• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2018

Studies on suspected endocrine disrupting pesticide (EDP) residues in agricultural products were carried out in 2016 in Busan, Korea. Twelve different EDPs, ranging in concentration between 0.003-2.049 mg/kg, were detected in 19.5% of 462 samples. About 0.2% of agricultural product samples exceeded the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Risk indices of all of the EDPs were less than 10% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). The outcomes indicated that the risk groups at highest risk of exposure to diazinon (found in Korean cabbages) and carbendazim (found in apples) were females aged 40 to 49 and young males less than 10 years old, respectively. Based on the stochastic assessment at $95^{th}$ percentile (P95), risk index in these risk groups accounted for 8.38 and 2.98% of ADIs. The results showed that the occurrence of EDP residues in agricultural products could not be considered a public health problem.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.4-13
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• 2001

Purpose : Since the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981, the number of these patients has been increasing in the world. But do not find out a cure and a vaccine for ARS (5). And so, the best treatment for AIDS is the prevention. People can find out accurate knowledge about AIDS, and they can prevent themselves from AIDS approximately 100%. In this study, we investigate with AIDS knowledge and attitudes in unmarried young men (<24 age) and suggest accurate preventive education for AIDS and good sexual behaviors. Methods : Un-married young soldiers and college students who were not diagnosed as AIDS until June 30, 2000 were included in the study. The study included a total of 923 men. A self evaluation questionnaire, included questions on 36 items(the part of demographic data - 9; the part of knowledge - 20; the part of attitudes - 8), was drawn up by three physicians. The demographic data, AIDS knowledge and attitudes were analyzed by chi-square analysis, and the total score of AIDS knowledge - comparison according to demographic factors and attitudewere analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results : In demographic characteristics, as for the first recognized time of AIDS, most of men knew it when they were in their middle school, as for sources of information on AIDS, most of them knew it through the TV-media, and as for the educational need about AIDS, most of them agreed with it. In AIDS knowledge, mean scores were $14.0{\pm}1.8$ (70.3%). Items of the misconceptions concerning AIDS, reported as less than 50% correct answers, were 6 among 20 items (30%). In AIDS attitudes, as for the item about that if I will be an AIDS patient, I will have an AIDS treatment, it showed that the number of men agreed with 759 (82.2%), and as for the item about that I will help for AIDS patient even though I don't know him, it showed that the number of them agreed with 412 (45.8%). In correlation of AIDS knowledge and demographic factors, the mean scores of knowledge of men with higher than college degree were higher than them of others. The mean scores of knowledge of men with total income of family with more than US$1667 were higher than them of others. The mean scores of knowledge of men with sources of information on AIDS through the TV-media were higher than them of others. And the mean scores of knowledge of men with past medical history of STD(sexually transmitted disease) were higher than them of others. Conclusions : The higher the knowledge he has, the lower the possibility of risk and the more positive the attitude he has. And then we think that the education program for AIDS will be included as a regular part of the curriculum in high school, and young men must be effectively educated by it.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.413-418
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• 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of facet tropism on the degeneration of facet joint and intervertebral disc in the cervical spine. Materials and Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, cervical tropism of 100 patients at the C5/6 level was analyzed retrospectively. In computed tomography (CT), the orientation and tropism of the facet joint with respect to the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes were measured. Regression of the facet joint in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT was assessed using a grading system. Intervertebral disc degeneration was assessed and divided into five grades on MRI. For the left and right asymmetry, a difference between two facet angles of less than 7° was classified as the control group, more than 7° was classified as the tropism group. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.44±12.3 years (31-81 years) in the tropism group and 55.66±10.7 years (32-76 years) in the control group. In the tropism group, 32 were male and 18 were female. In the control group, 24 were male and 26 were female. Facet joint degeneration was identified in 24 patients (48.0%) in the tropism group and 14 patients (28.0%) in the control group, showing a significant difference. Intervertebral disc degeneration was identified in 29 patients (58.0%) in the tropism group and 17 patients (34.0%) in the control group, showing a significant difference. Multivariate revealed, tropism to be a factor that affected the facet joint and intervertebral disc degeneration. Conclusion: Facet joint and intervertebral disc degeneration occurred significantly in the tropism group, and tropism is a factor affecting the degeneration of facet joint and intervertebral disc in the C5/6 level.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

One of the critical problems to preserve books and documents in libraries and archives is the deterioration. Some of previous results showed that the major cause of paper deterioration was the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the cellulose in paper fibres and aging rate of acidic paper was faster than that of alkaline paper. Therefore, It is necessary to remove the acid in the paper for reducing the rate of paper deterioration. It has been reported to extend the useful life of acidic paper by three to five times. Recently, It has been recognized the need for an effective method of deacidifying large quantities of books and document. However, in the previous many reports little attention was paid to the effect of paper additives. In this paper, We carried out experiment about the effect of additives on paper aging and the effect of deacidification by the gaseous ethanolamines (monoehtanolamine, diethanolamine, triehtanolamine). In result, it was found that the strength of aging was in the order of the alum＋rosin＞alum ＞AKD＞ control and the rate of deacidification was in the order of the monoethanolamine＞diethanolamine＞triethanolamine. The treatment with the gaseous ethanolamines caused decreasing of brightness and dropping of fold endurances. However, deacidification by combination treatment of the various gaseous ehtnaolamines prevented from decreasing of brightness and dropping of folding endurances.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2001

Prupose : To evaluate the role of linac based radiosurgery (RS) in the treatment of meningiomas, we retrospectively analyzed the results of clinical and follow up CT/MRI studies. Methods and Materials : From the 1988 July to 1998 April, twenty patients of meningioma had been treated with 6 MV linear accelerator based radiosurgery. Of the 20 patients, four $(20\%)$ were male and 16 $(80\%)$ were female. Mean age was 51 years old ($22\~78$ years old). Majority of intracranial location of tumor for RS were parasagittal and sphenoid wing area. RS was done for primary treatment in 6 $(30\%)$, postoperative residual lesions in 11 $(55\%)$ and regrowth after surgery in 3 $(15\%)$. Mean tumor volume was $5.72\;cm^3\;(0.78\~15.1\;cm^3)$ and secondary collimator size was 2.04 cm $(1\~3\;cm)$. The periphery of tumor margin was prescribed with the mean dose of 19.6 Gy $(9\~30\;Gy)$ which was $40\~90\%$ of the tumor center dose. The follow up duration ranged from 2.5 to 109 months (median 53 months). Annual CT/MRI scan was checked. Results : By the follow up imaging studies, the tumor volume was reduced in 5 cases $(25\%)$, arrested growth in 14 cases $(70\%)$, and increased size in 1 case $(15\%)$. Among these responsive and stable 19 patients by imaging studies, there showed loss of contrast enhancement after CT/MRI in four patients. In clinical response, nine $(45\%)$ patients were considered improved condition, 10 $(50\%)$ patients were stable and one $(5\%)$ was worsened to be operated. This partly resulted in necrosis after surgery. Conclusion : The overall control rate of meningiomas with linac based RS was $95\%$ by both imaging follow-up and clinical evaluation. With this results, linac based RS is considered safe and effective treatment method for meningioma.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.419-426
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• 2009

Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of bone mineral density according to distal radius rotation and to develop the supporting tool to measure rotation angles. Materials and Methods : CT scanning and the measurement of BMD by DXA of the appropriate position of the forearm were performed on 20 males. Twenty healthy volunteers without any history of operations, anomalies, or trauma were enrolled. The CT scan was used to evaluate the cross sectional structure and the rotation angle on the horizontal plane of the distal radius. The rotational angle was measured by the m-view program on the PACS monitor. The DXA was used in 20 dried radii of cadaveric specimens in pronation and supination with five and ten degrees, respectively, including a neutral position (zero degrees) to evaluate the changes of BMD according to the rotation. Results : The mean rotation angle of the distal radius on CT was 7.4 degrees of supination in 16 cases (80%), 3.3 degrees of pronation in three cases (15%), and zero degree of neutral in one case (9%), respectively. The total average rotation angle in 20 people was 5.4 degrees of supination. In the cadaveric study, the BMD of the distal radius was different according to the rotational angles. The lowest BMD was obtained at 3.3 degrees of supination. Conclusion : In the case of the measurement of BMD in the distal radius with a neutral position, the rotational angle of the distal radius is close to supination. Pronation is needed for the constant measurement of BMD in the distal radius with the rotation angle measuring at the lowest BMD and about five degrees of pronation of the distal radius is recommended.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.167-172
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• 2008

Recently a high-quality voxel model of a Korean adult male was constructed at Hanyang University by using very high resolution serially-sectioned anatomical images of a cadaver, which was provided by the Korean Institute of Science and Technology Information (KISTI). Most existing voxel phantoms are developed based on an individual in the supine posture. This study converted the HDRK-Man voxel model into surface model and adjusted the flattened back of the HDRK-Man to a normal shape in the upright posture using 3D graphic softwares such as $3D-DOCTOR^{TM}$, $Rapidform^{(R)}$2006, $Rhinoceros^{(R)}$4.0, $MAYA^{(R)}$8.5. The effective doses of adjusted model were compared with those of unadjusted model for some standard irradiation geometries (i.e., AP, PA, LLAT, RLAT). In general, the differences were not very large and, among those, the largest difference was found for the PA radiation geometry, as expected. These methodologies can be used for the development of various deformed posture models of HDRK-Man in the later stage of this project.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.12 s.138
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• pp.1554-1561
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• 2004

In the U.S., outdoor enthusiasts such as golfers have been focused on skin cancer prevention practices since their outdoor activities lead to extensive sun exposure during peak sun hours. The purposes of this study were to investigate golfers current sun protection behaviors and five attributes and their impacts on the intention to adopt UV specialized clothing based on Rogers' theory. UV specialized clothing as a preventive innovation is related to sun protection behaviors. However, there has been little effort to explain the intention to adopt a preventive innovation regarding health-related practices. With a convenience sampling method, a total of 158 useful questionnaires were collected. Ninety one percent were male golfers, and their age ranged from 16 to 80 years old(mean age=30 years). About $25\%$ reported to practice sun protection behaviors. About $70\%$ disagreed on the relative advantage, compatibility, observability, and triability of UV specialized shirts and reported the low intention to purchase it. Current sun protection behaviors and five attribute variables were entered in the multiple regression equation to explain the dependent variable of intention to adopt the innovation. Triability was the best predictor of the intention to adopt UV specialized shirts, followed by current sun protection behaviors, compatibility, and relative advantage. With four predictors, $45\%$ of the variance of intention to adopt was explained. The present study provides how the golfers current sun protection behaviors play important roles in explaining the intention to adopt the preventive innovation. Physical and functional features of UV specialized clothing were also significantly associated with their intentions to adopt it.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

The gingival zenith is the most apical point of the gingival outline. This study aimed to quantify the mesio-distal and apico-coronal displacements of gingival zenith in maxillary anterior dentition. 50 healthy patients, who ranged in age from 25 to 36 years were recruited for the study. Alginate impressions of the study group were made and poured with the type III stone. The gingival zenith positions of maxillary anterior teeth were measured in a mesial-lateral direction from the vertical bisected midline. The apico-coronal displacements of the gingival zenith of lateral incisors were measured from a line joining the gingival zeniths of the central incisor and canine. The gingival zeniths were distally displaced in 90%, 53% and 23% of the maxillary cetral incisors, lateral incisors and canines respectively. The mean distal displacements of the gingival zeniths to the vertical bisected midline of central incisors, lateral incisors and canines were 0.90 mm, 0.29 mm and 0.06 mm respectively. The gingival zeniths of lateral incisors were positioned $0.73{\pm}0.43$ mm coronally to the line joining the gingival zenith of central incisors and canines. Consideration of these findings may improve restorative procedures in the anterior maxillary dentition.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2009

In this paper, we introduce a reading training program offering visual-auditory cue with noise cancellation function (RT program) developed by us. The RT program provides some training sentences with visual-auditory cues. Motor speech disorder patients can use the visual and/or auditory cues for reading training. To provide convenient estimation of training result, we developed a noise cancellation algorithm. The function of the algorithm is to remove noise and auditory-cues which are recorded with reading speech at the same time while patient read the sentences in PC monitor. In addition, we developed a function for finding out the first starting time of reading sound after a patient sees a sentence and begins to read the sentence. The recorded speeches are acquired from six people(three male, three female) in four noisy environments (interior noise, white noise, car interior noise, babble noise). We evaluated the timing error for starting time between original recorded speech and processed speech in condition of executing noise cancellation function and not executing. The timing error was improved as much as $4.847{\pm}2.4235[ms]$ as the effect of noise cancellation. It is expected that the developed RT program helps motor speech disorder patient in reading training and symptom evaluation.