• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.655-666
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• 2013

A number of highway projects are in progress in Korea to accommodate increasing transportation demands. As the highway route becomes more complex, some projects include tunneling through unconsolidated sedimentary rock. Since an unconsolidated sedimentary rock mainly consists of rock and ground mass, the behavior and characteristics in unconsolidated sedimentary rock tunnel are quite different from typical rock tunnel. However, construction case histories and rock classifications method on unconsolidated sedimentary rock tunnel had not been developed or studied domestically. Consequently the case studies and rock classification system for unconsolidated sedimentary rock are required to better understand its behavior for tunneling. In this study, rock mass classification method is proposed to identify unconsolidated sedimentary rock based on point load and slake durability tests. Based on this, the proposed method of unconsolidated sedimentary rock can be applied well through comparisons with the results of convergence measurement.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.04b
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• pp.118-120
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 직접 전력변환방식의 단상 sag/swell 보상기를 구현하였다. 제안된 보상기는 정현파 입력/ 출력 필터, 직렬연결 변압기와 dc 링크 커패시터부가 없는 단상 back-to-back PWM컨버터로 구성되어 있다. 이 보상기의 장점은 dc-link 진해 커패시터가 제거되어 전력회로부가 간단하게 구현되어 향상된 신뢰성 및 내구성을 확인 할 수 있으며 동시에 단상 전압 sag/swell을 보상하며 스위칭 손실을 줄이는 간단한 PWM 방법을 들 수 있다. 더구나, 제안된 방법은 일반적인 직접 전력변환방식에서 요구되어지는 복잡한 4-step 전류 방법이 필요 없는 간단한 전류제어방법을 채용할 수 있는 구조이며 제안된 보상기의 구조와 PWM 방법의 타당성을 프로토타입 하드웨어를 제작하여 실험결과로 보상기의 우수성을 확인하였다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.119-127
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• 2010

This paper provides a new approach for durability prediction of reinforced concrete structures exposed to carbonation. In this method, the prediction can be updated successively by a Bayes' theorem when additional data are available. The stochastic properties of model parameters are explicitly taken into account in the model. To simplify the procedure of the model, the probability of the durability limit is determined based on the samples obtained from the Latin Hypercube Sampling(LHS) technique. The new method may be very useful in design of important concrete structures and help to predict the remaining service life of existing concrete structures which have been monitored. For using the new method, in which the prior distribution is developed to represent the uncertainties of the carbonation velocity using data of concrete structures(3700 specimens) in Korea and the likelihood function is used to monitor in-situ data. The posterior distribution is obtained by combining a prior distribution and a likelihood function. Efficiency of the LHS technique for simulation was confirmed through a comparison between the LHS and the Monte Calro Simulation(MCS) technique.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.1 no.4 s.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2005

수소 여과용 치밀질 membrane의 제조는 기존의 SC($SrCeO_3$)보다 높은 여과특성을 가지는 BC($BaCeO_3$)구조의 재료를 이용하여 시편을 제조하였고, 시편의 물성은 기공율, 수분에 대한 내구성 그리고 여과 특성을 측정하였다. 우선 열적 안정성 및 수분에 대한 내구성 향상은 $Y_2O_3$를 0.1mol첨가 하였을 때 1% 이내의 기공율을 가지고 있었으며 수분에 대한 안정성을 위해 boiling test에서도 균열이 발생되지 않고 안정적인 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 여과 특성을 향상시키기 위해 Ce과 치환이 가능하고 전도성을 향상시킬 수 있는 $Ga_2O_3$, $La_2O_3$을 치환하여 물성을 측정한 결과 $Ga_2O_3$은 0.05, $La_2O_3$ 0.1mol%가 최적이었으며, 이들 중 $Ga_2O_3$가 0.05mol 첨가 되었을 때 가장 높은 이온 전도도 값을 얻었으며, $La_2O_3$이 첨가된 경우가 다음으로 높게 나타났다. 전자 전도성을 높이기 위하여 Pt를 sol로 만들어 나노 입자로 분산 시키는 방법으로 실험을 실시 $500^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서는 복합전도에 의해 전도도가 향상되어지는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 이들 시편의 여과 특성을 측정한 전도도 측정의 결과와 동일한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.589-592
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• 2008

This study was conducted to assess the durability of Chloride-inhibiting Low-Heat Cement while being subjected to freezing-thawing during winter seasons. Although durability varies slightly depending on the conditions of the jobsite, frost damage to concrete resulting from repeated freezing and thawing over the course of seasonal changes is the leading cause behind lowered concrete durability. in addition, concrete that has been subjected to freezing and thawing during the winter season develops a significant amount of expansive force at the core and begins to exhibit signs of damage, such as cracking, peeling, and detachment from the aggregate. Therefore, this study fabricated test specimens using a Chloride-inhibiting Low-Heat Cement(CLC) and the widely used blast furnace slag cement(BFS) and Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC) with water-to-cement ratios of 35%, 40% and 45%, respectively, to assess the durability index of the CLC as per resistance to freezing-thawing. The specimens were then tested using the KS F 2456 method (Testing method for resistance of concrete to rapid freezing and thawing) to measure the dynamic modulus of elasticity. The dynamic modulus of elasticity measurements were then used to derive the durability indices. By comparing the durability indices, it was confirmed that CLC, BFS, and OPC all had superior durability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.260-260
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• 2016

최근 고화질 및 대용량 영상의 등장으로 메모리 디바이스에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 메모리 디바이스의 oxide 층은 tunnel layer, trap layer와 blocking layer로 나누어지며, tunnel layer와 trap layer 사이 계면의 상태는 메모리 특성에 큰 영향을 준다. 한편, AlOx는 메모리 디바이스의 tunnel layer에 주로 적용되는 물질로서, AlOx를 형성하는 방법에는 진공공정을 이용하여 증착하는 방법과 알루미늄을 산화시켜 형성하는 방법이 있다. 그 중, 진공공정 방법인 RF 스퍼터를 이용하는 방법은 증착시 sputtering으로 인하여 표면에 손상을 주게 되어, 산화시켜 형성한 AlOx에 비해 막질이 좋지 않다는 단점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우수한 막질의 메모리 디바이스를 제작하기 위하여 산화시켜 형성한 AlOx를 tunnel layer로 적용시킨 MOSCAP을 제작하여 메모리 특성을 평가하였다. 제작된 소자는 n-Si (1-20 ohm-cm) 기판을 사용하였다. Tunnel layer는 e-beam evaporator를 이용하여 Al을 5 nm 두께로 증착하고 퍼니스를 이용하여 O2 분위기에서 $300^{\circ}C$의 온도로 1시간 동안 산화시켜 AlOx을 형성하였으며, 비교군으로 RF 스퍼터를 이용하여 AlOx를 10 nm 두께로 증착한 소자를 같이 제작하였다. 순차적으로, trap layer와 blocking layer는 RF 스퍼터를 이용하여 각각 HfOx 30 nm와 SiOx 30 nm를 증착하였다. 마지막으로 전극 물질로는 Al을 e-beam evaporator를 이용하여 150 nm 두께로 증착하였다. 제작된 소자에서 메모리 측정을 한 결과, 같은 크기의 윈도우를 비교하였을 때 산화시킨 AlOx를 tunnel layer로 적용한 MOSCAP에서 더 적은 전압으로도 program 동작이 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 내구성을 확인하기 위해 program/erase를 103회 반복하여 endurance를 측정한 결과, 스퍼터로 증착한 AlOx를 적용한 MOSCAP에서는 24 %의 메모리 윈도우 감소가 일어난 반면에, 산화시킨 AlOx를 적용한 MOSCAP에서는 메모리 윈도우 감소가 5 % 미만으로 일어났다. 결과적으로 산화시킨 AlOx를 메모리소자의 tunnel layer로 적용한 MOSCAP에서 더 뛰어난 내구성을 나타냈으며, 추후 최적의 oxide 두께와 열처리 조건을 통해 더 뛰어난 메모리 특성을 가지는 메모리 디바이스 제작이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.541-544
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• 2008

Recently, a variety of researches has been carried out to estimate the reliability-based analysis and design method of concrete structures and is attracted by probabilistic-based durability analysis/method of concrete structures subjected to chloride containing environment using MCS (Monte Carlo Simulation). Probabilistic-based durability analysis/method was proposed by lots of researches, but there is the lack of data for degradation factors for the calculation of probability distribution. The reliability based durability analysis method represents that the service life and reliability index varies with the probability distribution and coefficient of variation of each factor. Therefore, in this paper, the importance of experiment data for the degradation factors is confirmed and the study of reliability index in RC structures under chloride attack environments is performed considering the variation coefficient of degradation factors.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.315-324
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• 2016

Because of a fissility characteristics of shale in the Gyoungsang super-group, it breaks down to debris when daylighted by construction work and causes a slope unstability. To assess the durability property of shale, a series of slake durability tests was conducted by controlling test conditions such as shape of specimen, number of specimen, revolution speed, revolution number, drying temperature and pH of submerging liquid. For the specimen shape, cube one showed relatively lower durability index than cuboid and/or fan shape one. The test with the more number of specimens showed the less durability index because of a higher friction among specimens in the drum. The durability index is linearly decreased by increasing the total number of revolution, while the revolution velocity could not affect the index. And the durability index is also decreased by increasing the drying temperature of specimen and by decreasing the pH of submerging liquid. Because the durability index of shale is almost similar to that of crystalline rocks, the disintegration characteristics of shale could not be assessed by the slake durability test recommended by ISRM, and thus a new test method by changing the total revolution number may be required for the shale having fissility characteristics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.148-156
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• 2009

Background: As cardiovascular operations become more complex and sophisticated, there is an increasing need for various bioprostheses for use as components of blood vessels and heart valves. We developed a fatigue stimuli test instrument to objectively evaluate the mechanical durability of a bioprosthesis, and we tested several currently known processing methods for bovine pericardium and we then compared the results. Material and Method: Fresh bovine pericardium was collected at the butcher shop with using aseptic technique, and each piece of pericardium was fixated and/or decellularized by 16 representative methods. We measured the permeability and compliance of the processed bovine pericardium samples, and measured them again after exposure to the fatigue stimuli. All the pieces of pericardium underwent microscopic examinations before and after the fatigue stimuli. Result: A mixture of glutaraldehyde and solvent treatment showed better mechanical durability than did the single glutaraldehyde treatment. High concentration glutaraldehyde treatment showed equal or no worse results than did low concentration glutaraldehyde treatment. After SDS (sodium dodecylsulfate) decellularization, the mechanical property of the bioprosthesis became much worse ($20{\sim}190$ times) and the mechanical durability to the fatigue stimuli was also very poor. Conclusion: We obtained the basic durability data after various fixation methods with using a home-made fatigue test instrument.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1175-1186
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• 2020

In this study, the problem is analyzed, and methods of improvement are presented. For evaluating the performance of the proposed EGT sensor, a complex environment test equipment has been developed to test both high temperature and vibration conditions at the same time. This equipment evaluates the accuracy and response time of the EGT sensor. In the results of the comparison test of the complex environment test equipment of heat and vibration, the existing sensor showed a carbonization problem, and the proposed sensor showed no problem. Therefore, it is expected that the improved EGT sensor will be able to be applied to various industrial fields, including gas turbines for power generation.