• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.22-33
• /
• 2009

This study was undertaken to provide a basis for planning trail standards, providing rights of movement, improvement of health and the experience of nature for at-risk walkers for application to the Umyen Park site. This study researched related laws, manuals, scholastic writing and the established site, a raku-raku mountain trail in Osata, Japan. By referencing these results and similar standards, a conceptual trail plan for at-risk walkers was created. The plan suggests five points -- accessibility, convenience, social aspects, economic efficiency, and environmentally-friendliness -- and referenced an evaluation of outdoor living environments for the elderly. The planning standards are comprised of four steps that are ranked in order and are related to the selection of location, trail structure, route patterns, and equipment. Plans for trails catering to at-risk walkers in Umyen Park were then based on these standards. As a result, it was found that the mountain has both a high elevation and abundant natural resource, both of which must be taken into account during planning. This study is valuable because it is one of the first studies of trail plans for at-risk walkers made in mountainous urban parte. Subsequent research can use the standards of this study for further evaluation while future modifications must reflect changing needs and details.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.10
• /
• pp.4523-4530
• /
• 2011

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of stretching management on musculoskeletal joint pain in community indwelling elderly farmers. The study included 28 residents who lived in a rural community. All participants were assigned randomly to either the stretching group (n=13, $59.67{\pm}4.77$ year-old) or the control group (n=15, $61.44{\pm}10.41$ year-old). Respondents were interviewed by means of a structured questionnaire. Pain severity of 6 body areas caused by symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and pain severity on day time variations were measured by the visual analogue scale on a self-assessed questionnaire. The stretching group was administered stretching therapy (45 min, 2 sets, warming up and cool down, main exercise; total 19 stretching kinds of subset 5 fields) for 12 times for 4 weeks. There were no significant difference between the two groups in general social and pain characteristics. After 4 weeks of stretching, the stretching group showed significant improvements at almost all joint pain scores except arm/elbow, and day time variation scores of pain compared to both baseline scores, and with control group scores. These results showed that stretching therapy is one of the most useful modalities to manage musculoskeletal pain in community-based elderly farmers.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.37-55
• /
• 1997

최근 선진국가들에서는 전자파 장애 증후군에 관심이 집중되고 있는데, 전자파에 장기 노출 되는 인구에서 뇌암이나 유방암, 백혈병 등의 발생률이 높다는 보고(Kolmodin-Hedman 등, 1988 ; Demers등, 1991)가 있어서 전자제품의 생산업체는 물론이고 사용자에 대해서도 불안한 관심사가 되 어 있다. 전자파가 생체에 미치는 영향은 열적 효과와 비열적 효과에 의한 것으로 구분된다. Microwave는 약 300MHz에서 300GHz 사이(파장 1m에서 1mm사이)의 주파수를 가지는 전자파로서 이온의 운동이나 쌍극자분자(dipole molecule)들을 진동시키므로서 조직에 열이 발생한다. 열이 과도하게 발생하면 세포 단백질이 응고하게 되는 등 일반적으로 생각할 수 있는 고열로 인한 여러 가지 유해환경이 조직 에 조성될 수 있다. 실제로 고전압의 전자파에 노출된 안구의 수정체에 백내장 등의 병변이 발생한 것 으로 보고된 바 있다(Adey,1981). 일반적으로 전자파의 생체에 대한 작용으로는 이렇듯 조직에 흡수 되는 전자파의 에너지에 의한 열작용이 지배적인 것으로 생각되어 왔다. 그러나 초저주파역대(Extre- mely low frequency, EMF)의 변조 및 펄스파 등의 영향에 관해서도 조직의 온도상승으로는 설명할 수 없는 현상이 보고된 바 있다. 이러한 비열적 효과가 신경계에 끼치는 영향에 대해서는 혈액뇌관문 의 투과성 변화(Oscar와 Hawkins, 1977), 뇌종양 발생, 칼슘대사 이상 및 신경전달물질에 대한 영향 등이 주장(Anderson, 1993)되고 있으나 아직 그 분명한 기전이 밝혀져 있지 않은 상태이다. 또한 그 영향의 평가에 서도 일정한 기준이나 지표가 정해지지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 신경계에 대한 대체적인 소개와 더불어 전자기파의 영향에 대한 이제까지의 보고를 종합 하고 향후 연구의 방향을 소개하고자 한다.> 이온이 공동 첨가제로 더 적합하다.u(30 .angs. )/CoFe(35 .angs. )/NiO(800 .angs. ) 구조를 갖는 spin-valve 박막은 극대 MR비 6.3%, 유효자기장감응도 약 0.5(%/Oe)를 보여 spin-valve head 재료로 적합함을 알 수 있었다.다.다.다.는 각각 148 meV .angs. $^{2}$, 103.8 meV .angs. $^{2}$와 1.77 * $10^{-6}$ erg/cm, 0.67 * $10^{-6}$ erg/cm 였다.다.자 노인들을 영주권자와 귀화 시민권자의 구분없이 하나의 집단으로 간주하고 분석해 왔던 것을 볼 때, 앞으로의 연구는 이론적으로나 방법론적으로 시민권의 유무가 주거형태에 끼치는 영향도 함께 고려해야 할 것이다.에 나타난 인도의 영향은 여성복식과 남성복식에 있어서 서로 유사점과 차이점이 보이는데, 인도의 영향이 여성복식에 있어서 그 빈도가 더 높고, 종류가 더 다양함을 볼 수 있다. 여성복식에 있어서는 12가지의 다양한 인도복식스타일이 나타났으며, 그중 가장 많이 보이는 스타일은 Indian Shirt/Blouse/Smock/ Dress이며, 그 뒤를 이어 Madras, Indian lowery등을 볼 수 있다. 남성복식애 나타난 7가지의 스타일 중에는 Madras가 가장 빈도가 높으며 그외의 스타일들은 그 빈도가 매우 낮음을 볼 수 있다. 인도의 영향의 정도 (Attribution Categories) 있어서는 여성과 남성복식 모두에 있어서 인도에서 직접 수입된(originated) item이 각각 전체의 90%와 81%를 차지하여, 인도복식의 영향은 받았으나 미국내에서 제작된(attributed and connotated) item 보다 휠씬 더 많은 수를 보였다. 인도복식스타일이 가장

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.291-303
• /
• 2021

In the modern society, the number of people in disaster vulnerable groups is rapidly increasing such as the elderly, the disabled, foreigners, and children. The common characteristics of the groups vulnerable to disasters are that they live in residence types that are exposed to disasters because they are impoverished and if they are exposed to disasters, recovery is a slow process. The purpose of this study is to identify the new risk issues by performing risk issue analysis on the targets of disaster vulnerable group and provide base data for the development of the policies. For the research method, this study centered on the cases of children and pregnant women out of the disaster vulnerable groups and focused on the issue data of social media throughout the past 10 years ('10~'19) and performed social network analysis. As a result, first, the development of the issue showed relevance in the occurrence of specific cases. Second, the awareness about the types, targets, and management method of crisis management was analyzed. Third, an analysis was performed on the sentiment words that considered the solution measures of risk issues or the characteristics of the targets and it was analyzed that there were word that triggered negative emotions. Therefore, it is anticipated for the base data to be used for the government and also for the local government to build an effective crisis management system of the rapidly changing disaster environment on the basis of the sentiment analysis performed on the people of the nation as well as public awareness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.20 no.7
• /
• pp.272-280
• /
• 2019

This descriptive research study investigated the relationships between different degrees of family support, ego-resilience and employment volition of patients suffering from alcohol use disorder, and we identified the factors that had an influence on employment volition. This study used the survey research technique and structured questionnaires. The data was collected from 128 males (aged 20 years or older) and who had been diagnosed with alcohol use disorder. They had also undergone either inpatient hospital care or outpatient treatment. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that family support had a value of 4.30, an ego resilience had a value of 2.37 and the employment volition had a value of 4.06. The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that there was statistically significant positive correlation between employment volition and ego resilience (${\beta}=-.314$, p<.01) and age (${\beta}=-.253$, p<.01), and the total explanatory power of these 2 factors was 16.3%. According to the results of this study, age-based approaches are needed to improve the employment volition of patients with alcohol use disorder. Additionally, the results of this study suggest that an ego resilience enhancement program be developed and implemented to help these patients.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.12
• /
• pp.65-76
• /
• 2018

Due to the rapid demographic and structural changes, Korea has faced a variety of social issues and quickly entered the aged society since the 2000s. In order deal with this reality, diverse types of welfare policies are emerging in the society as a whole. The government began to supply domestic public silver housing in 2016 to provide against the quickly growing aged society and now, the government is planning to supply approximately 50,000 housing by 2022 for quantitative growth of aged society, by selecting 1st and 2nd designated areas for the project additionally. This public retirement(silver) housing combines 'space' with 'service'. The lower floors are a public silver welfare Facilities and the upper floors are a housing spaces. This type of housing is to deal with requirements of rental housing residents by combining physical space with supporting service. Based on barrier-free design, the complex and unit house have safety handles and alarm bells in the bathroom, undulating washstands, bathroom sliding doors, corridor safety handles, and emergency safety exit lamps in each housing unit so the aged and the disabled can use easily and conveniently. Also, hand rails are installed and stepped pulleys are removed to promote convenience. Currently, the government is planning to increase the supply, focusing on low-income groups, such as beneficiaries of national basic livelihood and the working poor. Recognizing that the public retirement(silver) housing project is at its early stage, this study examined satisfaction, based on evaluations of real residents. This study aimed to obtain more empirical research data and apply them to public retirement(silver) house space analysis. For analysis, this study targeted Wirye public retirement(silver) housing and Magnolia public retirement(silver) housing that are in operation, and literature review, previous research review, and field survey were conducted to examine the present state. Using the questionnaires consisting of four large classification items; Block Layout, Housing Unit, Welfare Facilities, and Barrier-free Design, and sub-details, a survey was conducted to analyze residents' satisfaction. In conclusion, it is anticipated that this study would serve as basic research data about public retirement(silver) housing to increase continuously in future by analyzing public retirement(silver) housing spaces, on the basis of the analyzed data.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.3-23
• /
• 2020

This study aims to conceptualize the settlement inclusivity for overcoming social exclusion and the decline in quality of life of older people and to examine its effects on their mental health. The concept of the settlement inclusivity for older people focuses on the immediate environment around the place where they live. We proposed two domains for the conceptual framework; social domain that provides opportunities for community cohesion; spatial domain that provides security of residential area and access to basic services within walking distance. The social domain was represented by participation and interdependence, while the spatial domain by security and accessibility in the settlement inclusivity. Zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was constructed with 2017 National Survey of Older Koreans data to analyze the factors influencing depressive symptoms of older adults. The empirical results demonstrate that increased level of neighborhood network and social participation is associated with a decrease in the number of depressive symptoms. In addition, higher satisfaction in neighborhood environment and good accessibility to public transport/stores are associated with fewer depressive symptoms. Finally, housing condition and home ownership have a moderating effect on the relationship between social network/participation and depressive symptoms level, whereas they have no direct effects on depressive symptoms. This study demonstrates multi-dimensionally and mutually significant associations between settlement inclusivity and depressive symptoms for older people providing implications for urban planning and policies to improve mental well-being of older population.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.25-39
• /
• 1985

This study was conducted to assess the morbidity and medical facilities utilization patterns of the residents in urban low income area. Study population included 2,002 family members of 468 households in the low income area (LA) of Nam-san 4 Dong, Jung Gu of Taegu city and 1,709 family members of 374 households in surrounding neighbourhood control area (CA). Well trained nursing school students interviewed mainly with housewives according to the pretested questionaire between July 1 and July 30, 1984. Age-sex distribution of the study population in LA was similar to that in CA. The average monthly income of a household in LA was 236,000 won and 356,000 won in CA. Educational level of the residents in LA was lower than that in CA; average years of school education of the 20 years old or above in LA was 6.9 years compared with 8.5 years in CA. The average family members per room in LA was 2.6 and 2.2 in CA, and proportion of Medicaid program beneficiary was 29.4% in LA and 1.9% in CA. Prevalence rate of illness during 15-day period was 131 per 1,000 population in LA and 71 in CA(p<0.01) and that of the chronic illness for 1 year was 134 per 1,000 population in LA and 89 in CA(p<0.01). The most common illness experienced during 15 days was respiratory disease(24.0% in LA ana 29.8% in CA) and followed by gastro-intestinal disorders(21.0% in LA, 20.6% in CA). Injury or poisoning was 10.3% in LA and 3.3% in CA. Castro-intestinal disorder was the most common chronic illness in both LA (22.7%) and CA (21.7%), and followed by musculoskeletal disease in LA and neuralgia in CA. Mean activity restricted days among the persons with illness during 15-day period was 4.0 days in LA and 2.2 days in CA. Among persons with illness during 15 days, 17.9% in LA and 11.6% in CA did not seek any medical treatment and the most frequently utilized medical facility was pharmacy in LA (35.5%) and local clinic or hospital OPD in CA (42.1%). Among persons with chronic illness, 15.2% in LA and 9.2% in CA did not seek for medical treatment, and residents in LA as well as residents in CA utilized local clinic or hospital OPD more frequently than pharmacy or drugstores, especially those who have medical insurance. The most common reason for not treating illness experienced during 15-day period and chronic illness was economical constraint in both LA and CA. The higher prevalence rate of illness during 15-day period and chronic illness in LA than that in CA seems to be highly correlated with their lower economic status and educational level and crowded living condition. The utilization pattern of medical facilities was associated with the medical security status. A program to improve the economic status and living condition should be integrated with the health program to promote the health of the population in low income area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2014

Within the urban area, over the past decades unused land and public land such as streams and road sides have given urban residents a space for farming (urban farms). However, because this use is illegal, farming in unused and public lands could cause conflicts between urban farm users and land owners, degrade the quality of the urban landscape and contaminate the environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a way of legalizing these farming practices that have been cultivated in unused urban areas and public lands. This study analyzed the status of distribution and use of the urban farms that have been scattered around urban areas in many different forms. The survey was conducted through on-the-spot investigation and in-person interviews with farm users and those who were operating weekend farms in the Siji region of Daegu Metropolitan City. According to the results of this study, urban farms were mainly found in green areas that were easily accessible from residential districts and prohibited from development. It was also revealed that the nearer to the border of the residential districts the sites of urban farms were, the larger the number of urban farms was. When it comes to the type of land use, although the proportion of urban farms located in farmlands was very high, the proportion of those located on state-owned lands such as roads, railroads and streams was also high, over 1/3 of that of the former sites. Among the users of urban farms, the percentage of users who were farming private-owned land for free was highest and that of state-owned land without permission ranked second. Most people who were farming unused lands or state-owned lands without permission, such as streams, roads, railroads, were the elderly. This shows the potential of farms in urban area as leisure activities spaces for the elderly. Even though this study has limitations in that the survey target area was selected in a certain area and the sizes of all urban farms were not measured by surveying apparatus and instruments, it helps to determine the characteristics of use and distribution associated with the spaces of urban farming, and to raise the importance and necessity of legalizing urban farms cultivated illegally in public land.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.905-926
• /
• 2016

Although the concept of the elderly varies depending on scholars and laws, as consumption expenditure is deeply associated with income due to the nature of this study, 55 years old was set as the low limit standard for the elderly according to Prohibition of Discrimination on Age in Employment and Employment Promotion for the Aged Act and the elderly households were limited to single-elderly person household and an elderly couple family household for this study. It is considered consumption characteristics as a significant analysis subject in terms of social welfare because it could be understood as an expressed need which was a reflection of desire. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the consumption characteristics of the elderly households by stereotyping the consumption pattern of the elderly households, and find the determining factors for consumption patterns and thus contribute to the establishment of related policies through the expressed needs of the elderly households. K-means of cluster analysis was performed by putting the consumption expenditure of the elderly households to investigate inherent structural type of consumption pattern of the elderly households, which were the investigation subjects. As a result, four groups were stereotyped and named as below: 'health care-centered type', 'saving-centered type', 'livelihood-centered type', and 'food expenses-centered type' Binary Logistic Regression analysis was used to identify the factors that influence the decision of consumption pattern of the elderly households. The result of study showed that the elderly households faced all different needs and problems and thus there is a need for various approach plans to solve this situation. In particular, although the elderly have been viewed as economically poor people so far, the study showed that there were also kind of prepared households through saving. Overall, livelihoodcentered type accounted for the highest portion and, as a factor that influenced this, marital state and household income played an important role. Therefore, it is considered that more active efforts to increase the income of the elderly households are needed. In addition, age, owning of house and subjective health state were found to also have significant influence. Through these results of the study, the elderly's own improvement of awareness on health, presentation of overall standard for health state of the elderly, securement of the elderly's access to cultural life, and financial management coordination for improvement of quality of life, development and dissemination of jobs suitable for the elderly, and dissemination of communal life household, which is a cooperation residential type, were presented as institutional task in the conclusion.