• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to review literature about private health insurance (PHI) schemes for Korean older adults published in Korea and abroad from 2015 to 2019, and to present the implications of the study and provide an overview of PHI utilization by Korean older adults. Nineteen quantitative academic research papers were selected and analyzed with respect to presentation time, research purpose, data source, and study design. Old age, low income, low education, and chronic disease were found to hinder enrollment in PHI schemes. Although the relationship between PHI and medical usage was not consistent, it was positively related to health outcomes such as subjective health status and health-related quality of life. Therefore, for PHI to fulfill the role of providing supplementary medical care for older adults with high medical demands, a national improvement policy should be developed to address the barriers that prevent older adults adopting PHI schemes, and empirical studies related to medical usages by and the health outcomes of older adults should be conducted in order to generate a basis for the use of PHI.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.351-364
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to learn about the decision factors affecting utilization of elderly welfare center of the elderly living in Gimpo city. The reason of the study is that the elderly welfare center as a provider of general welfare services could not only thinking about the state policy but also need to consider about the inherent role and function of the elderly. Especially for these elders living in rural areas, although the number of elderly welfare centers of the whole country has greatly increased in last 10 years, the effect and function of the facility are almost the same and they are still lack of leisure activities. This issue become a serious problem nowadays. For the above reasons, this article conducts a social survey of 360 elderly people over the age of 65 who lives in the Gimpo city which is a rural-urban type city. The research method is to examine the relationship between the predisposing factors, enabling factors and need factors of Andersen's behavior model with binary logistic regression analysis and the decision tree analysis. The result of binary logistic regression shows the most of factors of Andersen's model is significant. The factors of age, gender, education level in predisposing factors; monthly income in enabling factors and the reserve for old life, the preparation of economic activity for old life in need factors are significant. Then the result of decision tree analysis shows the interaction between factors; when the education level in predisposing factors is higher, the possibility of using of elderly welfare center becomes bigger. Also as the level of healthy promoting preparation in the need factors gets lower, the possibility of using of elderly welfare center still becomes bigger. Although differences were found in the interpretation of the results of regression analysis and decision tree analysis, the results of this study can still provide support for the necessity of elderly welfare centers providing integrated welfare services.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to identify types of leisure time spending of the Korean elderly according to the data of Hours of Living 2014 from National Statistical Office, and compare and analyze features of leisure time spending based on general characteristics of the elderly. Method : This study has only adopted the data of 9228 elder people whose ages were above 65, and their general characteristics and time spending features form the data of Hours of Living 2014. The final comparison and analysis has been made through behavior classification (1 major classification, 7 medium classification, 39 minor classification), which reflects how the elderly spend their leisure time according to their household and personal characteristics. Result : Firstly, the Korean elderly were found to spend most of their leisure time with media. Secondly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on household characteristics of the elderly, their gender and household income showed significant differences in all types of leisure time activities except for cultural and sightseeing activity. And their marital status showed significant differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding leisure time activity with media and cultural and sightseeing activity. Thirdly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on personal characteristics of the elderly, their education level has made significant differences in all types of leisure time activities. As for their economic activity status and average monthly income, they showed meaningful differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding cultural and sightseeing activity and ritual activity. Conclusion : We should help to find meaningful occupation within personal contexts and arrange it properly with balanced leisure time spending. Moreover, it is highly important to have appropriate occupational approach to prevent social isolation of the Korean elderly, and ensure their fruitful and successful later life.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.55-62
• /
• 2021

This study regards the need for jobs to overcome the poverty of the elderly in an aged society, and as well as researches ways to participate in active economic activities in old age. The results of the study are as follows. First, the legal system needs to be improved. In addition to institutional support for the expansion of jobs for the elderly, improvement of awareness of the elderly and reinforcement of infrastructure such as a delivery system are required, and a legal basis for this is needed. To this end, occupations targeting the elderly must be selected first, and legal procedures must be prepared by the government. Second, there must be social consideration and support for the elderly. Extension of the retirement age plays an important role in enhancing employment for the elderly. Along with the improvement of the legal system, social consideration is required. Therefore, since the elderly policy without social consensus is bound to fail, various support methods that can lead to social support must be devised. Third, the elderly must have a sense of poverty and willingness to rehabilitate themselves. Elderly people should not only ask for their children and social support. The elderly must be able to find a way to become the economic agent themselves. To do this, a basic awareness of the elderly poverty consciousness is needed, and a change of awareness to escape the poverty of the elderly is necessary. Therefore, the elderly need to be self-reliant, and they must choose jobs according to their own abilities. In conclusion, the elderly job program is a part of income increase that solves the poverty of the elderly in the aged society, and the elderly are required to actively participate in economic activities.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.163-178
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze leisure factors affect happiness of the elderly by sex in Korea and then to discuss implications for the findings. Data of National Leisure Activity Survey conducted by Korea Culture & Tourism Institute in 2016 were used for this study. From this dataset, 891 male elderly and 970 female elderly aged above 65 were selected for this study. Ordered logistic regression model was used by considering the nature of the dependent variable. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, choice proportions of leisure activities classified by four type are different by sex of the elderly. Second, among control variables, household income, residential area, joining a club have different significant effect on happiness of the elderly by sex but volunteering have same significant effect on happiness of the elderly by sex. Third, any type of leisure activity have no significant effect on happiness of both the male elderly and the female elderly. Fourth, cost of leisure has significant positive effect on happiness of both the male elderly and the female elderly but has different significance by sex. Fifth, focus on leisure rather than work has very significant positive effect on happiness of both the male elderly and the female elderly. Sixth, leisure life satisfaction has very significant positive effect on happiness of both the male elderly and the female elderly.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.999-1014
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of long-term care insurance(macro-system) on family relationship(micro-system)s' change based on ecosystems theory. Data come from the second(2007) and the fourth(2009) Korean Welfare Panel Study(KWPS). Experimental group is the beneficiary using long-term care insurance and the member of household in their households, and control group is the non-beneficiary not using long-term care insurance and the member of household in their households. The main findings of difference-in-difference model analysis are as follows. First, the ecosystems theory is a theory examining the correlation between long-term care insurance and family relationship. Second, the effects of long-term care insurance is not income effect but independent effect. This result shows that the meaning of family has faded away and family relationship has been weaken and that long-term care insurance has not complete characteristics as a social insurance. Thus, system reforms of long-term care insurance is highly needed for system comprehensiveness, coverage, adequacy, and service accessibility and is changed into family-friendly social policy.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.149-182
• /
• 2001

Due to the sustained increase in lifts expectancy, the number and proportion of the aged population has substantially increased, the proportion of the total population aged 65 and over was 7.1% in 2000 and 14.3% in 2022. But All public pension schemes in Korea, including the National Pension scheme, civil servants pension scheme, private school teachers pension scheme and the military pension scheme, are facing valving degree of financial problems at present because of their weak and unstable financial bases. with the result that some of them have recorded deficits for some time and the others are expected to run deficits in the near future. This crisis in financial sustainability in public pension schemes is attributable to the structural weakness of the schemes which can be characterized as high benefits, low contribution. Therefore, this article focuses on alternative of public pension schemes reform in Korea. The results is as follows. First, a basic pension is proposed to be newly established and the earnings related portion of National Pension Scheme will be as national pension. Secondly, the Basic Pension is a universal basic pension covering all nationals over 18 years and older, thereby achieving \"one pension for everybody\" Thirdly, National Pension will be operated as an earnings related pension covering only those participants with assessed income. Fourth1y, the current participants of public occupational pensions will also join the Basic Pension as well as the public occupational pensions whose scope of works will be reduced. And finally, The conversion of Retirement Allocation Scheme into a corporate pension should be left to the discretion of the company concerned.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.1049-1049
• /
• 2003

건강관련 요인에 따른 우리나라 성인 여성의 영양섭취 특성을 파악하기 위해 2001 국민건강ㆍ영양조사-영양조사부문의 결과를 심층 분석하였다. 2001 국민건강ㆍ영양조사는 2001년 11월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 전국 200개 지역에서 약 4,000가구, 14,000명을 대상으로 실시되었으며, 본 연구에서는 응답자 중 20세 이상 성인여성 3,780명의 데이터만을 활용하였다. 이들의 연령, 소득수준, 건강 인식도, 비만도 및 체중인식 등에 따른 영양소 섭취수준을 비교하였으며, 평균값의 차이에 대한 유의성 검증에는 1-way ANOVA와 Duncan's multiple range test를 적용하였다. 분석의 대상이 된 성인 여성 응답자의 구성은 20∼29세가 696명, 30∼49세가 1,765명, 50∼64세가 757명, 65세 이상이 562명이었다. 20세 이상 모든 성인 여성의 영양소별 영양권장량에 대한 평균 섭취수준을 보면 칼슘의 경우에 67%로 가장 낮았으며 다른 영양소의 경우에는 권장량에 근접하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 연령층별로 비교하면 철의 섭취수준은 20대 여성에서 가장 낮은 반면, 나머지 영양소의 섭취 수준은 65세 이상 연령층에서 가장 낮았다. 2001년 가구원 수 별 최저 생계비를 기준(100%)으로 하여 가구소득을 100% 미만, 100∼199%, 200∼299%, 300% 이상 4 구간으로 분류한 소득수준에 따른 영양소 섭취수준을 비교한 결과, 전체적으로는 소득수준이 높아질수록 평균 영양소 섭취수준이 높아지고, 가구 소득이 저생계비 미만인 그룹에서 거의 모든 영양소의 섭취수준이 가장 낮게 나타났으나, 55세 이상 연령층에서는 소득수준이 영양소 섭취 수준에 영향을 미치지 않았다. BMI를 기준으로 저체중군, 정상체중군, 과체중군으로 분류한 비만도 그룹별 영양소 섭취수준을 비교한 결과, 전체적인 영양소의 섭취수준이 정상체중군에서 높고 저체중군에서 가장 낮았으며, 특히 65세 이상 연령층의 저체중군의 섭취수준은 매우 낮아서 칼슘과 비타민 A의 경우 권장량의 40% 대에 불과했다. 자신의 체형에 대한 인식에 근거해 영양소 섭취수준을 비교해 보면, 20대에서는 자신이 말랐다고 인식하는 그룹에서 섭취수준이 다소 낮게 나타났으나 30∼49세에서는 말랐다고 인식하는 그룹의 영양소 섭취수준이 오히려 높은 것으로 나타나 연령에 따라 다른 경향을 보였다. 건강 인식도에 따른 분석 결과, 스스로가 건강하지 못하다고 생각하는 그룹에 비해 건강하다고 인식하는 그룹에서 철을 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취수준이 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상으로부터 우리나라 여성 중 65세 이상 노인과 최저생계비 미만의 저소득 가구 여성의 영양소 섭취 수준이 심각하게 낮으며, 소득 수준 차상위 계층(100∼199%) 여성의 섭취 상태도 관심을 기울여야 할 수준임을 알 수 있었다. 동시에 자신의 건강이나 체형에 대한 인식이 부정적일수록 섭취수준이 불량하여 한국 여성의 건강과 올바른 영양관리를 위해서는 여성 스스로의 긍정적인 사고 또한 중요한 영향 요인인 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Teachers' Pension
• /
• v.2
• /
• pp.47-102
• /
• 2017

오늘날 대다수의 선진 국가들은 고령화 사회에 대비하여 자국의 노후소득보장 제도를 대대적으로 개혁해 오고 있다. 우리나라의 경우에서도 지난 2015년 사학연금제도의 개혁이 이러한 취지에 해당될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회의 문제가 단순히 노인부양비용의 증가 그 자체가 아니라, 평균수명의 증가에도 불구하고 늘어나게 된 노후의 삶에 대한 시간적 배분이 근로와 여가에 걸쳐 균형적으로 이루어지지 않고, 사회적 부양을 필요로 하는 노후의 여가만 일방적으로 늘어나고 있다는 점을 문제점으로 지적하였다. 따라서 이러한 차원에서 볼 때 고령화 사회의 문제는 생애근로기간의 연장을 통해서만 효과적으로 극복할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다, 하지만 이와는 반대로 개인별로 건강상태나 가족상황 등의 이유로 생애근로주기의 연장이 불가능한 사람들을 위하여 별도의 제도적 장치가 추가적으로 마련되어야 할 것이다. 종합해 보면, 고령화 사회의 노동시장 문제는 개인별로 다양한 욕구나 능력을 반영하여 각자에게 다양한 선택권을 보장해 줄 수 있는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 고령화 사회에 대비하여 연금수급연령 상향조정의 필요성을 사학연금제도를 중심으로 살펴보고, 대신 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 소득공백문제와 연금가입경력 공백문제 등 제반의 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 제도적 장치로서 점진적 퇴직제도의 도입방안을 제안하였다. 개략적으로 사학연금제도에 있어서 점진적 퇴직모형은 법정연금수급연령의 인상 일정에 따라 다음과 같이 운영하는 방안을 제안하였다. 먼저 법정연금수급연령이 60세로 유지되는 2022년까지의 단기적 대책으로서 여기서 점진적 퇴직의 자격연령은 모든 가입자에게 60세로 적용하도록 한다. 이 경우 가입자들의 신분구분에 따라 각각 교수 5년, 교원 2년(문제해결에 대한 정책적 의지에 따라 이행구간을 확장할 수도 있음) 그리고 교직원 0년의 조기의 점진적 퇴직이 허용되므로, 현재 교원이나 교수의 임용대란문제에 효과적으로 대응을 할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 다음으로는 2023년 이후 2033년 사이 법정연금수급연령의 인상단계에 해당되는 기간 동안의 대책으로서 여기서는 교수, 교원, 교직원에게 적용되는 정년연령과 매년도 법정연금수급연령 사이의 기간을 조기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간으로 정하도록 한다. 그리고 이러한 이행구간에 상당하는 기간만큼 후기의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간을 별도로 설정하여 그에 적절한 혜택이 주어질 수 있도록 한다. 마지막으로 2033년 이후부터는 교수, 교사, 교직원의 신분구분 없이 모두에게 적용되는 사항으로서 65세를 기준으로 그 이전의 5년은 사학연금의 적용을 받는 조기의 점진적 퇴직 그리고 그 이후의 5년은 국민연금의 적용을 받는 후기의 점진적 퇴직이 이루어질 수 있도록 한다. 그리고 전체 10년의 점진적 퇴직 이행구간 동안 개인별로 퇴직시점이나 퇴직형태의 선택이 자유롭게 이루어질 수 있도록 하기 위하여 보험수리의 원칙에 입각한 감액률 또는 가산율의 엄격한 적용을 제안하였다. 그리고 고령계층이 자신의 근로시간을 단계적으로 단축할 수 있도록 하고, 그 과정에서 발생하게 되는 소득의 감소부분은 별도의 제도적 방법(가교연금, 시간가치적립계정 등)으로 충당하도록 하는 방안을 제안하였다. 나아가 점진적 퇴직제도의 운영방식은 근로시간의 단축뿐만 아니라 작업부담의 경감 등에 대해서도 인정을 해주도록 해줌으로써 임금피크제도의 기능과 연계가 가능할 수 있도록 할 것을 제안하였다.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to exploratively examine factors affecting walking at night anxiety among the elderly. Study sample for the analyses was 9,120 persons aged over 65. Factors affecting walking at night anxiety among the elderly were composed of sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and social perception factors. Sociodemographic factors include gender, age, region, education, having or not having a spouse, household income. Health-related factors include walking ability, vision, subjective health status, cognitive function. Social perception factors include perception about other's compliance with laws and perception about safety from crime. The main results of the analyses are as follows. Among sociodemographic factors, factors that had significant effects on walking at night anxiety among the elderly were gender, age, region, education. Among health-related factors, factors that had significant effects on walking at night anxiety among the elderly were walking ability, vision, subjective health status, cognitive function. Among social perception factors, factors that had significant effects on walking at night anxiety among the elderly were perception about other's compliance with laws and perception about safety from crime. Results of this study show that there is a need for multiple methods to make safe and comfort walking environment for the elderly.