• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 여러 다른 냉각속도로 냉각되는 강의 조직과 경도를 예측하는 수치 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 프로그램은 확산과 비확산 변태에 대한 변태 이행 방정식과 유한차분법을 이용하여 제품에 대해서 온도분포 및 조직변태에 대한 예측을 수행하고 또한 경도를 예측하도록 하였다. 해석 결과와의 비교를 위해 여러 다른 냉각속도로 냉각되는 AISI 410시편들에 대한 일련의 시험을 행하여 각각의 조직과 경도를 구하였으며 특히 온도해석에 사용하는 열전달계수는 실험을 통하여 구한 값을 사용하였다. 실험에 의해 구해진 결과는 해석 프로그램을 이용한 값과 잘 일치 하였다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.820-826
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• 1988

The freezing point$(t_f)$, latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ and kinetic constant of fleering$(k_f)$ were determined from DSC thermogram at cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min{\sim}-10.0^{\circ}C/min$. The freezing point of various starches was decreased with an increase in cooling rate, and that of whole starches were lower than defatted starches. Changes of the latent heat of freezing was not observed at above cooling rate $-2.5^{\circ}C/min$. The latent heat of freezing$({\triangle}\;H_f)$ could be deduced as a function of water content(W) as follows: ${\triangle}\;H_f=0.700W-13.048$, (Kcal/kg) $(35%{\leqq}W{\leqq}70%)\;{\triangle}\;H_f=1.569W-73.861,\;(Kcal/kg)\;(W{\geqq}70%$) In the water content range $35{\sim}90$(wt %), the activation energy of various starches in freezing process was determined $126{\sim}270$ Kcal/mol.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.360-367
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• 1996

The OISF (Oxidation Induced Stacking Fault)is expected to affect the electrical properties in Si single crystals, and the nuclei of OISF are believed to be formed during the crystal growing process. Initial oxygen concentration, dopant type and its density, and cooling rate are regareded as major factors on OISF formation. In this study, the variations of OISF density under various cooling rate were investigated. Si single crystal was heated to $1400^{\circ}C$ in Ar ambient and cooled down to room temperature at different cooling rate, using horizontal tube furnace. After that, they were oxidized at $1150^{\circ}C$, and then, OISF was observed with optical microscope. The relation between oxide procipitates and OISF nucleation was investigated by FTIR analysis. As a result, it was found that there exists the intermediate cooling rate range in which OISF nucleation is highly enhanced. And also, it was found that OISF nucleation is closely related with silicon oxide procipitation in Si single crystals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1265-1271
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• 2014

The lamp cooling system of the exposure has effect on the exposure efficiency and device lifetime. In this paper, we performed the numerical analysis about the thermal flow in the lamp housing of the exposure apparatus for the cooling air inflow rate. We set up the velocity of cooling air of side and bottom as the independent variables because cooling performance of the lamp housing is affected by the velocity of the cooling air side and bottom. The cooling state of lamp housing depend on three dependent variables; the temperature at top mirror and exhaust gas, ellipsoidal mirror. Response surface methodology was used in order to establish the efficient cooling analysis plan. The regression equation predicting the variables temperature of lamp housing according to the cooling air velocity were drawn. The velocity of cooling air to reach the optimum temperature of the lamp housing were derived.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.155-158
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• 2003

The effects of Mn, V addition on the behavior of structure and the effects of cooling rate of S20C steel for use of Tn housing and valve for automotive parts have been investigated. Transformation start temperature measured from inflection point of cooling curves has been found out to decrease with increasing cooling rate and to be more sensitive to Mn contents when cooling rate is fast. It was therefore shown that the grain was refined. If there is a big compacting pressure, it is indicated that hardness becomes much greater at surface than inside.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.7-7
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• 1999

충돌/유출냉각은 연소실 벽면 등과 같이 열부하가 많이 걸리는 영역에서 고온의 연소가스로부터 표면을 보호하는 막냉각과 더불어 내부에 다공성 판을 설치하여 충돌제트에 의해 내부표면을 냉각시켜 가스터빈엔진의 고온요소의 냉각성능을 극대화시키는 방법 중의 하나이다. 이와 같은 냉각방법을 적용하면 벽면을 충돌제트에 의한 냉각과 함께 냉각유채를 막냉각에 활용함으로써 냉각효율을 극대화할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국소적인 값들을 획득하기 용이한 물질전달실험방법의 하나인 나프탈렌 승화법을 이용하여 수직으로 분사되는 충돌제트에 의한 유출판 내면에서의 열/물질전달특성을 분사판(injection plate)과 유출판(effusion plate) 사이의 높이, 분사제트의 속도, 분사홀간의 배열을 변화시켜가며 유출판만이 있는 경우와 비교, 분석하였다. 분사홀과 유출홀의 관 사이의 간격은 0.33d에서 10d까지 변화시켜가며 그 효과를 관찰하였으며, 홀배열 효과를 보기 위하여 2가지 홀배열(staggered array, shifted array)에 대하여 실험하였다. 또한 분사제트의 속도효과를 고찰하기 위하여 분사제트의 Rc$_{d}$=5,000-12,000까지 변화시켜가며 실험을 수행하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1992

$ LiNbO_3$ single crystals were grown using the Czochralski Method at various pulling speeds. Macroscopic defects such as cracks, bubbles and cellular structures were observed in some crystals. Cracks and bubbles observed in the crystals depended on the pulling speed and cooling rate. $ LiNbO_3$ crystals of about 15mm diameter could be grown properly at 6-7mm/h pulling speed and $ 20^{circ}C/h$ cooling rate. In order to investigate dielectric properties and optical properties for device application, these properties were measured for the sample cut along a axis and c axis at different temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.340-344
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• 1991

On heating and fleering food-stuffs, it is very important to obtain informations about thermophysical properties of fishes for designing of freezing and heating equipment and analyzing of physico-chemical reaction during storage. It is particularly necessary to measure denaturation enthalpy, temperature, latent heat of freezing, activation energy, enthalpy, entropy and free energy on freezing and heating rate. In this study, DSC was used to study effects of freezing and heating rate on thermophysical properties and denaturation temperature on scanning rate $2.5-10.0^{\circ}C/min$. On increasing scanning rate, denaturation temperature of protein and lipid incresed and freezing point, activation energy, enthalpy, entropy were decreased. In freezing process free energy of fishes were found to be $14.2-18.9 kcal/mol$.

• Composites Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2018

Thermoplastic composite has been limitedly used in high performance aerospace industry due to relatively low mechanical properties even though it has various advantages. But, thermoplastic aromatic polymer composite has recently been researched and utilized much. In this study, PEEK and PPS neat resin film as representative thermoplastic aromatic polymer were processed through continuous heating, cooling and reheating cycle. Property change such as glass transition temperature and melting temperature were identified and crystallinity variation by different cooling rate were evaluated. In the first (heating) run, polymer specimens were kept for 5 minutes at higher temperature than melting point to remove previous thermal history, and crystallization reaction was controlled by adjusting cooling rate to 2, 5, 10, 20 and $40^{\circ}C/minute$ in the second (cooling) run. In the third (heating) run, specimen crystallinity were verified by measuring the melting enthalpy. The initial specimens containing high portion of amorphous structure exhibited cold crystallization and clear glass transition in the first run whereas they did not show in the third run due to the increase of crystalline structure portion. As cooling rate decreases through the second cooling run, the crystallinity of the specimen increased. PEEK polymer had 21.9~39.3% crystallinity depending on cooling rate change whereas PPS polymer showed 29.1~31.2%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.08a
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• pp.246-246
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• 2011

졸-겔 스핀코팅(sol-gel spin-coating)법을 이용하여 실리콘 기판에 ZnO 박막을 증착하였다. 증착된 졸 용액을 전열처리(pre-heat treatment) 후, 다른 속도로 상온까지 냉각시켰다. ZnO 박막의 특성 분석을 위하여 atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, photoluminescence (PL)을 이용하였다. 전열처리 후 5$^{\circ}C$/min의 속도로 천천히 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막은 산맥구조(mountain chain structure)로 표면이 매우 거친 반면, 빠르게 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막은 매우 매끄러운 표면을 나타내었다. 빠르게 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막의 c-축 배향성(c-axis preferred orientation)이 느리게 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막의 배향성보다 더 우세하게 나타났고, 결정성도 우수하였다. 뿐만 아니라, 빠르게 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막의 광학적 특성이 느리게 냉각시킨 ZnO 박막의 특성보다 우수하게 나타났다. 후열처리(post-heat treatment)에 의해 ZnO 박막의 구조적 및 광학적 특성이 더욱 향상되었다.