• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 1982

This study was carried out to make hardboard fire retardants and to examine the properties of the hard-board treated with them. The fire retardant treatment was achieved by surface impregnation of water soluble retardant chemicals into the forming mat with 55 percent of moisture content. followed by the hot pressing process. Ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate, sodium borate, and boric acid were used as the fire retardants. Fire retardant test was carried out by using the differential thermal analysis thermogram. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Fire retardant-treated hardboard showed higher values of the specific gravity. water absoption, and flexural strength than those of untreated hardboard. Especially, the treatment of ammonium monophosphate gave the best results in the flexural strength, and a 10 gr/$ft^2$ loading of the fire retardant compound of ammonium monophoshate, ammonium diphosphate, and sodium borate drew the best flexural strength value among the three different experimental loadings of 10, 20 and 30 gr/$ft^2$. 2. There were no definite differences in moisture content between the fire retardant-treated hardboard and the untreated hardboard. 3. The fire retardant compound of ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate, and sodium borate resulted in the best fire retardancy, and its fire retardancy was increased in proportion to the increase of loading.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Recently, the high-compressive strength concrete where the use is extending was weak in fire because of spalling that was occurring with rise of internal vapor pressure by high temperature. For preventing spalling of high-strength concrete in fire, Organic fibers have been using in concrete generally. By melting of organic fibers in concrete in fire, the internal moistures of concrete moves quickly to the outside, and so, preventing of spalling of high-strength concrete. But this method will be able to prevent the spalling of high-strength concrete, but makes the decrease of the concrete strength after fire. This study make a comparison between properties of preventing of spalling and remaining compressive strength of concrete using intumescence Alkali-Silicates fire-resistant material and that of concrete with organic fibers. Using organic fibers for preventing of spalling of concrete are P.P and Nylon fibers, and anti-fire intumescence material for protection of concrete surface is alkali-silicate materials. Fire resistance test executed as long as 3 hr under the flame temperature $1,200^{\circ}C$ over. In the case of concrete with P.P fibers, don't occurred the spalling, but the remaining compressive strength will not be able to measure, the concrete using intumescence Alkali-Silicates system fire-resistant material is not only preventing of the spalling but also the remaining compressive strength maintained until the maximum 96%.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2014

High strength concrete has a structural advantage as well as superior usability and durability, so that its application in building is being steadily augmented. However, in the high temperature like in a fire, the high strength concrete has extreme danger named explosive spalling. It is known that the major cause of explosive spalling is water vapour pressure inside concrete. General solution for preventing concrete from spalling include applying fire protection coats to concrete in order to control the rising temperature of members in case of fire. The purpose of this study is to investigate the high temperature properties of fireproof mortar using organic fiber and various types of fine aggregate for fire protection covering material. The results showed that addition of perlite and polypropylene fiber to mortar modifies its pore structure and reduces its density. This causes the internal temperature to rise. As a results, it is found that a new fireproof mortar can be used in the fire protection covering material in high strength concrete.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

Recently the interest in disaster prevention on super tall buildings is increasing. Especially in fire, against increasing of evacuation time due to high-rise, It is being tried to minimize the fire spread in building. Fire compartments using the fire-resistant wall and door, typical method to control the fire spread in buildings, delay the fire spread to other compartments and consequently evacuation time increases. But the existing provisions adjure only 2-hour fire resistance with maximum limit regardless of the super tall buildings, so this is a obstacle for research and development of the fire resistance wall in super tall buildings. In this study, we reviewed the fire resistance ratings of the wall, and presented the development directions for the fire resistance wall in super tall buildings considering fire resistance, construction and application of the wall.

• Cement
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• s.64
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• pp.4-10
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• 1976

(1) 연와제조업자가 제시하는 화학적 물리학적 data는 축로 부분의 연와 무게 결정, 열전도 및 팽창 등의 조정에 관한 기본적인 data만 제시되어 있다. 그밖의 data로 내화도 및 냉간파괴강도 data를 표기한 것은 연와 수용가들에게는 실제 무의미한 data이다. Spalling 저항성은 실제 화학적인 영향에 의해서 유동적이기 때문에 동시험은 잘하지 않는다. (2) 물리화학적인 선택표준으로서 m.p diagram을 사용하는 것이 연와재질을 쉽게 평가할수 있는 방법이다. (3) Kiln과 비슷한 운전상태로 조그마한 모형 kiln을 이용하여 시험하면 상태는 잘 나타나지는 못하지만 좋은 자료를 얻을 수 있다. (4) 신품 마그네사이트 연와와 사용 마그네사이트 연와에 관한 열적-기계적, 열적-기계적-화학적인 복합 연구를 해보면 시멘트 키른 연와에 관한 좋은 자료를 얻을 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.69-72
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• 2008

This study is designed to understand changes in fire resistance performance of intumescent coating system through follow-up tests on temperature of unexposed surface for the domestic intumescent coating system by environmental testing procedure.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

Recently, structural materials have been developed to have high performance, and SM 520 has been developed and used for high-rise buildings. However, fires frequently occur in buildings, and the number of victims and amount of damage increase year by year. However, the evaluation of fire resistance performance for structural beams made of SM 520 is done with specimens made of ordinary structural steels with boundary conditions of a fixed beam, and the results are allowed for use in steel-framed buildings. This study analyzed the fire resistance performance of statistically indeterminate beams built with SM 520. The analysis used a fire engineering technique that includes mechanical and thermal data of SM 520 and heat transfer theory, and heat stress analysis was also conducted. The results from the analysis were compared with those from a statistically determinate beam made of ordinary structural steels.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.387-397
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• 2015

The domestic fire resistance performance test is conducted as a prescriptive design method such as quality test. In quality test there are 2 methods, unloaded fire resistance test and fire resistance test under load. In realistic, these tests, however, have problems with expense, time and diversity of structure. This study reviewed fire resistance performance of H-beam flexural member by thermal stress analysis using finite element ABAQUS program. This research is for the performance-based design reviewing applicability of domestic standard. As a result of this study, limit temperatures per each load ratio provied for proper performance of fire resistancy.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 2009

Recently, fire resistance in high-rise building is becoming major problem socially. So it is need of hour to study on fire resistance in buildings. This study estimates fire resistance performance to utilized CFT (Concrete filled steel tube, below CFT) column in the high structure. But it is difficult quantitative evaluation about fire resistant performance of CFT. Therefore, this study made CFT specimen that determine the factor which is strength of concrete and then CFT column was exposed to heating controlled as closely as possible the ISO-834 standard fire curve. Also, tried to analyze internal temperature through nonlinear transient heat flow analysis. And, presumed extant compressive strength on the basis of this.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.101.1-101.1
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• 2015

플라즈마에 의한 식각 공정중 챔버 내에서 발생한 오염입자가 기판위에 떨어져 제품의 불량을 일으키고 그에 따른 부품 교체비용이나 교체시 가동을 멈춰야하는 문제점들이 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 내플라즈마성이 우수하다고 알려진 아노다이징 피막을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 다양한 아노다이징 공법중 어떠한 요인이 내플라즈마 특성과 관계되는지에 대한 보고는 부족한 실정이다. 기존의 아노다이징 특성평가방법으로는 내화학 특성과 열안정성 평가, 구조적 특성을 확인하는 것이 주로 사용되어 왔다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기존 내화학 특성과 열안정성이 우수하다고 알려진 황산-주석산법을 이용한 피막의 특성을 평가하여 내화학특성, 열적 안정성, 구조적 특성이 내플라즈마 특성과 어떠한 관계가 있는지 확인했다.