• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.324-329
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• 2014

Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata (N. oculta) and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) are important sources for biodisel because of the high content of neutral lipids. Stable nano bubble is maintained for a long time and therefore it is possible for use in biotechnology. In this study, effects of nano bubble oxygen or hydrogen water on the microalgae growth were characterized. The cell growth in nano bubble water was similar to that of control, and the total lipid content was rather low. But, chlorophyll content of N. oculata grown in nanno bubble oxygen and hydrogen water increased 54% and 30%, and increased 59%, 39% in C. vulgaris. Carotenoid content also increased 21%, 25% in N. oculata and 49%, 29% in C. vulgaris grown in nano bubble oxygen and hydrogen water. From these results, nano bubble water seems to enhance the photosynthetic capacity of microalgae.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.77-82
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• 1992

When a crystal is grown by FZ process, the melt zone is located at between the solid of upper and lower side and is kept by the solid-liquid interface tension. On the surface of the melt zone, a surface tension gradient is occured by the difference of temperature and solute concentration, it is the driving force of marangoni flow. The crystal even in the steady state growth can become imperfect for the dislocation distribution and the solute concentration in the peripheral region of the crystal are higher than those in the inner part and the probability of the formation of the defects such as voids, bubble penetration, secondary phase creation and crack is high near the solid-liquid interface. This is because the solid -liquid interface becomes irregular because of the local variation of temperature in that region due to marangoni convection.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2003

In order to select suitable bioreactor type inhibiting cell stress during submerged culture of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium, the growth characteristics and ergosterol contents were investigated using the external-loop type of air-lift bioreactor (ETAB), balloon type of air bubble bioreactor (BTBB) and column type of air bubble bioreactor (CTBB). Dry weights of the T. matsutake in the BTBB, ETAB and CTBB were 12 g, 11.4 g, and 9.5 g per 1 litter, respectively. BTBB, ETAB and CTBB reached stagnant phases 16, 20, and 24 days after cultivation, respectively, The BTBB was more suitable for liquid culture of T. matsutake mycelium compared to other bioreactors owing to much mycelia product and short culture period. The ergosterol contents produced by the mycelium in the bioreactors were in sequence of BTBB, CTBB, and ETAB at every growth phase. BTBB might affect the mycelium on producing the smallest size of pellets. BTBB and CTBB got the mycelium precipitated and coagulated under operation of bioreactor sparser, whereas ETAB shown no effect of above phenomenon. A renovated bioreactor combined between a balloon shape of BTBB and an external-loop of ETAB was developed to enhance the efficiency of culture technique.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.228-236
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• 2009

In this study, we investigated morphological characteristics of $SF_6$ clathrate hydrate crystals to understand its formation and growth mechanism. $SF_6$ clathrate hydrate crystals were formed in high-pressure reaction cell charged with pure water and $SF_6$ gas at constant pressure and temperature. Two-phase ($SF_6$ gas/aqueous solution) and three-phase ($SF_6$ gas/aqueous solution/$SF_6$ liquid) conditions were investigated, In both conditions, dendritic shape hydrate crystals were grown as like fibriform crystals along upward growth direction at the gas/aqueous solution interface. In the case of the reaction process of three-phase condition, when the $SF_6$ gas bubbles which were generated in $SF_6$ liquid phase due to the reduction of reaction cell pressure stuck to the gas/aqueous interfaces, the hydrate phase were appeared at the surface of the bubbles. This paper presents the detail growth characteristics of $SF_6$ hydrate crystals including crystal nucleation, migration, growth and interference.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.265-268
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• 1999

경량 건축소재는 협소공간의 고도 이용과 건설 분야의 양적, 질적인 측면에서 급속한 성장으로 건축자재의 경량화, 고급화 및 다양화를 요구하고 있으며 이에 PE, PP, PS, PVC 등의 플리스틱 foam 및 저밀도 콘크리트 등의 경량 건축 소재에 대한 연구가 지속되고 있다. 경량 건축소재로 사용되는 플라스틱류는 대부분 난연화 및 강도유지를 위해 난연제, 섬유 및 무기충진제 등를 첨가하거나 고밀도화하여 사용하며 경량화를 위해 foaming agent를 사용하여 기포를 발생시켜 경량화하여 성형된다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.133-133
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• 2017

최근 딸기 생산이 확대 되면서, 고품질 다수확이 가능한 딸기 우량묘에 대한 수요가 빠르게 늘고 있으며, 딸기 육묘에 관한 관심이 더욱 늘고 있다. 그러나, 육묘시 작물에 따른 포트 혹은 트레이 선정에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 또한, 마이크로버블의 세정 능력은 이미 산업현장에서 널리 알려져 있으나 이를 이용한 시스템 개발은 농업분야에서는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서, 딸기 육묘에 적합한 마이크로버블 시스템을 설계하여 실증 개발함으로써 딸기 육묘 농가의 자립능력을 제고하고, 딸기 육묘 생산시스템의 확대 하여 농가소득 증대에 기여하고자 한다. 실험방법은 생육에 적합한 육묘용 트레이를 선정하고, 마이크로 버블 시스템을 적용한 육묘와 기존 방법에 의한 육묘의 비교 실험하였다. 포트의 용량에 따른 뿌린 근부의 성장변화를 관찰하고, SEM 촬영을 통하여 딸기 뿌리근부의 조직의 치밀성을 확인하였다. 기존 저면관수의 경우 딸기탄저병 확산을 억제하지만, 반입에 의한 감염주의 발병을 억제하는 것은 아니다. 따라서 포트 및 트레이를 청결하게 관리할 필요가 있으며 이를 해결하기 위해 미세기포(micro-bubble)를 사용한 클리닝이 상당한 효과가 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 또한 조직의 치밀도을 측정하기 위해 딸기 육묘 조직을 SEM 촬영하여 분석하였으며, 미세기포를 이용한 딸기 육묘 방법이 기존의 딸기 육묘 방법에 비하여 조직이 치밀한 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한 배지량 및 육묘 트레이가 딸기 육묘의 성장에 영향을 미치며 제1액아가 １개밖에 발생하지 않는 포기가 많아지고 '눈 없는 포기'의 발생 현상들이 발생하고 있어 적정 육묘 트레이의 선택 및 배지량 조절하는 비교 실험을 통하여 해결하였다. 본 연구의 결과 개선된 육묘트레이를 사용함으로써 제1액아의 형성이 촉진되어 정과방 후의 제1액과 방의 수확량이 증대한다는 것에 의해서 １월 혹은 ２월부터의 수량이 증대되어 소득향상이 기대되며, 마이크로버블을 저면관수에 적용함으로써 트레이의 청결을 유지하여 병해를 예방하고 딸기모종의 조직을 치밀하게 함으로써 딸기의 우량육묘를 얻는데 기여 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Composites Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2005

Pultrusion process of phenolic foam composite is investigated. Phenolic foam composites provide heat and flame resistance with less weight. When made into foam, a variety of properties can be obtained with different bubble size and number density. In this study, effect of process variables on the foaming characteristics of phenolic resin composites during pultrusion process has been studied experimentally. The process variables considered are the heating temperature and the pulling speed as well as the mass fraction of blowing agent. Experiments were performed using a laboratory scale pultrusion apparatus. Optimal process condition was found by observing the micro-morphology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.130-131
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• 2013

캐비테이션 현상은 고 유속 환경에서 발생(inception), 성장(growth), 붕괴(collapse) 및 소멸(disappearance) 과정이 반복적으로 일어나며 그 과정에서 기포붕괴에 따른 큰 충격압력을 방지하려는 분야와 이를 능동적으로 산업분야에 적용하려는 분야로 크게 대별된다. 본 연구에서는 캐비테이션의 붕괴거동을 수중 초음파 진동자에서 미세기포를 발생시켜 PIV기법을 이용하여 유동장을 계측하였다. 초음파 진동자는 직경 16 mm이며, 진동주파수는 20 kHz, 진폭은 $5{\mu}m$, $10{\mu}m$, $30{\mu}m$ 및 $50{\mu}m$를 각각 적용하였다. 유동구조, 난류강도, 레이놀즈 응력에 대한 통계적 유동정보를 계측한 결과 충격압력의 원인으로 알려진 캐비티 붕괴로 인해 유동특성을 확인하였다.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-157
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• 1995

Single crystals of TeO2 with large diameter were grown by Czochralski technique with auto-diameter control system. The ratio of crystal to crucible was 60-70%. The effect of critical pulling and rotation rate on the crystal quality was studied. Optimum growth parameters for high quality crystal pulling rate was less than 1.2 mm/hr. The solid-liquid interface was convex at the rotation rate of 10-23 rpm and concave at the rotation rate of more than 25 rpm, depending on the size of crystal and crucible. The platinum concentration in the melts is one of the main factors of the constitutional supercooling and thus the bubble entrapment in the growing crystal. Growth axis was confirmed to {110} direction during the whole growth procedure. Infrared spectrometric study and dislocation density measurment by chemical etching method on the grown crystal were performed. Finally, the reasons of cooperation of striations, inclusions, and optical inhomogeneities were discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.591-598
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• 2015

Pool boiling heat transfer coefficients of a LiBr solution were obtained for seven low fin tubes having different fin pitch and fin height. The test range covered saturation pressure from 7.38kPa to 101.3kPa, heat flux from $20kW/m^2$ to $40 kW/m^2$ and LiBr concentration from 0% to 50%. The optimum fin geometry for the present experimental range turned out to be 26 fpi with 0.18 mm fin height.The advantage of added heat transfer area and the disadvantage of slower bubble growth and departure appear to have yielded an optimum fin pitch. The heat transfer coefficient decreased as saturation pressure decreased and Libr concentration increased. The reason may be attributed to the low saturation pressure, which increased the bubble departure diameter and decreased the bubble departure frequency. As the LiBr concenreation increased, the saturation temperature increased and the mass diffusion rate decreased, which resulted in a reduced heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer coefficients of the low fin tube were greater than those of the smooth tube. Correlations were developed based on the present data.