• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2009

Three lepidopteran insect pests of the legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the soybean pod worm, Matsumuraeses phaseoli (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) and an Ostrinia spp. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) attacking adzuki bean, Vigna angularis, were confirmed as the major insect pests during the reproductive developmental stage of adzuki bean, and M. vitrata existed dominantly. Almost all plants in the adzuki bean field were injured by at least one of the three species, and $15{\sim}60%$ of reproductive organs were injured. Unbloomed inflorescence occurred continuously through the reproductive stage of adzuki bean. While the flower was many at the early stage and its number soon decreased, the pod was few at the early stage, but its number increased soon and maintained at a constant level. The results suggested that the adzuki bean injured by insect pests compensate the flower loss by developing new inflorescence, but the compensation do not cause the development of new pods. While M. vitrata and M. phaseoli were observed in flowers, pods and stem mainly during the first half of reproductive stage of adzuki bean, Ostrinia spp. was observed only in pods and stem during the second half. In addition, while all instars of larvae of M. vitrata were observed, larvae between the third and fifth instars for M. pahseoli and Ostrinia spp. were observed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.4 s.141
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• pp.299-306
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• 2005

Soybean seed injury was analyzed in the experiments that soybean pods were allowed to be sucked by adults of the bean bug, R. clavatus, and were picked with a specimen pin. While attack by the bean bug at podding stage of soybean caused the increase of empty pods and completely-undeveloped seeds, attack at full seed stage caused the increase of seeds wi distinct injury mark on seed-coat. The ratio of deformed seed was lower than those of injury-marked seed and undeveloped seed when attacked during all stages. In at full bloom stage hardly produced injury-marked seeds and deformed seeds. When the injured seeds were dyed with acid-fuchsine solution, stylet sheaths of R. clavatus formed on seed-coat were observed in 83% of undeveloped seeds formed under attack during podding stage and in 91% of injury-marked seeds formed during full seed stage. In pods injured with a specimen pin at full seed and full maturity stages, no healthy seeds could be obtained from the pods. And the more picked at full seed stage, the more deformed seeds were produced and the higher weight reduction of injury-marked seed occurred. However, pin-injury at full maturity stage didn't give rise to weight reduction of seeds.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.1 s.34
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

The list of lepidopterous pests on soybean represented in this paper is a result which has been carried out for the survey of insect pests of main crops under the Strengthening Plant Protection Research and Training Project, FAO/UNDP. Forty eight lepidopterous pests which collected on soybean during this period are identified and the general biology of major pests is summarized. Most of materials were collected in the stage of larva, which was injurious stage, on the injurious parts of soybean and reared in the laboratory.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Soybean seed injury was analyzed in the experiments in which the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris(Hemiptera: Alydidae), was released into screen-caged pots containing full seed stage(R6) of soybean. When the different stages of insects, from the 3rd instar nymphs to adults, were released into pots during 8 days in soybean R6 stage, soybean seeds with injury marks (B-type seeds) increased. The weight reduction ratio in B-type seeds was highest in the injury by the 5th instar nymphs, while the daily-produced number ratio of B-type seeds was small in the treatment. In the injury by the different number of adult released into pots, 4, 8, 16 adults caused a significant increase of B-type seeds, while 16 adults caused the significant increase of the deformed (C-type) seeds. In the injury by the different release period of adults, the total number of pods was not significantly different among treatments, while the total seed number harvested was significantly small in the release for 48 days. The release for 8 and 16 days caused a significant increase of B-type seeds, while the release for 48 days caused the increase of C-type seeds. The results indicated that injury of soybean R6 stage by the bean bug produced soybean seeds with distinct injury marks at relatively low density and during short term attack period, while it produced deformed seeds at high density and during long attack period.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.684-689
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• 2010

'Sangwon', a new cultivar for vegetable soybean, was developed from the cross between 'Keunolkong' and 'Oshimamidori', and was released at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 2007. The goal to develop a vegetable soybean cultivar with green pod, early maturity, large seed size, high yield, lodging tolerance, and resistance to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV). 'Sangwon' has light green pod, early maturity, large seed, short plant height, and lodging tolerance. 'Sangwon' has determinate growth habit, white flower, gray pubescence, and oval leaf shape. The matured seeds have a yellow seed coat with light brown hilum, and a yellow cotyledon. 'Sangwon' has 5.8 cm fresh pod length, 13.2mm fresh pod width, 69.5 g seed weight per 100 green seeds, 44.0% green seed protein content, and 14.8% green seed oil content. At the regional yield trials (RYT) for vegetable soybean from 2005 to 2007, 'Sangwon' shows strong resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) and tolerance to lodging in fields. Fresh pods of 'Sangwon' were harvested at the beginning of August. In the same tests, fresh pod of 'Sangwon' (10.39ton/ha) yielded 5% higher than 'Hwaeomputkong' (9.90ton/ha).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.191-195
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• 2014

Occurrence of soybean pod gall midge (SPGM), Asphondylia yushimai, and soybean pod damage caused by SPGM, and its control efficacy treated with ethofenprox 20EC were first observed at Miryang from 2006 to 2008 in Korea. The typical damage symptoms in soybean pod caused by SPGM were brownish coloration and malformation. By beating method occurrence of SPGM was observed from beginning bloom of soybean and its collected population increased with season until middle September. Soybean pod damage caused by SPGM was heaviest at seeding date of 10th May, followed by 11th June and 26th May. Control efficacy against SPGM sprayed with one time application of ethofenprox 20EC at different spray time in soybean reproductive stage was highest with 92.9% at R2.5, followed by 87.9% at R2 and 83.6% at R3, and was low from about 19 to 66% at other spray time. Accordingly, the most effective spray time of insecticide for control of SPGM in soybean field was found to be R2.5 which is between R2 and R3.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.44 no.4 s.141
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• pp.277-282
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate morphological characteristics and effects of temperature on the development of Piezodorus hybneri on soybean. The unibanded stink bug, Piezodorus hybneri, is a serious insect pest in soybean fields giving damage to seeds in pod and leaves of soybean lowering both quality and yield. Eggs were spherical and laid in two raws on the leaves and pods of soybean plants. Body lengths of females and males were 9.8 mm and 8.7 mm, respectively. Egg hatch rates were better in higher temperature within the range of examined temperatures, which ranged in $81.2{sim}93.2%$. The development periods of eggs at the temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and $35^{\circ}C$ were 10.7, 5.0, 4.0, and 3.0 days, respectively. Mean developmental periods of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th nymphs at $25^{\circ}C$ were 3.2, 3.4, 3.4, 3.3 and 5.9 days, respectively. Development threshold and effective accumulative temperature were $13.3^{\circ}C$ and 65.5 DD (day degree) for egg stage, $9.9^{\circ}C$ and 322.8 DD for nymph stage, $10.7^{\circ}C$ and 386.4 DD from egg to adult, respectively. Oviposition began from 10 days after emergence at $25^{\circ}C$, and the longevity of female and male were 52.5 and 38.2 days, respectively. Total number of eggs and egg masses laid by a female at $25^{\circ}C$ were 496 and 21.3, respectively, The longevity of adult female was shortened with increasing temperature, whereas the total numbers of eggs laid by a female were decreased.