• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.41-54
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• 1993

This paper presents the two and three -dimensional stability analysis of nonhom- ogeneous, c-o soil slopes. Potential failure surface is assumed as a logspiral curve refracted in boundaries of layers. In 3-D analysis, rotational soil mass is assumed with a cylindroid central part terminated with plane ends. Seismic force is considered by sesmic intensity. The program developed in this study is compared with the program PCSTABLS. The ratio of three-dimensional minimum factor of safety to two-dimensional case is examined and factor of safety changes are showed for the ratio of cylindroid length to slope height and numbers of slice. On such bases the following conclusions may by made : (1) The program developed in this program is less conservative than the program PCSTABLS. (2) The value of F2 of this study shows the larger differences than that of PCSTABLS with increasing friction angle (3) Factors of safety computed for 3-D geometry differ considerablely from ordinary 2-D factors of safety. Since Fb/F2 exceeds unity, three -dimensional effects tend to increase the factor of safety. (4) As the ratio of three - dimensional failure width of slope height, b/H increase, the value of Fb/Ff decreases and approaches 1.0 when bye is 14. (5) In calculating the factor of safety using the developed program the number of slices is suitable with the ranges of 30-40

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2016

This study aimed to investigate the stability and biological activities of BHSST decoction depending on the preservation temperature and periods. Methods: BHSST decoction was preserved at room temperatures (R/T, $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$) or refrigeration ($4^{\circ}C$) for 0, 30, 60 and 90 days. To evaluate the stability of BHSST decoction, pH and sugar content were estimated. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine marker compounds of BHSST decoction. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect, nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions were measured in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Antioxidant activity was examined using the assays for 3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Results: There was no change in pH and sugar content depending on the preservation temperature and periods of BHSST decoction. Among the major components of BHSST, contents of liquiritin, baicalein and wogonin was reduced time-dependently both at R/T and $4^{\circ}C$. Inhibitory effects of BHSST decoction on NO and PGE2 productions were slightly decreased in a time-dependent manner by 90 days of preservation. In addition, BHSST decoction maintained ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities by 60 days while significantly reducing the activities in 90 days of preservation at R/T. By contrast, BHSST decoction had no significant change of ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities by 90 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the stability and efficacy of BHSST decoction are maintained for 60 days at $4^{\circ}C$ rather than R/T.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.247-251
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• 1988

Total body irradiation has been applied to treat acute leukemia and chronic granulocytic leukemia.20 patients with acute leukemia or chronic granulocytic leukemia were treated with total body irradiation using 6 MV linear accelerator before bone marrow transplantation at the Division of Therapeutic Radiology, Department of Radiology, St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University Medical College from August 1987 to September 1988. Among 20 patients, 8 patients received 6 fractions of 200 cGy (total 1200 cGy),10 patients received a single 850 cGy radiation,1 patient received 4 fractions totalling 850 cGy (200, 200, 200, 250), and 1 patient received 1100 cGy in 2 fractions (850, 250).17 patients received allogenic grafts, 2 patients received autologous grafts, and only one patient received one locus mismatched graft. 13 patients are still alive and 7 patients died. The complications induced by total body irradiation were nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, skin erruption, mucositis, and pneumonitis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.260-260
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• 2013

Multiferroic materials have attracted much attention due to their fascinating fundamental physical properties and technological applications in magnetic/ferroelectric data-storage systems, quantum electromagnets, spintronics, and sensor devices. Among single-phase multiferroic materials, $BiFeO_3 $ is a typical multiferroic material with a room temperature magnetoelectric coupling in view of high magnetic-and ferroelectric-ordering temperatures (Neel temperature $T_N$~647 K and Curie temperature $T_C$~1,103 K). Rare-earth ion substitution at the Bi sties is very interesting, which induces suppressed volatility of Bi ion and improved ferroelectric properties. At the same time, Fe-site substitution with magnetic ions is also attracting, and the enhanced ferromagnetism was reported. In this study, $Bi_{1-x}Dy_xFe_{0.95}Co_{0.05}O_3$ (x=0, 0.05 and 0.1) bulk ceramic compounds were prepared by solid-state reaction and rapid sintering. High-purity $Bi_2O_3$, $Dy_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and $Co_3O_4$ powders with the stoichiometric proportions were mixed, and calcined at $500^{\circ}C$ or 24 h to produce $Bi_{1-x}Dy_xFe_{0.95}Co_{0.05}O_3$. The samples were immediately put into an oven, which was heated up to $800^{\circ}C$ nd sintered in air for 30 min. The crystalline structure of samples was investigated at room temperature by using a Rigaku Miniflex powder diffractometer. The field-dependent magnetization measurements were performed with a vibrating-sample magnetometer. The electric polarization was measured at room temperature by using a standard ferroelectric tester (RT66B, Radiant Technologies).

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.34-51
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• 2006

In knowledge based society of 21c, engineers require not only their own speciality but also engineering basic competency such as creative thinking, the ability of working together, the ability of communication. Engineering colleges responsible for educating engineers consider developing curriculum including Engineering Basic Competency which is reflecting the needs of the times. By utilizing the accreditation programs of engineering education, UK-SPEC of UK Engineering Council, EA(Engineering Australia) standards/handbook of the Institute of Engineers Australia, O*NET of U.S. Occupational Network, this study generates core elements of engineering basic competency to prove the capability of engineering basic competency required to desired engineers. Core constituents derived from the study were categorized into 3 major areas of the basic engineering literacy in Humanities and Social Sciences(HSS), the ability of Creativity Engineering Design, Career development and each category and constituents were surveyed and checked by engineers in the field to deduce engineering basic competency that should be educated in the engineering college.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to prove the effectiveness of the open medial (glenoid-based) anterior-inferior capsular shift in patients with multidirectional shoulder instability. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 19 patients treated by medial anterior-inferior capsular shift for multidirectional shoulder instability from March, 1998 to December, 2003. 15 patients of them have experienced recurrent dislocation. 8 patients(42%) showed bilateral laxity and 11 patients(58%) generalized ligamentous laxity, and 2 patients(10.5%) voluntary subluxation. An average follow-up was 24 months (range : $9{\sim}32$ months). Results: Pain improved in 18 patients of all. There was an average loss of 10 degree of external rotation, but no limitation of activity of daily living. There was no redislocation and subluxation, but two patients had some apprehension in sports activity. With Rowe score, the result was excellent or good in all patients. There were hematoma and local skin problem in 1 patient, but all had healed up. Conclusion: Medial anterior-inferior capsular shift in multidirectional shoulder instability provided satisfactory results in pain relief, patient's satisfactions and stability of glenohumeral joint. Though some of them have anterior gleniod deformities and large Hill-Sachs lesions, we could get good stabilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2018

In this study, an artificially formed Gap graded soil, designed to increase its shear strength, was analyzed to determine the strength parameters through direct shear tests. Uniform and fine grain size samples were compared to the Gap graded soil to investigate the increase in the shear strength. Plate loading tests were conducted using 13mm and 19mm aggregates to confirm the reproducibility of the strength enhanced samples for site application. This test confirmed that the particle size ratio and the internal friction angle are correlated to the shear strength, and the shear resistance angle significantly increased in the specific particle size ratio range. The calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity by the plate load test demonstrated that the grain size adjustment method greatly influences the strength increase rate. Therefore, the findings were verified and it was confirmed that a high shear strength is achievable despite the existence of a poor particle size distribution.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.709-719
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• 2010

As the world has had a high recognition of security since 9/11 attacks in 2001, many countries and international organizations around the world are making strenuous efforts in establishing stronger security, centering on areas with high possibility of terrorist attacks. In particular, harbor facilities where a great deal of trade take place between countries, have high possibilities of becoming the objects of terrorist attacks and also of becoming places of trading objects and illegal items which might be leveraged for terror attacks. In this study, I have explained the current status of the harbor entrance system through existing documents, interviews and field trips to harbors and have also introduced improvement measures using RFID technology from the viewpoint of BP(Business Process). I expect that this study will be used as basic materials because I have studied the number of people entering harbors and working procedures for vehicle entrance, which have not been studied so far and also laid out various factors to be considered to introduce RFID technology.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 2002

Objective: To observe the capability of fertilization and embryo development including blastocyst formation of the oocytes in simple media after thawing of the cryopreserved cumulus-free mouse oocytes by vitrification method. Methods: Oocytes were collected from 5 to 6 weeks old ICR female mice, and were denuded from the cumulus cells by 0.1% hyaluronidase. Recovered mature oocytes in study group were cryopreserved by vitrification method using EM grid for $5{\sim}7$ days. In brief, oocytes were exposed in dPBS containing 1.5 M EG and 5.5 M EG+1 M sucrose for 2.5 minutes and 20 seconds each, and then executed vitrification by plunging in LN2 after loading on EM grid. Thawing treated by exposure of 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0.125 M sucrose solution for 2.5 minutes each in order and used for experiments. Spermatozoa aspirated form the epididymis of 12 weeks old ICR male mice were used for insemination after capacitation. T6 media containing 0.4% BSA were used for fertilization and development. Results: Survival and fertilization rates after thawing were 76.9% and 79.6% respectively. Fertilization rate was lower (p<0.005) than that of control group (92.9%). There was no difference in embryo developmental rates from 2-cell to morula, however, the blastocyst formation rate and mean cell numbers of blastocysts in study group (63.3%, $58.9{\pm}9.2$) were lower compared with those of control group (76.1%, $63.5{\pm}8.9$). Conclusion: Vitrification is an effective method for mouse mature oocyte cryopreservation with high survival and fertilization rate after thawing. And in simple media, fertilization rates and embryo development of frozen-thawed mouse oocytes are satisfactory.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-66
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• 2010

The "Guidance Document for Bioequivalence Study" was revised for adding to bioequivalence studies of controlled-release products after meal(Korea Food & Drug Administration Notification #2008-22, 2008.5.7). The bioequivalence study design for controlled-release products is $2{\times}2$ crossover under fast and fed condition in respect. For studies of controlled-release products under fed study, the same high-fat diet should be taken within 20 minutes in at least a 10-hour fasting state. The drug products should be administered 30 minutes after the meal started. A high-fat(more than 35 percent of total caloric content of the meal) and high-calorie(over 900 calories) meal is recommended as a test meal for fed BE studies.