the relatively higher exposure concentration of As in groundwater within SJ area. Because of lacking of several exposure parameters, some of average daily dose (ADD) could not be computed in this study. Furthermore, it is likely that the ADDs of crop-intake pathway included some errors because they were calculated using soil exposure concentrations and bioconcentration factor (BCF) rather than using crop exposure concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.751-763
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• 2015

Both the selection of indicators and weights for them are critical issues in the vulnerability assessment. This study is to assess the air pollution vulnerability focused on ozone for 249 local jurisdictions using weights calculated by the entropy methodology and then examine the applicability of the methodology. We selected indicators for air pollution vulnerability assessment and standardized them. Subsequently, we calculated weights of each indicator using the entropy method and then integrated them into the vulnerability index. The exposure indicators consider meteorological and air pollution factors and the sensitivity of the local jurisdiction include variables on vulnerable areas and environments. The adaptive capacity contains socio-economic characteristics, health care capacities and air pollution managemental factors. The results show that Hwaseong-si, Gwangjin-gu, Gimpo-si, Gwangju-si, Gunpo-si are among the highest vulnerabilities based on the simple aggregation of indicators. And vulnerability-resilience (VRI) aggregation results indicates the similar spatial pattern with the simple aggregation outcomes. This article extends current climate change vulnerability assessment studies by adopting the entropy method to evaluate relative usefulness of data. In addition, the results can be used for developing customized adaptation policies for each jurisdiction reflecting vulnerable aspects.