• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Subjects were 78 12- to 35- month old infants, their mothers, and their teachers. Instruments included the Revised Toddler Temperament Questionnaire(Y. H. Choi 1990) and the Assessment Profile for Early Childhood Programs(M. K. Hong 1997; S. K. Kim 1999). There was no significant difference in perceptions of infant temperament between mothers and teachers. Infant-mother interaction differed by infant temperament in that mothers had high scores with easy infants but low scores with difficult children. On the other hand teachers maintained high interactions with difficult infants in the case of infant's rhythmicity. Infant-teacher interaction correlated with such teacher variables as teacher-infant ratio, teachers' academic backgrounds and working hours.

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2001

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.44-45
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• 2004

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.49-70
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• 2004

The sample of this study on sibling relationships consisted of 40 pairs of preschool siblings and their mothers. Results were that elder siblings initiated more behavior, initiated more negative behavior, and responded with more negative or no response to affirmative behavior initiated by the younger siblings. Younger siblings exhibited more responsive behavior, initiated more affirmative behavior, showed more affirmative responses to or imitation of affirmative behavior, and imitation of negative behavior than elder siblings. Male pairs exhibited more physical affirmative interaction than female or male-female pairs. Female pairs exhibited more lingual affirmative interaction than male or male-female pairs. Siblings with similar temperaments showed more boastful or no response to negative behaviors than siblings with differing temperaments. Siblings with differing temperaments exhibited more affirmative behaviors than siblings with similar temperaments.

• 순환기질환의공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.24-25
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• 2004

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.366-373
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• 1984

Methanolysis rates of benzylbenzenesulfonates, substituted both on the substrate (Y) and on the leaving group (Z), were determined in MeOH-MeCN mixtures. The results showed that the reaction proceeds via the dissociative $S_N2$ mechanism, in which bond breaking proceeds in greater degree compared to bond formation at the transition state(TS). Multiple Hammett correlation analysis showed that the cross term, ${\rho}_{YZ}$, is very small and hence the cross interaction of two substituents, Y and Z, at the TS is not important, supporting the dissociative $S_N2 $ type mechanism. While transition state variations predicted by the quantum mechanical model is shown to agree in general with the experimental results, those predicted by the potential energy surface model failed to account for the leaving group effect properly.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.287-303
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to describe infant and mother behaviors across situations. And, it was to examine the associations between infant's temperament and infant's patterns of attachment to their mother with mother-infant interaction. Results showed that there were significant main effects for the attentional focus of the situation and the level of regulatory challenge on observed mother-infant interaction behaviors. Also, mother and infant showed significant differences in their interaction behaviors depending on the patterns of infant temperzment and the patterns of infant-mother attachment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2012

This study investigated the relationship between infants' temperament and mothers' parenting stress. This investigation is done by focusing on the interaction effects between the infants' temperament and maternal factors. A total of 1,120 infants and their mothers from a national sample were selected as subjects for carrying this investigation. The EAS (Emotionality, Activity and Sociality) Temperament Survey for Children: Parental Ratings was used to measure the infants' emotionality temperament, and PSI-SF(Parenting Stress Index-Short Form), KMSS(Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and a survey on socio-demographic variables were used for the maternal factors. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the parenting stress was significantly different according to the infants'emotionality temperament. Most importantly, there were significant interaction effects between the infants' emotionality temperament and maternal factors(education level, employment status and marital satisfaction). The results were discussed in terms of the goodness of fit of the temperament and parenting models.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sensory stimulation conducted by primiparas on mother-infant interaction, maternal self-esteem and infant temperament. Method: A non-equivalent control group post-test study design was used. The data were collected from December 1, 2001 to March 30, 2003. The participants were 39 primiparas with normal birth weight infants. They were divided into two groups, 20 mothers in the intervention group and 19 in the control group. The mothers in the intervention group were given instruction on sensory stimulation by the researcher, and the mothers, in turn, used this technique on their infants twice a day during the first 2 months of life. Both groups were measured for maternal self-esteem and infant temperament using the maternal self-report inventory (MSRI) and What My Baby Is Like (WBL) and a film was made of the feeding situation when each infant was between 8 and 10 weeks of age. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly higher scores in mother-infant interaction, maternal self-concept and infant temperament. Conclusion: This suggests that sensory stimulation conducted by primiparas may improve the mother-infant interaction, maternal self-esteem and infant temperament.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

Objectives：One of the most common developmental problems is communication disorder in which a child appears normal in every way but who has failed to begin speaking or speaks very little. A few studies have examined the temperamental characteristics of children with communication disorders. This study was to investigate the temperamental characteristics of Korean children with communication disorders. Methods：The parents of 20 Korean children with communication disorders and the parents of 50 normal control children, the age of both groups ranges from 3 to 7, completed Korean version of Parental Temperamental Questionnaire developed by Thomas and Chess. Children with a pervasive developmental disorder, mental retardation, or speech-motor or sensory deficit were excluded. The scores of each temperamental scale of two groups and the diagnostic clusters of two groups were compared. Results：The children with communication disorders were characterized by lower mood scores and higher intensity of reaction scores than normal controls. The two groups showed no significant correlation in terms of the temperamental diagnostic clusters. Conclusion：This findings suggest the existence of a distinct temperamental profile of the children with communication disorders. Early detection of the profile may be of great value for parents in understanding the developmental characteristics of the children with communication disorders and in providing appropriate parenting approaches.