• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.806-831
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• 2020

Musculoskeletal injury is the most common cause of children visiting the department of emergency medicine. Since the bone is still developing, pediatric patients have characteristic radiological manifestations, including plastic deformation, greenstick fractures, and buckle (or torus) fractures. Furthermore, growth arrest can occur in those with physeal fractures. Various mechanisms are responsible for pediatric musculoskeletal injury since children have different ranges of activities, depending on their age, such as birth injury and fall and traffic accidents. Some fractures have characteristic locations and radiological manifestations. In this review, we will discuss various radiological manifestations of fractures involving both upper and lower limbs in pediatric patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1980

The occurrence of witches' broom of Rhus javanica was first noticed in Korea by the author in 1979. Subsequently, studies were made on the symptomatology, etiology, and transmission of the disease, as well as the effect of some antibiotics on the disease development. The results of these studies are summarized as follows: 1. Symptoms of the infected plant were characterized by dwarfing of the tree accompanied by yellowing and brooming of the foliage. 2. Electron microscopy of witches' broom diseased Rhus javanica plant revealed the occurrence of numerous mycoplasma-like organisms (MLO's) in the phloem tissue cells (sieve tube elements and phloem parenchyma cells) of the rachis and midribs of infected leaves. 3. The MLO's were bounded by a single unit membrane and contained ribosome-like granules and strands presumed to be DNA. It also appears that the MLO multiply possibly by budding as well as binary and plurinary fission. 4. In the midrib of healthy leaves, vascular bundles were collaterally discontinuous. In the diseased leaves, however, xylems were connected to each other and phloem cells showed an atrophy. Granules, which were prominent in the normal abaxial epidermis, were not observed in the peidermis of diseased leaves. 5. Electron microscopy revealed crystals or osmopholic granules in the phloem parenchyma cells, and that normal stacks of grana were not developed in the chloroplasts of infected levels. 6. The disease was experimentally transmitted by grafting. Budding was more effective than crown grafting for transmitting the disease. The disease has been transmitted by grafting even when complete union of stocks and scions has not taken place. The disease agent was not transmitted by sap inoculation. Insect transmission has not been confirmed. 7. Dipping the roots of infected plants into the 500 ppm and 1,000 solutions of either tetracycline HCI or oxytetracycline, HCI was more effective on temporary remision of the symptoms than spraying the 100 ppm and 200 ppm solutions of the same antibiotics. A greater effect was achieved through dipping into 1,000 ppm than into 500 ppm.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2003

Mycological characteristics of Phomopsis citri isolates obtained from blighted twigs of citrus cultivation areas in Jeju island were all identified as Phomopsis citri known as the anamorph stage of Diaporthe citri. Pycnidia the isolates sized from 112.2 to 614.4${\mu}m$ (av. 328.8${\mu}m$) and shaped conical to lenticulata in black. Two types of phialospores, ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-spores were observed from pycnidia. The ${\alpha}$-spores were hyaline, unicellula, fusiform to ellipsoidal and sized 4.7~8.7 1.9 ${\times}$ 3.5${\mu}m$ (av. 6.7 ${\times}$ 2.3 ${\mu}m$). The ${\beta}$-spores were hyaline, unicellula, filiform, curved and often strongly hooked and sized 13.2~27.1 ${\times}$ 0.8~1.6 ${\mu}m$ (av. 22.1 ${\times}$ 1.0 ${\mu}m$). All isolates grew well and produced abundant pycnidia and spore horns on PDA. In addition, all isolates showed strong pathogenicity to citrus fruit inducing melanose symptoms when artificially inoculated with the pycnidial spores.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.301-311
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze characteristics, health behaviors and health management level related to private health examination recipients in one general hospital. To achieve this, we analyzed 150,501 cases of private health examination data for 11 years from 2001 to 2011 for 20,696 participants in 2011 in a Dae-Jeon general hospital health examination center. The cluster analysis for classify private health examination group is used z-score standardization of K-means clustering method. The logistic regression analysis, decision tree and neural network analysis are used to periodic/non-periodic private health examination classification model. 1,000 people were selected as a customer management business group that has high probability to be non-periodic private health examination patients in new private health examination. According to results of this study, private health examination group was categorized by new, periodic and non-periodic group. New participants in private health examination were more 30~39 years old person than other age groups and more patients suspected of having renal disease. Periodic participants in private health examination were more male participants and more patients suspected of having hyperlipidemia. Non-periodic participants in private health examination were more smoking and sitting person and more patients suspected of having anemia and diabetes mellitus. As a result of decision tree, variables related to non-periodic participants in private health examination were sex, age, residence, exercise, anemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and liver disease. In particular, 71.4% of non-periodic participants were female, non-anemic, non-exercise, and suspicious obesity person. To operation of customized customer management business for private health examination will contribute to efficiency in health examination center.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.34
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• pp.61-72
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• 2022

Purpose: Conventional CBCT(Cone-beam Computed-tomography) caused an error in the target volume due to organ movement in the area affected by respiratory movement. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of accuracy and time spent using the Gated CBCT function, which reduces errors when performing RGRT(respiratory gated radiation therapy), and to examine the appropriateness of phase. Materials and methods: To evaluate the usefulness of Gated CBCT, the QUASAR^TM respiratory motion phantom was used in the Truebeam STx^TM. Using lead marker inserts, Gated CBCT was scaned 5 times for every 20~80% phase, 30~70% phase, and 40~60% phase to measure the blurring length of the lead marker, and the distance the lead marker moves from the top phase to the end of the phase was measured 5 times. Using Cedar Solid Tumor Inserts, 4DCT was scanned for every phase, 20-80%, 30-70%, and 40-60%, and the target volume was contoured and the length was measured five times in the axial direction (S-I direction). Result: In Gated CBCT scaned using lead marker inserts, the axial moving distance of the lead marker on average was measured to be 4.46cm in the full phase, 3.11cm in the 20-80% phase, 1.94cm in the 30-70% phase, 0.90cm in the 40-60% phase. In Fluoroscopy, the axial moving distance of the lead marker on average was 4.38cm and the distance on average from the top phase to the beam off phase was 3.342cm in the 20-80% phase, 3.342cm in the 30-70% phase, and 0.84cm in the 40-60% phase. Comparing the results, the difference in the full phase was 0.08cm, the 20~80% phase was 0.23cm, the 30~70% phase was 0.10cm, and the 40~60% phase was 0.07cm. The axial lengths of ITV(Internal Target Volume) and PTV(Planning Target Volume) contoured by 4DCT taken using cedar solid tumor inserts were measured to be 6.40cm and 7.40cm in the full phase, 4.96cm and 5.96cm in the 20~80% phase, 4.42cm and 5.42cm in the 30~70% phase, and 2.95cm and 3.95cm in the 40~60% phase. In the Gated CBCT, the axial lengths on average was measured to be 6.35 cm in the full phase, 5.25 cm in the 20-80% phase, 4.04 cm in the 30-70% phase, and 3.08 cm in the 40-60% phase. Comparing the results, it was confirmed that the error was within ±8.5% of ITV Conclusion: Conventional CBCT had a problem that errors occurred due to organ movement in areas affected by respiratory movement, but through this study, obtained an image similar to the target volume of the setting phase using Gated CBCT and verified its usefulness. However, as the setting phase decreases, the scan time was increases. Therefore, considering the scan time and the error in setting phase, It is recommended to apply it to patients with respiratory coordinated stereotactic radiation therapy using a wide phase of 30-70% or more.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

Here, we reported 159 varieties of major cultivars using grapevine genetic resources to identify the resistant grape ripe rot cultivars. To do this, we performed pathogenicity assays from these grape cultivars by inoculating Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS) method was also used to compare genetic diversity among grape varieties. As a result, leaves inoculated with C. acutatum showed that 58 cultivars were susceptible, while 17 cultivars were resistant. In the case of C. gloeosporioides, 34 cultivars were found to be susceptible, while 25 cultivars were resistant. The 8 cultivars that showed resistance to both species were 'Agawan', 'Huangguan', 'Xiangfei', and 5 other cultivars from the hybrids of European and American species. Most of the varieties such as 'Emerald Seedless', 'Tano Red', and 'Rem 46-77(Aestivalis GVIT 0970)' originated in European species were identified as susceptible. These results can be used in the effective management of grape disease. In addition, these findings provide information for the development and cultivation of resistant to grape ripe rot disease cultivars.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.139-147
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• 2024

Erwinia amylovora is a gram-negative plant pathogen that causes fire blight in apple and pear trees, resulting in significant damage worldwide. In this study, we monitored the emergence of fire blight from 2019 to 2023 to determine the emergence patterns and the factors affecting the outbreak of the disease. As a result of the 5-year survey on the emergence of fire blight, a total of 2,029 cases have emerged, mostly in apple trees of 1,378 cases (67.9%) followed by 645 cases (31.8%) in pear trees, and from quince, hawthorn, and mountain ash trees. Fire blight appeared in specific areas of Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Gangwon, and Chungbuk provinces in 2019, but spread to Andong and Yesan in 2021, Muju and Bonghwa in 2023. In 2020 and 2021, there were 744 and 618 cases of fire blight outbreaks, respectively, compared to other years (188-245 cases/year). Notably, 914 of these cases were observed in apple trees from May to July, with 667 cases reported in Chungju and Jecheon. The incidence of fire blight was positively correlated with the daily maximum temperatures and rainy days in January and February, as well as the rainy days in May and June. The average age of the diseased pear trees was 25 years, higher than the 10-year average age of the apple trees. This study provides fundamental information to understand the status and factors affecting the fire blight emergence in Korea. Prevention measures should be established through continuous analysis of the status of fire blight.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1483-1495
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• 2007

Thanks to IEEE 802.11 technique, accessing Internet through a wireless LAN(Local Area Network) is possible in the most of the places including university campuses, shopping malls, offices, hospitals, stations, and so on. Most of the APs(access points) for wireless LAN are supporting 2.4 GHz band 802.11b and 802.11g protocols. This paper is introducing a C# library function which can be used to read RSSIs(Received Signal Strength Indicator) from APs. An LBS(Location Based Service) estimates the current location of the user and provides useful user's location-based services such as navigation, points of interest, and so on. Therefore, indoor, LBS is very desirable. However, an indoor LBS cannot be realized unless indoor position ing is possible. For indoor positioning, techniques of using infrared, ultrasound, signal strength of UDP packet have been proposed. One of the disadvantages of these techniques is that they require special equipments dedicated for positioning. On the other hand, wireless LAN-based indoor positioning does not require any special equipments and more economical. A wireless LAN-based positioning cannot be realized without reading RSSIs from APs. Therefore, our C# library function will be widely used in the field of indoor positioning. In addition to providing a C# library function of reading RSSI, this paper introduces implementation of indoor positioning modules making use of the library function. The methods used in the implementation are K-NN(K Nearest Neighbors), Bayesian and trilateration. K-NN and Bayesian are kind of fingerprinting method. A fingerprint method consists of off-line phase and realtime phase. The process time of realtime phase must be fast. This paper proposes a decision tree method in order to improve the process time of realtime phase. Experimental results of comparing performances of these methods are also discussed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.329-334
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• 1995

Transformation system of rolC gene, dwarf gene in Lycium chinenese Mill. established by using system. Pin-punctured leaves induced numerous adventious buds in abaxial side when cultured on 3/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L zeatin. Survival rate and shoot regeneration frequency of leaf explants decreased as kanamycin sulfate level increased. Shoot buds were not regenerated on 3/2 MS medium containing 10 mg/L kanamycin sulfate and 2.0 mg/L zeaein. Of the level tested, 10 mg/L of kanamycin sulfate was optimum in selection of kanamycin sulfate resistant plant. Co-culture time of bacteria and leaf explants was affected at the frequency of shoot regeneration and survival of leaf explants. Leaf explants co-cultivated during above 48hr severely decreased survival rate and shooting rate. Best result on survival rate and shooting rate were obtained when exposed for 24 h. 80 explants of 105 leaf explants survived on 3/2 MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L zeatin and 10 mg/L kanamycin sulfate, and 15 shoots was regenerated on the same medium. To select kanamycin sulfate resistant plant, regenerate as cultured on 3/2 MS medium containing 10 mg/L kanamycin sulfate, and obtained 5 kanamycin resistant plants. Southern blot analysis conformed that the rolC gene was incorporated into the genomic DNA of kanamycin resistant plants.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.69-70
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• 2018

Erwinia pyrifoliae is a Gram-negative bacterium causing black shoot blight in apple and Asian pear trees. E. pyrifoliae strain EpK1/15 was isolated in 2014 from an apple twig from the Pocheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. In this study, we report the draft genome sequence of E. pyrifoliae EpK1/15 using PacBio RS II platform. The draft genome is comprised of a circular chromosome with 4,027,225 bp and 53.4% G + C content and a plasmid with 48,456 bp and 50.3% G + C content. The draft genome includes 3,798 protein-coding genes, 22 rRNA genes, 77 tRNA genes, 13 non-coding RNA genes, and 231 pseudo genes.