• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.218-227
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• 1989

Fallen and living pine needles bearing ascocarps were collected throughout the country from February, 1987 to October, 1988 to identify and describe Lophodermium species associated with Lophodermium needle cast disease of pines in Korea. All of the observed characteristics of given species were compared with published descriptions of the Lophodermium species. As a result of this study, six Lophodermium species were identified and described. L. pinastri was previously recorded while the other five species, i.e., L. australe, L. durzlabrum, L. nitens, L. pini-excelsae and L. pini-pumilae, were unrecorded in Korea. One Lophodermium species has not been fully identified in this study, and tentatively named as L. sp-1. L. australe was observed on the needles of Pinus rigida, P. rigida ${\times}$ taeda and P. taeda, L. pini-excelsae on P. parviflora and P. strobus, L. nitens, L. durilabrum and L. pini-pumilae on P. koraiensis, L. sp-1 on P. thunbergii and L. pinastri on P. densiflora and P. taeda. L. sp-1 was collected from the diseased regions of 2-year-old needles of P. thunbergii and L. durilabrum from P. koraiensis, suggesting pathogenic nature of these fungi.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1967

The fungus which belongs to Alternaria has been isolated from "damping-off" infected seedlings of pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) in the nursery (seed bed) of Chung Puk College, Cheong-Ju. The author has carried out this study regarding to (1) the effects of H-ion concentration on the growth of fungus, (2) the effects of temperature and humidity on the conidia germination, (3) the effects of temperature and humidity on the conidia formation. The summary of obtained in this experiments is as follows: 1. The suitable H-ion concentration for growth of isolated fungus is in the range of PH 4.0-9.5, the most suitable of it is PH 6.5-8.0. 2. The germination of the conidia is suppressed at below $0^{\circ}C$ or at $40^{\circ}C$ and above, the range of optimum temperature for the germination is $5^{\circ}C-35^{\circ}C$, the percentage of germination is highest at $20^{\circ}C$. And under relative humidities of 10% or below, the germination is suppressed, favorable relative humidities $85%{\cdots}100%$. 3. The formation of the conidia is suppressed at below $10^{\circ}C$ or at $34^{\circ}C$ and above, the favorable condition of the condia formation is as follows; Temperature; $22^{\circ}C-28^{\circ}C$ Relative humidity:85%-100%.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2019

Cancer is genetically, metabolically and infectiously induced life threatening disorder showing aggressive growing pattern with invasive tendency. In order to prevent this global menace from jeopardizing human life, enormous studies on carcinogenesis and treatment for chemotherapy resistance have been intensively researched. Hinokitiol (${\beta}$-thujaplicin) extracted from heart wood of cupressaceous is a well-known bioactive compound demonstrating anti-inflammation, anti-bacteria and anti-cancer effects on several cancer types via apoptosis and autophagy. This study proposed that hinokitiol activates transcription factor EB (TFEB) nuclear translocation for autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis regardless of nutrient condition in cancer cells. Mitophagy and ${\beta}$-catenin translocation into the nucleus under treatment of hinokitiol on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and HeLa cells were investigated. Hinokitiol exerted cytotoxicity on HeLa and HCC827 cells; moreover, artificially induced autophagy by overexpression of TFEB granted imperfect sustainability onto HeLa cells. Taken together, hinokitiol is the prominent autophagy inducer and activator of TFEB nuclear translocation. Alternative cancer therapy via autophagy is pros and cons since the autophagy in cancer cells is related to prevention and survival mechanism depending on nutrition. To avoid paradox of autophagy in cancer therapy, fine-tuned regulation and application of hinokitiol in due course for successful suppressing cancer cells are recommended.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Since the List of Plant Diseases in Korea (DisList) was first published in 1986, the 6th edition appeared 36 years later. In 2023, the 6.1 edition, a revised and improved version of the 6th edition, was released to the public on the web free of charge. The contents of DisList increased, with the number of hosts increasing from 437 taxa to 1,420 taxa and the number of disease species increasing from 1,539 to 6,680. Among these, tree diseases are 3,586 species and their hosts include 504 taxa, providing much help to experts who need them. Meanwhile, the importance of accurate disease names continues to grow with the legalization of tree care, but many disease names are still inappropriate or misused, causing confusion. Disease names that do not follow the naming regulations are still registered, and even if the same pathogen infects hosts of the same taxa, the disease names are given differently, and there are many disease names that do not indicate the characteristics of the disease. Also, there are diseases reported without Korean names. In order to make DisList better, the review committee for disease names should establish the regulations to review and register disease names, and establish a system to review new disease names before publishing papers.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.586-592
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine optimum approaches for control of microorganisms in school refectories and kitchens. A reduction of more than 5.0 log CFU/mL was noted for Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans after treatment with 5 ppm ozone water for 60 s. Treatment of different vegetables with ozone water for 5 min showed bactericidal effects with 2-4 log reduction of viable cell number; the bactericidal effects differed according to the kinds of vegetables. The viable cell number on kitchen apparatus and tableware was not detected by ozone water treatment for 60 s. In addition, the count of the bacteria floating in the air in refectories and kitchens decreased 2.0 log CFU/1,000 L air to 0-1 CFU/1,000 L air on treatment with 45 ppm ozone gas for 12 hr. Therefore, ozone water and ozone gas may be good candidates as antimicrobial agents that can be used to improve sanitary conditions in school refectories and kitchens.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.1 s.138
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

Feeding behavior of foraging ants including visiting numbers, species, and preference on insect cadavers killed by entomopathogenic nematodes <(Heterorhabditis sp. KCTC 0991BP (He) and Steinernema carpocapsae KCTC 0981BP (Sc)> and their symbiotic bacteria was investigated in Dongrae Benest Golf Club, Anyang Benest Golf Club, Gapyung Benest Golf Club and Ulsan Golf Club. The number of ants, kinds and numbers of cadavers taken away by ants were different depending on killing method, golf club and site within the golf courses (fairway and rough). The feeding preference of ants was the lowest on cadavers killed by He. At Dongrae Benest Golf Club Lasius japonicu ($75{\pm}5\%$) and Monomorium floricola ($10\%$) took away cadavers only at the rough. The visiting rate of ants was $85{\pm}6\%$ at the rough, but none at the fairway by 16 hours. The taken rate of cadavers by ants was the lowest on He-killed cadavers representing $16.7\%$ compared with $40.0\%$ on Sc-killed cadavers, $53.3\%$ on fenitrithion-killed cadavers, and $56.7\%$ on natural dead cadavers by 12 hours. At the rough of hole 6 in Anyang Benest Golf Club, Tetramorium tsushimae ($33{\pm}12\%$), Pheidole fervida ($17{\pm}15\%$), Camponatus japonicus ($10\%$), Formica japonica ($7{\pm}6\%$), Paratrechina flavipes ($3{\pm}6\%$), and Crematogaster matsumurai ($3{\pm}6\%$) took away cadavers, but $23{\pm}15\%$ of cadavers were not visited by ants. Ants took away $40\%$ of Sc-killed cadavers, $16.7\%$ of frozen-killed cadavers, and $3.4\%$ of He-killed cadavers. The number of visiting ants was low at the hole 9 of Cherry course in Gapyung Benest Golf Club and only Tetramorium tsuhimae and Paratrechina flavipes were found from one site. The density of entomopathogenic nematodes did not influence ant visiting on cadavers, but burying affected ant visiting. Although ants took away unburied cadavers, buried cadavers were taken away at the hole 6 of Dongrae Benest Golf Club by 16 hours. Ant visiting had the same tendency on symbiotic bacterium-treated biscuit as nematode-killed cadavers. The visiting was less on biscuit inoculated by Photorhabdus sp., a symbiotic bacterium of He than on biscuit inoculated by Xenorhabdus nematophila, a symbiotic bacterium of Sc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 1987

The Pungent principles and Essential oil compositions of Zanthoxylum piperitum $D_E$ $C_{ANDOLIE}$(peel, barb) were analysed by HPLC and GC, respectively. Total Pungent principle contents of peels were about as 12 times as those of barks. The Sanshool I, Sanshool IV, Sanshool III and Sanshoo V were the major Pungent principles in the peels and barks. Besides, several Unknown Pungent principles were discovered in the peels and barks, too. Total Essential oil contents of peels were higher than those of barks at the ratio of 1.8 % to 0.5%. The Cineol+Limonene(37.7%) were the main Essential oil compositions in the peels, while ${\alpha}-Terpineol(16.5%)$ and Pinene(15.5%) were the major portion in the barks. The Essential oil of peels and barks were composed Pinen, Myrcene, Cineol+Limonene, Linalool, Isopulegol, Terpinen-4-ol, ${\alpha}-Terpineol$ and Piperitone. Besides, seven Unknown compositions were discovered, too.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2006

This study was carried out to know pathogenicity of the pathogen isolated in several location of Korea and penetration mechanism of the Pseudocercospora vitis ($(L\acute{e}v)$.) Speg. Inoculation tests at room temperature were performed on both sides of leaves with different isolates of the fungus. The typical symptoms appeared on the abaxial leaf surface, but no symptom was observed on the adaxial leaf surface with all isolates. The average incubation period was nine days, since all symptoms appeared from 8 to 10 days after inoculation. In order to know the mechanism of invasion of P. vitis to grapevine, the behavior of penetration hyphae through stomata were compared in two cultivars having different level of resistance. In order to know the mechanism of resistance of grape vine to P.vitis, two cultivars having different level of resistance were compared by counting the numbers and measuring size of the stomata per leaf. In a susceptible cultivar Campbell Early, the number of stomata was more than that of a resistance cultivar 'Kyoho'. In a susceptible cultivar 'Campbell Early', the fungus entered readily into stomata after inoculation. However, in a resistant cultivar 'Kyoho', the fungus seemed to pass over or surrounded only the guard cells. In comparison of height of guard cells of stomata between the two cultivars, significant differences were observed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The height of guard cells of 'Campbell Early' showed a little higher than those of 'Kyoho' known to be resistant to the fungus.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2002

Several antagonistic bacteria, SD-1, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, and 16, which have strong CMCase and amylase activities, were isolated from the fermented mushroom media. Among them, SD-1, 10, 11, and 15 have strong antibacterial activities against the mushroom pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas sp., and SD-1, 10, 11, 14, and 16 have strong antifungal activities against the mushroom pathogenic fungi, Trichoderma sp. SD-14, 15, and 16 did not inhibit the growth of mushroom Pleurotus eryngii ASI-2302, and Pleurotus ostreatus ASI-2042 and ASI-2180. When the culture broth mixture of the seven bacterial strains was applied to the mushroom media, the growths of pathogens, Pseudomonas sp. and Trichoderma sp., were inhibited.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.87.4-88
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• 1976

The statistcal study was done on 81 cases of the foreign bodies in the food passages (73 cases) and air passages (8 cases), who had visited the Dept. of Otolaryngology of Kyung Hee Medical Center and treated endoscopically, from Nov. 1971 to Mar 1976. The results were as follows, 1) The incidence of esophageal foreign bodies (73 cases) in order of frequency was coin (61 cases; 83.6%), bone (6 cases; 8.2%), food particles (3 cases; 4.1%), discs (2 cases), and other metals (l case). The incidence of foreign bodies in the air passages (8 cases) was food particles (3 cases; 37.5%), pointed metal (2 cases; 25%), plastic pencil cap (l case), plastic ring (1 case), and wood piece (1 case) in order. 2) In sex distribution, 51 cases (62.9%) were males and 30 cases (37.1%) were females, and the ratio between males and females was about 1.7 : 1.3. In the age incidence, 69 cases (82.5%) of all foreign bodies were under 5 years of age, and especially, coin cases were 59 cases (96.7%) and the highest was 8 years of age, lowest was 11 months of age. 7 cases (87.5%) of all airway foreign bodies were under 10 years of age. 4) The ratio between the food passages(73 cases) and the air passages (8 cases) was about 9 : 1. In the location of the foreign bodies of the food passages, 66 cases (90.4%) were in the first esophageal narrowing, 5 cases (6.9%) in the second narrowing, and 2 cases (2.7%) in the third narrowing. In the air passages, the frequent sites were trachea (5 cases; 62.5%), larynx (2 cases), and bronchus (1 case) in order. 5) In duration of lodgement, 63 cases (86. 3%) of esophageal foreign bodies were removed within 24 hours, and one case was removed within 16 days. The number of cases lodged within 24 hours were 4 cases (50%). in the air passages and one case was removed within 18 days. 6) In treatment, 37 cases (50.7%) of esophageal foreign bodies were extracted by modified upper esophagoscopy, 33 cases (42.5%) by esophagoscopy under the local anesthesia, 3 cases (4.1%) by esophagoscopy under the general anesthesia. 8 cases of the coin cases were passed into the stomach during the endoscopic examination. Laryngeal foreign bodies (2 cases; 25%) were extracted by laryngoscopy under the local anesthesia. 2 cases (40%) of tracheal foreign bodies by Bronchoscopy with tracheotomy under the local anesthesia, 3 cases (60%) by Bronchoscopy under the general anesthesia, and bronchial foreign body (1 case) by open thoracotomy under the general anesthesia, at the Dept. of Chest surgery.