• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 1997.03a
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• pp.94-97
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• 1997

금속을 반고상 상태에서 성형하기 위하여 미세조직학적 거동을 밝히기 위해, 본 연 구에서는 높은 비강도, 내마모성을 가진 과공정 Al-Si 합금을 반응고 가공하였을 때의 미세 조직과 상온 가공 후 반고상 온도로 일정시간 유지하였을 때의 미세조직을 관찰하였다. 일 반주조시의 개량 원소 P과 Sr을 첨가하였으며 쐐기형 주조재, 압연재, Si 입자강화 Alrl 복 합재료를 반고상 상태로 가열한 미세조직을 관찰하여 초정 Si입자의 형상 변화를 관찰하였 다. 반응고 교반시 초기에는 P과 Sr의 첨가에 의해 초정 Si입자가 미세화 되었으나 교반이 지속되어 가면서 이러한 경향은 감소하였으며 구상에 가까운 형태로 변화 하였는데, 이는 교반이 지속되면서 첨가 원소의 효과보다 교반 자체의 미세조직 변화 기구에의 의존도가 높 아지기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 냉각속도를 달리한 쐐기 형상에서의 금형에서 주조된 미세 조직을 관찰한 결과 냉각속도가 느릴 때에만 첨가원소의 영향이 나타났으며, 반고상 온도 유지 후 초정 크기에는 큰 변화가 없었으나 $\alpha$-halo가 형성되고 미세한 Si입자가 생성되었 다. 이는 입자 크기의 성장에 따른 주위의 농도구배로 인해 생성된 것으로 사료된다. 압연시 첨가원소는 핵생성과 재결정을 촉진시켜 초정 Si의 크기를 크게 감소시켰다. 반용융 처리시 초정 Si입자는 약간 성장하였으며, $\alpha$-halo도 생성되었다. 압출한 시료를 반용융 처리한 경 우 Si입자의 형상 변화는 거의 없었으며, Si입자에 형성되어 있던 산화막이 기지와 초정 Si 압자간의 확산장벽으로 작용하여 $\alpha$-halo가 거의 생성되지 않았다. 반응고 교반시 미세조직 변화 기구로는 취성파괴, 합체, 마모를 제안하였으며, 각 공정에서의 초정 Si결정의 크기를 비교하였을 때 45$\mu\textrm{m}$ 이하의 분말을 섞어 압출하였을 때 가장 작은 초정 Si입자 크기를 얻음 을 볼 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2011

Magnetic properties at low-temperatures can diagnose the presence of certain magnetic minerals in rocks. At the Verwey transition temperature ($T_v$, ~105~120 K), magnetite transforms from monoclinic to cubic structure as the temperature increases. At the isotropic point ($T_i$, ~135 K), magnetocrystalline anisotropic constant of magnetite passes through zero (from negative to positive) as the temperature decreases so that its optimal remanence acquisition axis changes from [111] to [001]. A sharp remanence drop was observed at $T_v$ during warming of LTSIRM (low-temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization). For cooling of RTSIRM (room-temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization), the remanence decreased on passing $T_i$ and $T_v$. On warming of RTSIRM, remanence recovery becomes more prominent as the average grain size of magnetite increases. In summary, the SIRM memory decreases with increasing grain size of magnetite. A similar, but rather gradual, remanence transition occurs for natural samples due to contribution of cations other than Fe. As a non-destructive tool, low-temperature magnetic behavior is sensitive to unravel the magnetic remanence carriers in terrestrial rocks or meteorites.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1190-1198
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• 2011

Extraction methods of medicinal plants were evaluated for growth enhancing effects of human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Hot-water extraction (reflux for 5 hr), hot-water extraction post treatment (100$^{\circ}C$ or 120$^{\circ}C$, 90 min) and ethanol extraction (reflux for 5 hr) methods were applied to Angelica gigas, Rhemania glutinosa, Paeonia lactiflora and Cnidium officinale samples to extract their constituents. Cells were treated for 2 hr with various concentrations of extracts (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 ${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ media) prior to $H_2O_2$ (250 ${\mu}M$) treatment for 2 hr to provide oxidative stress. Cell viability, caspase-3 expression and apoptosis were measured for cells treated with sample extracts. Hot-water extract exhibited a stronger growth enhancing and apoptosis protecting ability than other extracts. These activities were shown at less than 1 ${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ concentration, and not greater than 2 ${\mu}g/{\mu}l}$ concentration. Hot-water extract contained more polyphenolic compounds than other extracts coming along with stronger antioxidant activity. The efficacy of antioxidant activity was stronger in the hot-water extract of Angelica gigas than other hot-water extracts of medicinal plants. These results suggest that hot-water extraction is an appropriate method to extract materials for growth enhancing and apoptosis protection of SK-N-SH cells, and hot-water extracts of Angelica gigas might be useful materials for protection from aging brain cells.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.319-330
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• 2015

This study attempted to review the chemical composition of 25 samples of Sangpyeongtongbo having different manufacturing place and period, and then to find the manufacturing method. As a result of chemical composition analysis of Sangpyeongtongbo, main components include Cu, Zn and Pb, and some samples contained Sn and Fe. But, the chemical composition of each Sangpyeongtongbo varied with big differences. When the main content change was examined, Cu and Sn became decreased at the later period, and Zn and Pb had higher contents. The difference in the ingredient content had close relation for the profit of Sangpyeongtongbo. When refined microstructure was observed, 25 kinds of Sangpyeongtongbo had developed different types of microstructure such as dendrite, large grain and grain refinement. But, 25 kinds of Sangpyeongtongbo had no heat treatment processing. And, the types of microstructure were difference, which seems because different microstructure was developed due to the difference of Sn and Fe and cooling speed in Sangpyeongtongbo.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.74.2-74.2
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• 2011

석탄가스화 기술은 고온, 고압 조건에서 석탄과 산소의 불완전연소 및 가스화 반응을 통해 일산화탄소(CO)와 수소($H_2$)가 주성분인 합성가스를 제조하여 이용하는 현실적인 에너지원의 확보를 위한 방법인 동시에 이산화탄소를 저감할 수 있는 기술이다. 석탄가스화기 공급되는 석탄은 산소와의 부분 산화, 수증기 및 $CO_2$와의 반응에 의하여 합성가스로 전환되는데, 일반적으로 슬래깅 방식 석탄가스화기의 정상운전 중에 가스화기 내부 온도는 $1,400{\sim}1,600^{\circ}C$ 정도의 고온이며, 운전압력은 20~60 기압으로 매우 고압 상태에서 운전이 이루어지는데, 공급되는 석탄 시료의 성분들 중 가연성 물질의 99% 이상이 합성가스로 전환되는 반면, 회분에 해당되는 무기물의 대부분은 용융 슬랙 형태로 가스화기의 벽을 타고 흘러내리다가 슬랙탭을 통해 하부의 냉각조로 떨어지면서 급냉이 이루어지게 된다. 그러므로, 석탄가스화기 정상운전중 슬랙탭 주변의 온도를 고온으로 유지함으로써 용융슬랙의 고형화를 방지하는 것은 석탄가스화기의 안정적인 연속운전을 위하여 중요한 기술 중의 하나라고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 저급탄 가스화를 위한 1 톤/일급 고온, 고압 습식 석탄가스화기의 정상운전중 슬랙탭 부근에서 용융슬랙의 고형화를 방지하기 위한 슬랙탭 버너시스템의 설계를 진행하였으며, 안정적인 운전조건 도출을 위하여 보조연료(CNG)와 산소의 공급비율에 따른 화염특성 시험을 진행하였다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.240-244
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• 1990

To solve two problems, temperature shock to the man and difficulty in exchanging the air in the glove box into N2 gas, during the subsampling of Suboxic and cold core sediments, a portable glove box with a refrigerating machine and a gas exchanging bag was constructed for subsampling of sediment cores on board. The refrigerator of the glove box can cool down 200 litter air at 30$^{\circ}C$ to 2$^{\circ}C$${\pm}$2$^{\circ}C$ within 5 minutes. The box was successfully operated during the second KORDI's deep sea research cruise of 1989 in the North equatorial Pacific. Pore water data obtained from the cruise show no evidence for artifacts caused by warming up or oxidation of sediments during subsampling.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.555-561
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• 1994

The program of performing a fast and automatic analysis of gamma ray spectra obtained by a Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) is developed for the surveillance of the nuclear fuel integrity. The integrity of the nuclear fuel is confirmed by the measurement of the radiation level of the reactor coolant through the real time monitoring and the periodic sampling analysis. In Yonggwang nuclear power plane 3 and 4, the Process Radiation Monitoring System (PRMS), which is a real time monitoring system, provides a measure of the fuel integrity. Currently, its spectrometer channel can identify only one radionuclide at a time since the signal processing unit of the spectrometer channel is a Single Channel Analyzer (SCA). To improve the PRMS, it is necessary to substitute the MCA for the SCA The program is operated in a real time mode and an on-demand mode, and automatically performed for all procedures. The test results by using the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) mixed standard source are in good agreement with those from Canberra System 100 which is a commercial MCA Consequently, the developed program seems to be employed for automatic monitoring of gamma rays in nuclear power plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.504-509
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• 2016

Defects in dissimilar metal welds are reported to be on the increase during the operating lifespan and aging of nuclear power plants. In Korea, reported cases of defects due to dissimilar metal welds include the drain nozzle of a steam generator and RCS hot tube sampling nozzles. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable automated nondestructive inspection technique and a system for the inspection of dissimilar metal welds of small diameter nozzles in a high radiation area of a nuclear power plant. In this study, to ensure effective defect inspection of small diameter nozzles (RCS high-temperature tube sampling nozzle) of a nuclear power plant, three different methods were developed. These include: (1) optimum inspection probe design by beam simulation, (2) multi-directions UT optimum inspection technique for the inspection of small diameters of different welded parts, and (3) remote control automatic inspection system. The developed technique and systems have been verified to be suitable for use in the inspection of defects in smaller diameter nozzles in nuclear power plants.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2000

In 1993, many bronze artifacts were excavated from the Sanoesa Temple(思惱寺), Chongju, Chungbuk. Twelve items were selected and chemically analyzed with AA Spectrometry and ICP-Atomic Emission Spectrometry. They were also observed under the optical microscopy and SEM. According to the results from chemical analysis, production method and use, these artifacts were classified into four groups: casting, wrought and welding products, and bells. Cast products, probably used for ritual, were alloy of 70% Cu, 10% Sn and 20% Pb. They showed ${\alpha}+{\beta}$ phase as a typical microstructure of casting. The ${\delta}$ phase was rarely observed due to the small amount of Sn. These artifacts included more lead than other alloys. They showed segregation like island-shape on the lead part. Wrought products used for daily too1s. were alloy of 80% Cu and 20% Sn. Since they were consist of ${\alpha}$ phase and martensite ${\beta}$ phase, it could be presumed that they were heat-treated. The production method could be identified from twinned grains in ${\alpha}$ phase. Lead was not included in because it had a bad effect to alloy. The bells were alloyed with 85% Cu, 10% Sn, 5% Pb or 90% Cu and 10% Sn. They show the dendrite structure because they were cast and alloyed with many tin. Weldinged were alloyed with 83% Cu, 12% Sn and 5% Pb. lt showed the fine dendrite structure because of fast cooling in air.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Recent progress in Martian exploration identified hematite as the major candidate for the strong magnetic anomalies observed in Martian lithosphere. In the present study, grain-size dependence of thermoremanent magnetization and low-temperature stability of room-temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (RTSIRM) were monitored using synthetic hematites. For hematite, the antiferromagnetic spin configuration is re-arranged from being perpendicular to the c-axis to be parallel to the c-axis below the Morin transition ($=T_M$). A large fraction of RTSIRM is demagnetized at $T_M$ (= 260 K) during zero-field cooling from 300 K to 10 K. About 37% of the initial RTSIRM is recovered on warming from 10 K to 300 K. Shallow Martian subsurface at 1~2 km depth would experience low-temperature cooling-warming of $T_M$ because average Martian surficial temperature is about 220 K. However in most Martian lithosphere whose temperatures are higher than 260 K, the very stable magnetic memory of hematite could be a contributor to Martian magnetic anomalies.