• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese men's perception and satisfaction on Korean apparel products. The 1000 Questionnaires were distributed to Chinese men, and returned 863 questionnaires were analyzed by mean and percentage with SPSS 10.0. The results of this study were as follows: Chinese men had more perception on their own brand and Italy brand than UK, Korean, and Japan brand. Over age fifties of Chinese men preferred Korean brand to the other ages. Chinese men perceived positively Korean fashion products as more trendy, very creative, high-class, qualitative, expensive and creditable, otherwise, there were little famous brands among Koran apparel products. Chinese men satisfied on Korean apparel products positively, specially, age forties and fifties, resident from Harbin, income 2 and 3 level, and young casual mild group showed higher satisfaction on Korean apparel products than the others.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.923-931
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the type of masculinity on appearance-oriented and appearance management behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 201 males 20s to 50s living in Daegu. The SPSS 20.0 package was utilized for data analysis which included frequency analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, cluster analysis, regression analysis, t-test and logistic regression. First, factor analysis in a appearance management behavior and the type of masculinity, were cluster analysis in appearance-oriented. Were used to analyze the problem of the study by classified five factors and two groups. The results of this study were as follows: First, the masculinity of Retro sexual, Metro sexual, Techno sexual showed a negative influence on appearance-oriented. Second, the masculinity had a influence on appearance management behavior. M-ness showed a negative influence on skin care, Metro sexual showed a positive influence on skin care, hair/fashion, cosmetics, plastic surgery. And Retro sexual showed a influence on skin care, positive influence on hair/fashion, cosmetics. Techno sexual showed a positive influence on body management, skin care, hair/fashion. Uber sexual showed a positive influence on body management, cosmetics of appearance management. Third, the appearance-oriented had a differences on body management, hair/fashion, cosmetics, plastic surgery of appearance management behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.843-852
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to propose a computer-based grading method for men's formal wear according to the sizing systems based on the size and dimension whereby manufactured men's formal wear can be classified. The following procedures were as follows : 1) We surveyed the sizing systems and the computer-grading methods that have been used and presently practiced by the domestic garment industry of the ready-made men's wear. 2) Using the survey data of the domestic men's ready-made clothing industry and that of the National Anthropometric Survey of Korea in 1997, we proposed the new sizing and grading systems of men's formal wear within the framework of the Korean Garment Industry's directions and the data of the domestic men's ready-made clothing industry. 3) The suitability of the new grading systems to the domestic garment industry were put to a wearing teat. The findings were as follows : 1) Survey of the domestic ready-made garment industry showed that each company classified its own manufactured goods according to its own sizing and grading systems. 2) The superiority of the grading system was been demonstrated by a high approval rate of the subjects who participated in the testing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2000

The purpose of study examined the changes of the man's underclothes from the ancient ages to the early modern ages. The method of study researched literatures and possessions of the museum. In ancient ages, a suit of clothes had the functions of both underclothes and outer garments. In middle ages, underclothes were not exposed and the importance was not recognized while they were worn to show the sense of sin and humility or to punish criminals. In early modern ages, the importance of underclothes recognized as they were exposed. In Renaissance period, the fashion of the day influenced much on the underclothes. In Baroque ages, the functions of underclothes were different according to sexes and men wore underclothes to show their social status. As the outer garments were shortned, shirt wwere also conspicuously exposed. In Rococo ages, drawers were tightened due to the influence of outer garments, men exposed their shirts to show the social status and underclohtes were usually worn to express sexual attraction. Men's underclothes had the functions of class distinction from the ancient ages to the modern ages, except the middle ages and underclothes had the additional functions such as supporting body-shape and sex attraction. The fashion of the day influenced on the changes of the shapes of the shapes of men's underclothes and the changes of outer garments were reflected on underclothes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1618-1625
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were 1) to identify dimensions of fashion lifestyles of men of digital generation and online shopping mall service attributes, and 2) to find factors affecting general satisfaction and intention to purchase at online shopping malls. Data were obtained from 632 men aged between 15 and 39 who were using the internet. Fashion lifestyles produced five factors, fashion leadership, shopping enjoyment, brand pursuit, personality pursuit, and practicality pursuit. Internet service attributes included three factors, check-out service, after delivery service, and product presentation service. Significant determinants of general satisfaction were after delivery service, check-out service, product presentation service, and purchase experience in order. For intention to buy, after delivery service, check-out service, product presentation service, purchase experience, practicality, and household income level in order were significant. Finally, general satisfaction of purchase was a useful determinant of intention to buy. Implications were given for improving internet shopping mall services from the perspective of online fashion mall marketers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.11 s.158
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• pp.1550-1559
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to measure middle aged men's bodies around the ages of thirty-five through filly-five, whose age-group undergoes drastic changes on their body shapes. Further, body shapes are grouped based on the measurements, and pattern making methods are presented in order to effectively make up for the undesirable body features of middle-aged men. In order to develop patterns fit for middle aged men's body shapes, the regression which reflects physical characteristics was applied for the experimental shirts pattern, instead of comparative patterns which applies the same equation. For the two body types classified above(Bend-forward Type and Lean-back Type), correlation among the factors necessary for pattern design was considered and the regression was formularized accordingly. To validate the regression, the same amount of ease as in the comparative patterns was applied to the chest girth, and reasonable ease to the armhole depth and neck girth. In this way, experimental shirts patterns fit for the body types were developed. After the modification through the wearing test, the experimental shirts pattern was completed as herein.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.812-825
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• 2015

This study explored various issues related to the quality-of-life for obese Korean men. In-depth interviews were conducted with thirty men over BMI 25 whose age ranged from 20's to 50's. Projective techniques along with semi-structured interviews were used. The results of interviews were analyzed based on grounded theory. "Stress" was the main phenomenon resulting from the causal conditions of obesity and stigma. Stress consisted of social, psychological, physical and environmental factors. Contextual conditions mediating the relationship between causal conditions and main phenomenon were obesity level, pressure, and public appearance. Avoidance, change of personal traits, and insensitivity were the action/reactions to the main phenomenon. Various factors due to obesity disappeared and quality-of-life increased when they succeed in weight reduction; however, factors related to obesity and lowered condition of quality-of-life continued if they experienced a weight gain/loss yo-yo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

This study conducted in-depth interviews with twelve men in their twenties and employed the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) to identify the ideal self-image and fantasy of men wearing makeup. The results are as follows. First, the ideal self-images of men wearing makeup can be divided into 7 images (well-managed, dissimilar from real identity, masculine, neat, stylish, standing out, and formal). Men who wear makeup pursued an alternative decent image that is different from their reality. They want to be manly, attractive, decorous, and eye-catching through a better looking face. Second, men who wear makeup have insecurities about their looks and personalities that creates dissatisfaction with reality and a desire for a different idealistic self. Makeup was the tool to create the other entity. Makeup facilitated a fantasy of becoming another to gain increased confidence in social relationships. However, without makeup, they showed a lack of confidence and became intimidated that made them even further dependent on makeup. Third, the process helped participants complete a consensus map that represented the emotional and reasoning structures of men wearing makeup. This study showed 7 ideal self-images of men wearing makeup with a fantasy to create a desired ideal self by wearing makeup. The study can be applied to marketing strategy for men's cosmetics and plates' designs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.326-337
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• 2006

Self-immersed narcissism image that had been limited only a feminine image has being represented as a new masculinity image through various fashion magazine and TV advertisements. Besides, this makes a contribution of enlargement of concern about the beauty and fashion of the male. In the past, fashion has been created through the fetishism about the female body. But, new male image has been changed during only 30-40 years compared with the traditional various social, cultural, sexual body images had been changed for a long time. On the contrary, changed modem male image removes the interval of difference between the male and the female image. Now, representative techniques of the masculinity perform both accommodation and disobedience against social and cultural rules. Social body, which has been understood that appearance represents almost all things, makes the good use of the space of discipline and reformation. This paper is tended to grasp the characteristics of male body image expressed modem male fashion and TV advertisements based on the examination about the changed male body image.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.147-160
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• 2015

This study suggests a detailed apparel sizing system for brands that target elderly men between the ages of 60 to 79 by studying body type differences of the age group based on data from 'The $5^{th}$ Korean Anthropometric survey'. Compared to middle aged men, elderly men body measurements appear to be smaller except in the midriff area, such as the natural waist circumference, waist circumference (omphalion), waist depth and waist depth (omphalion). The size chart in the study was established according to the KS size chart system with a size jump of 5cm in height, 5cm and 3cm in chest circumference, 2cm in waist circumference (omphalion) and 2cm in hip circumference. A total of 8 sizes were established with heights between 160cm and 170cm and chest measurements between 85cm to 100cm for casual tops. For suit tops, a total of 11 sizes were established with heights between 160cm and 170cm and chest measurements between 88cm to 100cm. For bottoms, detailed sizes were suggested by dividing basic and reference areas with 13 sizes between 84cm to 94cm in the waist circumference (omphalion) and between 90cm to 98cm in the hip circumference.