• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.43-51
• /
• 2024

Objectives : This study aims to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms among elderly residents in the relatively stable rural areas of Jeju and to examine the relationships between levels of depression, sociodemographic factors, and health habits. Methods : The study site was within rural Jeju, where elderly individuals aged 65 and older were randomly selected from the 'Agricultural Cohort' registered at the Centers for Farmers' Safety and Health Center. Trained interviewers conducted surveys using the Short Form Geriatric Depression Scale (sGDS-K), defining those with scores of 6 or above as experiencing depressive symptoms for the analysis. Other variables such as sex, age, educational level, marital status, annual income, subjective health status, underlying disease, perceived stress levels, smoking, and drinking status were also recorded Results : Out of 533 subjects, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 35.3%, with 28.5% in male and 45.6% in female (p<0.001). Factors significantly associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms included marital status (p=0.014), educational level (p<0.001), annual income (p=0.034), subjective health status (p<0.001), perceived stress level (p<0.001), feeling of despair (p<0.001) and suicidal ideas (p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that subjective health status, perceived stress level, and feelings of despair were associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms. Conclusions : The high prevalence of depressive symptoms among the rural elderly in Jeju highlights the need for targeted mental health interventions. Addressing sociocultural factors and improving early detection and intervention strategies can help reduce the socioeconomic impact of depression in this population.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.9 no.12
• /
• pp.750-758
• /
• 2009

This study research the effect that the reality therapy program reduces the occupational stress in company employee. The subjects of this research were company employees aged 30 to 49 in the A area and they work more than 2 years in company. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group of 10 company employee, and a control groups of 10 company employee. and executed the program to the experiment group. A measurement tool was used a standard occupational stress scale for korean employee that developed by The Korean Society of Occupational Stress. For the purpose of the study, it was t-test to analyze collected data. The result of the study was that the occupational stress in an experiment group which take part in the reality therapy program was meaning statistically reduced than the control group by p<.001. In the subordinate measure of occupational stress, the occupational demand, organization system, requital inappropriateness score has a significant result by p<.01 and the occupational self-regulation, relation discord, and occupational insecurity score has a significant result by p<.05. In sum, the occupational stress score of treatment group which take part in the reality program reduce significantly than the scores of control group. Thus, the reality therapy program significantly effect to reduced the company employee's occupational stress.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.336-342
• /
• 2019

With the entry of an aging society, the average life span of accreditation has been extended. Therefore, interest in the appearance of men and women in modern society has increased. It is the wrinkles of the face that can judge the most outwardly. People tend to have various kinds of treatments to have a clean, wrinkle-free and resilient healthy skin regardless of sex. There is a lot of practice of lifting procedures in one of the procedures. A suture using a melting thread is a method of lifting by squeezing it into the skin as a non-incision type centering on a region where the thread can be fixed in the skin by injecting it into the subcutaneous fat layer. To evaluate the lifting efficacy of Cog - type suture for the improvement of skin wrinkles, preclinical experiments were conducted. We developed a wrinkle evaluation program using Labview. Data from preclinical experiments were used at 8 weeks after suturing. The average wrinkle depth was 415.6 mm in the control group. At 8 weeks, the depth of wrinkles was deepened to 888.3mm due to the aging process of the control group. On the other hand, the depth of the wrinkles before surgery was 640.3 mm in the suture group. It was confirmed that the depth of wrinkles decreased to 566.5mm at 8th week after the suture operation.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.35-82
• /
• 2014

It was main objectives to find the learners characteristics and educational effects of cyber agricultural technology courses in RDA. For the research, it was followed by literature reviews and internet based survey methods. In internet based survey, two staged stratified sampling method was adopted from cyber training members database in RDA along with some key word as open course or certificate course, and enrollment years. Instrument was composed through literature reviews about cyber education effects and educational effect factors. And learner characteristics items were added in survey documents. It was sent to sampled persons by e-mail and 316 data was returned via google survey systems. Through the data cleaning, 303 data were analysed by chi-square, t-test and F-test. It's significance level was .05. The results of the research were as followed; First, the respondent was composed of mainly man(77.9%), and monthly income group was mainly 2,000,000 or 3,000,000 won(24%), bachelor degree(48%), fifty or forty age group was shared to 75%, and their job was changed after learning(12.2%). So major respondents' job was not changed. Their major was not mainly agriculture. Learners' learning style were composed of two or more types as concrete-sequential, mixing, abstract-random, so e-learning course should be developed for the students' type. Second, it was attended at 3.2 days a week, 53.53 minutes a class, totally 172.63 minutes a week. They were very eager or generally eager to study, and attended two or more subjects. The cyber education motives was for farming knowledge, personal competency development, job performance enlarging. They selected subjects along with their interest. A subject person couldn't choose more subjects for little time, others, non interesting subject, but more subject persons were for job performance benefits and previous subjects effectiveness. Most learner was finished their subject, but a fourth was not finished for busy (26.7%). And their entrying behavior was not enough to learn e-course and computer or internet using ability was middle level as software using. And they thought RDA cyber course was comfort in non time or space limit, knowledge acquisition, and personal competency development. Cyber learning group was composed of open course only (12.5%), certificate only(25.7%), both(36.3%). Third, satisfaction and academic achievement of e-learning learners were good, and educational service offering for doing job in learning application category was good, but effect of cyber education was not good, especially, agricultural income increasing was not good because major learner group was not farmer, so they couldn't apply their knowledge to farming. And content structure and design, content comprehension, content amount were good. The more learning subject group responded to good in effects, and both open course and certificate course group satisfied more than open course only group. Based on the results, recommendation was offered as cyber course specialization before main course in RDA training system, support staff and faculty enlargement, building blended learning system with local RDA office, introducing cyber tutor system.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.58 no.6
• /
• pp.582-589
• /
• 2005

Background : The incidence of lung adenocarcinoma, which is more prevalent in women and nonsmokers, is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of an adenocarcinoma of the lung. Material and method : The clinical information of patients diagnosed with an adenocarcinoma of the lung at the Kosin University Gospel Hospital from January 1994 to July 2004 was reviewed retrospectively. The survival time of these patients was analyzed by the patient's age, gender, performance status, weight loss, smoking history, location of the primary tumor, clinical stage, serologic tumor markers, and treatment modality. Results : For all 422 patients with an adenocarcinoma of the lung, 247 (58.5%) were male, and their mean age was 59.8 years the. The majority of patients were smokers (58.3%), and the tumors were located in the periphery (59.7%). In the smokers, the tumor was located more in the central airway compared to the non-smokers (42.8% vs. 31.9%, p=0.12). The overall median survival time was 390 days (95% CI;304-436 days). Univariate survival analysis revealed that an older age (${\geq}65$ years old), male, weight loss, smoker, central type, advanced clinical stage, elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA, >5 ng/ml) and neuron specific enolase (NSE, >15 ng/ml), and the supportive care only were significantly poor prognostic factors. The median survival time was shorter in the smokers than nonsmokers (289 days vs. 533 days, p<0.001). In addition, it was also shorter in the elevated NSE group than in the normal range group (207 days vs. 469 days, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, clinical stage, serum NSE, smoking status, and treatment modality were independent predictors of survival (hazard ratios: 1.68, 1.94, 1.92, 2.39 and 1.57, respectively). Conclusions : Smoking is an important prognostic factor in an adenocarcinoma of the lung, but not gender. This suggests that the better prognosis of women is more related with the lower rate of smoking. In addition, the elevated serum NSE is also an important prognostic in an adenocarcinoma of the lung.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.159-172
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to explore a collaborative start-up space(Co-Space) configuration plan in terms of university-regional linkage through demand analysis on the composition of university-regional linkage startup space. To this end, a survey was conducted for request analysis, and the collected data were analyzed through the t-test, The Lotus for Focus model. In addition, FGI was implemented for entrepreneurs, and the direction of the composition of the university-region Co-Space was derived from various aspects. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of the analysis of the necessity of university-community Co-Space, the necessity of opening up the start-up space recognized by local residents and the necessity of building the start-up space in the region were high. In addition, men recognized the need to build a space for start-ups in the community more highly than women did women. Second, as a result of analysis of demands for university-regional Co-Space, the difference between current importance and future necessity of university-regional Co-Space was statistically significant. Third, as a result of analysis on the composition of the startup space by cooperation between universities and regions, different demands were made for composition of the startup space considering openness and closeness, and for composition of the startup space size. The implications of the study are as follows. First, Co-Spaces need to be constructed in conjunction with universities in accordance with the demands of start-up companies in the region by stage of development. Second, it is necessary to organize a customized Co-Space that takes into account the size and operation of the start-up space. Third, it is necessary to establish an experience-based open space for local residents in the remaining space of the university. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a Co-Space that enables an organic network between local communities, start-up investment companies, start-up support institutions, and start-up companies. This study is significant in that it proposed the regional startup ecosystem and the cooperative start-up space structure for strengthening start-up sustainability through cooperation between universities and local communities. The results of this study are expected to be used as useful basic data for Co-Space construction to build a regional start-up ecosystem in a trend emphasizing the importance of start-up space, which is a major factor affecting start-up companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.383-393
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to analyze the dietary lifestyle of local Chinese consumers and to classify dietary characteristics according to their dietary lifestyle factors and dietary behaviors. This investigation was conducted for 1 month from 1 January 2017 targeting 300 adult males and females living in China using the online survey company surveymonkey. Four factors relating to dietary lifestyle were identified, gourmet factor, healthy factor, convenience factor and economic factor, and these were grouped into 4 clusters according to their dietary lifestyle factor scores. Group 1, the gourmet economy group, showed a high percentage of living alone and a high frequency of eating out, but a relatively low percentage of three regular meals per day. Their dietary lifestyle was sensitive to gourmet factors and economic factors, but less sensitive to health and convenience factors. Group 2, the wide interest group, contained a high percentage of individuals in their 30s, as well as more highly educated individuals and a higher income than other groups. Because their dietary lifestyle scores tended to be higher than those of other groups, they sought a variety of new foods and gourmet meals for enjoyment of dining and life, as well as well-being food materials and foods related to health. Group 3, the health economic group, constituted a family-type consumer group with lower income level than the other groups. Members of this group were seeking health food and natural food in their dietary lifestyle and tended to pursue a high economic profit ratio when purchasing food. Finally, group 4 showed a relatively higher percentage of women over 30 and individuals with a college level or higher education than the other groups. This group was more interested in health and taste than price and convenience, and showed the highest LOHAS orientation among middle aged Chinese women. Moreover, members of this group directly utilized their knowledge regarding nutrition in real life.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.568-578
• /
• 2001

Background : Lung cancer is frequently cited as an example of a disease caused solely by exposure to environmental carcinogens. However, there is a growing realization that the genetic constitution is also important in determining individual's susceptibility to lung cancer. This genetic susceptibility may result from functional polymorphims of the genes involved in carcinogen metabolism. In this study, the association between GSTM1 and CYP1A1 polymorphisms and the lung cancer risk in Korean males was investigated. Materials and Method : The study population consisted of 153 male lung cancer patients and 143 healthy male controls. The GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes were determined by multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP analysis. Result : There were no significant differences in the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype between the cases and the controls. When the cases were categorized by their histologic type, the frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype in the small cell carcinoma group was higher than those of the controls(67.2% vs 55.9%), but the difference was not statistically significant(OR=1.772 ; 95% CI=0.723-4.340). The distribution of the CYP1A1 MspI genotypes among the cases were similar to those among the controls. When the cases were grouped by their histologic type, the ml/m1, ml/m2, m2/m2 genotypes frequencies among the small cell carcinomas(23.0%, 38.5%, and 38.5%, respectively) were significantly different from those of the controls(36.4%, 46.2%, and 7.4%, respectively, p<0.05). When the m1/m1 genotype was used as a reference, the ml/m2 and m2/m2 genotypes were associated with an increased risk for small cell lung cancer(ml/m2 genotype : OR=1.337, 95% CI=0.453-3.947 ; m2/m2 genotype : OR=3.374, 95% CI=1.092-10.421). Conclusion : These results suggest that the GSTM1 and CYP1A1 genotypes may be a genetic determinant of the risk for lung cancer, particlulary small cell carcinoma. Further investigation is needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.11-19
• /
• 2004

Stage 1 sleep provides important information regarding interpretation of nocturnal polysomnography, particularly sleep onset. It is a short transition period from wakeful consciousness to sleep. Lack of prominent sleep events characterizing stage 1 sleep is a major obstacle in automatic sleep stage scoring. In this study, we attempted to utilize simultaneous EEC and EOG processing and analyses to detect stage 1 sleep automatically. Relative powers of the alpha waves and the theta waves were calculated from spectral estimation. Either the relative power of alpha waves less than 50％ or the relative power of theta waves more than 23％ was regarded as stage 1 sleep. SEM (slow eye movement) was defined as the duration of both eye movement ranging from 1.5 to 4 seconds and regarded also as stage 1 sleep. If one of these three criteria was met, the epoch was regarded as stage 1 sleep. Results f ere compared to the manual rating results done by two polysomnography experts. Total of 169 epochs was analyzed. Agreement rate for stage 1 sleep between automatic detection and manual scoring was 79.3％ and Cohen's Kappa was 0.586 (p＜0.01). A significant portion (32％) of automatically detected stage 1 sleep included SEM. Generally, digitally-scored sleep s1aging shows the accuracy up to 70％. Considering potential difficulties in stage 1 sleep scoring, the accuracy of 79.3％ in this study seems to be robust enough. Simultaneous analysis of EOG provides differential value to the present study from previous oneswhich mainly depended on EEG analysis. The issue of close relationship between SEM and stage 1 sleep raised by Kinnariet at. remains to be a valid one in this study.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.82-91
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate development and nutrient analysis of traditional food in the Sunchang area. A total 6 kinds of set tables was excavated from storytelling. Among set tables, taste and season food were the best in Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table. Shape color, smell, and commercialization possibility and differentiation were best in Sunchang arirang season table. Mole Ratio of sodium and potassium was 1:1 in Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table. The calcium contents in Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table were higher than other traditional foods. This result indicated that Sunchang gochujang hanjeongsik and Sunchang arirang season table are useful for traditional functional food. Also, it is highly suggested to make a database system about local food and standardization of traditional foods cookery.