• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.3 s.74
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• pp.339-347
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variations of the skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions in relation to vertical facial patterns. Lateral cephalogram of 200 cases (100 cases of male and 100 cases of female, average age of which was 23.2 years) were traced and some measurements of skeletal and dentoalveolar dimensions were measured. The ratio of UAFH/LAFH was employed to classify the samples into groups of excess and short lower anterior facial height. And the comparison between two groups were taken statistacally. The following results were obtained. 1. The dentoalveolar height, lower anterior facial height, lower genial angle, and FMA in the excess-lower-anterior-facial-height group were significantly larger than those in short-lower-anterior-facial-height group. 2. The dentoalveolar height, facial height, ramus height, and Jarabak ratio in the male subjects were significantly larger than those in the female subjects. 3. The UAFH/LAFH ratio showed a significant correlation to upper, lower facial height, AUDH, PUDH, ALDH, PLDH, Lower gonial angle, FMA, and $Bj\"{o}rk's$ Sum.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 1992

Sensitivity of anti-Texoplasma antibody (IgG) test by enzyme·linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated in comparison with indirect laten agglutination (ILA) using 2,016 paired human samples of serum and cerebrospinal quid (CSF) . The samples were collected from neurologic patients in Korea with mass lesions in central nervous system(CNS) as revealed by imaging diagnosis(CTIMRI). When the sera were screened for anti-Toxoplasma antibody by ILA, 76 cases (3.8%) were positive (1:32 or higher titers). In the pairs samples of CSF, no positive reactions were observed. When ELISA was performed using PBS extract of Percoll purified tachysoites as antigen, cut-off absorbance was determined as 0.40 for serum and 0.27 for CSF tests. The antibody positive rates by ELISA were 7.0% in serum and 5.6% in CSF Of them, 40 cases(2.0%) showed positive reactions in both serum and CSF, The antibody positive rates were higher in groups older than 40 years, The rates were higher in male(4.7% by ILA, 8.3% by ELISA) than in female(2.2% by ILA, 5.0% by ELISA). The rates in CSF showed no such sex difference. ELISA showed twice higher positive rates when serum was tested, and was sensitive enough to detect specific antibodies in CSF. Etiologic relations between positive antibody tests and CNS lesions remained unknown.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
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• 2001.11b
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• pp.145-163
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• 2001

최근 인터넷 상거래가 급속히 확산되면서 기업의 경쟁이 실물세계와 가상세계에서 발생하는 현상이 전개되고 있다. 즉, 유통경로의 측면에서 볼 때 기존의 물리적 세계에 존재하는 전통적인(오프라인) 유통경로와 사이버공간에 존재하는 가상(온라인) 유통경로가 서로 경쟁하는 형국이 벌어지고 있는 것이다. 유통경로간 경쟁의 중심부에는 고객이 자리잡고 있다. 어떤 경로든 소비자의 욕구를 정확히 파악하고, 이들에게 최상의 유통서비스를 제공하는 경로는 생존·번영할 수 있을 것이다. 사실 현재 진행되고 있는 논의들과 현상들을 볼 때, 어느 한 유통경로가 다른 유통경로를 완전히 대체하는 제로섬 게임의 양상은 나타나고 있지 않다. 즉, 상당기간 두 유통경로는 상호 병존할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 이러한 점에 초점을 맞추어 이들 두 경로가 자신들만의 차별화된 경쟁우위를 가지고 생존할 수 있는 마케팅전략을 구상하기 위해 시도되었다. 이러한 전략을 제시하기 위해서는 우선 이들 두 경로상에서 소비자의 구매(쇼핑)행동은 어떻게 다른가에 대한 비교연구가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 온라인 유통경로와 오프라인 유통경로에서 소비자 구매행동의 차이를 비교분석 하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 특히 제품유형별로 온라인과 오프라인에서 구매속성중요도가 어떻게 달라지는가를 확인. 검증해 보기 위해 시도되었다. 캐주얼의류, 여행상품, 음악CD를 가지고 인터넷 사용자 500명을 대상으로 온라인조사를 실시한 결과, 온라인과 오프라인에서 구매속성 중요도에는 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이 결과를 토대로 오프라인 매장과 온라인 매장이 어떻게 차별화해야 하는가에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.통계적인 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 계육내 CLAisomer는 1, 2, 3% 급여구에서 각각 12.23, 18.74, 25.67 mg/g으로 처리구간에 현저한 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 본 연구의 결과 CLA의 급여는 SBO와 CT에 비하여 증체량을 개선하고 혈중HDL을 높여주는 경향을 보였지만 ND항체가는 개선되지 못하였다.으며, 그 효과는 농도에 의존적이었다, 고콜레스테롤 투여군(HC)의 분변 중 총 지질과 중성지방 농도는 정상대조군(C)에 비해 다소 높았고, 총 콜레스테롤의 경우는 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 그러나 뽕잎첨가군(HC5M과 HC10M)의 총 지질, 중성지방 및 콜레스테롤 농도는 콜레스테롤 투여군(HC)에 비해 분변으로 배설량이 증가하는 현상을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 살펴보면 뽕잎 분말은 고콜레스테롤식이를 섭취하는 경우 혈청과 간장의 지질수준은 떨어뜨리고, 분변중 지질배설량을 상승시키는 효과가 현저한 것으로 보인다.둘째. 1990년대 한국과 미국 패션시장의 가격과 품질간의 상관계수의 범위는 제품군별. 산업범주별 로 상이한 분포를 보이고 있었다. 패션제품군별로 보 면, 한국의 경우는 가장 높은 '여행용가방(r = 0.707)' 에서 가장 낮은 '자외선 차단화장품(r = -0.58)'까지, 그리고 미국 패션제품군의 상관계수의 범위는 '팬티 스타킹'의 0.820에서 '남성용 런닝슈즈'의 -0.472까지의 분포를 나타냈다. 마지막으로, 제품의 가격과 품질에 대한 정보를 소비자가 알 경우 얻을 수 있는 소비자의 구매이득 을 추산한 결과 패션제품시장에서 완전한 품질정보를 가지고 있다고 가정한 '현명한 사람'은, 최고가격의 제품만을

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the whitening effect of organic solvent extracts from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. We prepared different concentrations (50%, 70% and 100%) of ethanol, methanol, 100% ethyl acetate and water extracts. We tested melanin inhibitory effect and tyrosinase activity using B16/F10 melanoma cell. As a result, treatment of organic solvent extracts is decreased the biosynthesis of melanin and tyrosinase activity to 36 ~ 86%. Especially the 70% ethanol extracts was the most effective in B16/F10 melanoma cells. In the study on melanogenic protein expression, 70% ethanol extracts of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans blocked glycosylation of tyrosinase. Therefore this result suggests that 70% ethanol extracts could be developed as skin whitening agents.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2016

Staphylococcus aureus, which is generally susceptible to the involvement route in community, is mostly MSSA. However, CA-MRSA is recently increased. Abuse of antibiotics and glycopeptides may increase VISA and VRSA. This study was conducted to investigate the changes on the antibiotic resistance prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the wound of patients in a university hospital for the past 10 years. This study showed that antibiotic resistance was higher in males than in females; moreover, the antibiotic resistance rates increased with age. The resistance rate for penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, and rifampicin was, respectively, 97.7%, 60.5%, 57.4%, 48.8%, 41.1%, 44.2%, 44.2%, 14.7%, 13.2% and 3.9% in 2006. The resistance rate for penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fusidic acid, clindamycin, and rifampicin was, respectively 95.9%, 62.6%, 55.7%, 28.6%, 50.3%, 34.7%, 38.8%, 34.0%, 2.7% and 8.2% in 2016. Vancomycin, linezolid, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and teicoplanin exhibited 100% in antibiotic susceptibility. In particular, fusidic acid resistance was increased by 19.3% in 2016. Compared with 2006, the decreased point, 12.4% was susceptible and was statistically significant. Therefore, this study suggests that periodic review and understanding of microbial and antibiotic changes should continue to investigate appropriate antibiotic susceptibility.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.47-74
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• 2002

Since the Economic Crisis at the end of 1997, unemployment rate soared up to the record-high 8.6% (February 1999) and, for youth aged 15~29, it was 14.6% (27.8% for aged 15~19). In spite of economic recovery after the crisis, new participants in labor market at the school-to-work transition have faced with difficulties in finding their first jobs and, even further, the ratio of youth at out-of the labor force but not in school has remained at a higher level. It is important to calibrate the negative effects of nonemployment in the short-run as well as in the long-run, but there has been few study on the school-to-work transition in Korea. This study focus on the nonemployment duration to first job after formal education and comparison of its pattern before and after the crisis. A proportional hazard model, considering job prenaration before graduation (21.4% of the sample), with the semi-parametric baseline hazard is applied to the sample from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Survey(1998~2000) and its Youth Supplemental survey(2000). Interview of the Survey is conducted, by the Korea Labor Institute, to the same 5,000 household and 13,738 individual sample, guaranteeing nationwide representativeness. The Supplemental Survey consists of 3,302 young individuals aged 15 to 29 at the time of survey and 1,615 of them who are not in school and provide appropriate information is used for the analysis. The empirical results show that there exists negative duration dependence at the first three or for months at the transition period and no duration dependence since a turning point of the baseline hazard rate and that unemployment rate reflecting labor demand conditions has a positive effect on exiting the nonemployment state, which is inconsistent with a theoretical conclusion. Estimation with samples separated by the date of graduation before and after the crisis shows that the effect of unemployment rate on the hazard was negative for the pre-crisis sample but positive for the post-crisis sample.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.374-385
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• 1998

Phytoestrogens are biologically active compounds derived from plants foods. It had been suggested that phytoestrogens, by inhibiting aromatase in peripheral and/or cancer cells and lowering estrogen levels, may play a protective role as antipromotional compounds during growth of estrogen-dependent cancers. Therefore, simultaneous analysis of estrogens and phytoestrogens is necessary to elucidate the possible involvement of phytoestrogens in estrogen metabolism. In this view, we developed a simple and reproducible procedure to quantitatively determine estrogen and phytoestrogen metabolites. The proposed method consisted of solid phase extraction using preconditioned Serdolit AD-2 resin, enzyme hydrolysis with ${\beta}$-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase from Helix pomatia, liquid-liquid extraction and TMS-ether derivatization. And the final determination was carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). The precision and accuracy of this method was evaluated through within-a-day and day-to-day test. Recovery range and detection limit were 71.96~105.66%, 2~4 ng/mL, respectively. Using this method, 17 estrogen and 5 phytoestrogen compositions in urine of normal subjects were analyzed. It was found that amounts and relative distribution of urinary phytoestrigens and estrogens showed different pattern in male and female subjects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.480-493
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• 2016

Recently, the method of social interaction is transforming into a method that utilizes videos. We are suggesting a new social video platform that contains a video of 'I' and 'the other'. We studied how the appearance of 'the other' and 'I' affected the user. So we applied the Social Impact Theory and Self-Monitoring Theory. The platforms were then used to investigate how the user's positive attitude and sense of community were affected by having the user view his/her and 'the other's appearance watching the same video. As the result, users felt more positive attitude when their own appearance was shown on the screen. However, the positive attitude decreased when there were more femininity in the surrounding videos along with their own appearance. Also, when there were more masculinity in the surrounding video, the users felt a stronger sense of community. We believe this research will provide implications for developing the structure and organization of a new social video platform.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.624-644
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• 2017

Purpose: This study analyzed iodine intake by establishing an iodine database of general Korean foods eaten by Korean adults based on the data from the 1998 ~ 2014 KNHANES (Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Methods: Data on 56,818 subjects aged 19 years and older were obtained from health behavior interviews and a 24-hour dietary recall survey. Iodine intake of subjects was analyzed according to general characteristics, dietary lifestyle, food groups, and cooking method. Results: An iodine database was established for 312 food items. The mean iodine intake of Korean adults decreased from $641.6{\mu}g$ in 1998 to $236.2{\mu}g$ in 2014 per day. Iodine intake of women was higher than that of men. For age distribution, those aged 30 ~ 49 years constituted more than 39 ~ 46% of subjects by survey year. Regarding iodine intake according to dietary lifestyle, the highest iodine intake was 29.4 ~ 34.4% for lunch while that of breakfast decreased. The highest iodine contribution by food group was seaweed such as kelp, sea mustard, and laver. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that iodine intake of Korean adults has been decreasing, and iodine intake is associated with the prevalence of thyroid disease. This study provides basic data for the estimation of iodine intake in Korean adults.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.109-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to estimate the energy expenditure simply and practically during physical activities. The physical activity is quantified by the integration of the accelerometer signals obtained from the triaxial accelerometer attached at the waist level of the human body. To find a relationship between energy expenditure and accelerometer data, 6 male and 5 female subjects walked and ran on the treadmill with speeds of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 8.5 km/hr. Each subject performed walking at the speed lower than 6.0 km/hr and running at the speed higher than 6.5 km/hr. Actual energy expenditure was determined by a continuous direct gas analyzer. Two predictive equations of walking and running mode for energy expenditure which includes gender, body mass index(BMI) and data from accelerometer were developed using multiple regression analysis. The correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination between the estimated and measured energy expenditure were R=0.936, R2=0.876 and R=0.881, R2=0.776 in walking and running mode, respectively. For further study, experiments on a larger scale of test subjects are essential for acquiring more reliable results.