• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.379-384
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• 2021

A microneedle is a tool that used for drug delivery and diagnosis. Unlike general injections, the microneedle is short in length, enabling effective drug delivery while minimizing pain and risk of infection. Conventionally, microneedles have been manufactured precisely at a nanometer level based on microelectro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, requiring expensive equipments & maintenance and complicated processes. To address the issues, 3D printing research has been conducted to fabricate microneedles simply, economically, and rapidly. Since 3D printing facilitates to manufacture prototypes and apply feedbacks, it is advantageous for the development and commercialization of microneedle for pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Therefore, this review will introduce stereolithography (SLA), two-photon polymerization (2PP), dynamic light processing (DLP), continuous liquid interface production (CLIP), and fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technologies and also highlight research trends for microneedle production using them. Furthermore, the limitation of the current microneedle technology and the direction to be solved in the future will be discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.10-15
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• 2007

This paper proposes the method that detects abnormal trajectory of fish with tracking data. And it is obtained by automatic tracking system based on conventional computer vision. Also, we analyze the trajectory using subband frequency features through DWT(Discrete Wavelet Transform). Through experimental results, we confirm that our results have some statistical means. The proposed method demonstrates that DWT is useful method for detecting presence of toxicoid features in environment as for an alternative of bio-monitoring tool.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1197-1205
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• 2014

Typical clinical dose development studies consist of the comparison of several doses of a drug with a placebo. The primary interest is to find therapeutic window that satisfying both efficacy and safety. In this paper, we propose nonparametric method for identifying effective and safe doses in linear placement using score function. The Monte Carlo simulation is adapted to estimate the power and the family-wise error rate(FWE) of proposed procedure are compared with previous methods.

• Prospectives of Industrial Chemistry
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.2-12
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• 2019

최근 암 면역치료는 임상연구에서 긍정적인 결과를 보이고 있으며 암 질환의 표준치료법으로 자리 잡아가고 있다. 암 면역치료는 암의 재발과 전이를 획기적으로 개선시킬 수 있다는 이점이 있다. 하지만 전체 암 환자의 15~20%에서만 치료 효과를 보이고 심각한 부작용을 유발할 수 있다는 임상적 한계가 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 개선하기 위해서 기존에 약물전달 또는 조직공학 분야에서 활용되었던 생체재료를 도입하여 면역치료의 효과를 개선하고 부작용은 줄이려는 시도가 활발하다. 본 기고문에서는 효율적인 암 면역치료를 위한 생체재료(나노입자, 리포좀, 미립구, 및 하이드로젤)에 관한 최신 연구동향을 다루고자 한다. 고기능성 생체재료 개발과 종양 면역학 분야의 깊은 이해는 효과적인 암 면역치료제를 개발하는데 있어서 매우 중요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.01a
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• pp.361-364
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 스마트 기기를 사용할 시 자세가 거북목 자세인지 아닌지 판별하는 시스템을 제안한다. 거북목 증후군이란 목이 구부정하게 앞으로 나오는 자세를 오래 취해 목이 일자목으로 바뀌고 뒷목, 어깨, 허리 등에 통증이 생기는 증상을 말하며, 수술이나 약물치료보다 평소의 자세 습관을 고치는 방법이 효과적이다. 기존의 연구들은 노트북에 내장되어있는 웹캠을 이용한 CNN기반의 학습모델은 영상의 명도와 학습 데이터 등에 많은 영향을 받고 학습 데이터를 모을 때 초상권 문제로 수집이 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 예방하고자 Openpose 오픈 소스를 이용한 뼈대를 기반으로 측면에서의 앉은 자세를 한습 모델로 실시간 검증하여, 거북목 자세인지 아닌지를 효율적이고 정확하게 판별한다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.240-244
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• 1996

The effects of chronic treatment with haloperidol on the binding capacities of dopamine(DA) $D_2$-like receptor were investigated in rat striatum and olfactory tubercle. The authors tried to confirm the dose-response effects with usual dose and low dose haloperidol. Rats were treated with haloperidol(0.05, 0.15, 0.5, 1.5mg/kg/day in drinking water) for four weeks. Saturation analysis of the binding of [$^3H$]spiperone to striatal membranes showed that the haloperidol treatment(0.05, 0.5, 1.5mg/kg) induced significant proliferation. The changes of dissociation constant(Kd) were not significant in striatum. The maximal binding density(Bmax) and Kd increased remarkably following the treatment with usual dose haloperidol (1.5mg/kg) in olfactory tubercle. Although there was increasing trend other the treatment with low dose haloperidol, the change of Bmax was not significant statistically. The present findings indicate that low dose haloperidol induces the proliferation of DA $D_2$-like receptor in striatum and interact with the dopaminergic transmission which might underlie the antipsychotic effect. This finding may support the recent clinical suggestion on the low dose strategy in the treatment of schizophrenia.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.362-368
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• 2008

Purpose: It is well known that lung to heart ratio (LHR) is one of the high risk findings in TI- 201 myocardial perfusion SPECT. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of LHR to identify severe coronary artery disease in adenosine stress Tc-99m tetrofosmin gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (gSPECT). Materials and Methods: The study population was 157 patients who underwent both adenosine stress Tc-99m gSPECT and coronary angiography (CAG) within one month. According to the results of CAG and gSPECT LHR and the incidence of increased LHR were compared. Results: Among 53 patients with normal coronary arteries increased LHR was found in 2 patients (3.8%) and 0 in 44 patients (0%) with one vessel disease, 2 in 27 with two vessel disease (7.4%) and 8 in 33 with triple vessel disease (24.2%). Significant differences were found in LHR between subgroups of summed stress score, summed rest score and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). There were weak negative correlation between LHR and LVEF and weak positive correlation between LHR and SSS and SRS. Conclusion: Increased LHR had higher incidence in patients with triple vessel disease, severe LV dysfunction and/or extensive perfusion defect than those of normal group. Although its sensitivity might be low to identify severe coronary artery disease, LHR could be helpful in abnormal myocardial perfusion SPECT to stratify risk and prognosis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2005

Leflunomide is a new disease modifying anti rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of active rheumatoid arthritis. Its mechanism of action differs from other DMARDs in that it inhibits the de novo pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and therefore prevents the proliferation of activated lymphocytes. As it has been prescribed worldwide, there is a great deal of much concerns regarding its potential adverse effects. Because leflunomide has an active metabolite with a long elimination half-life of approximately 2 weeks, serious adverse reactions may occur even after the leflunomide treatment has been stopped. The profile of serious reactions includes liver dysfunction, hematological disorders, severe skin reactions and respiratory dysfunction. Respiratory dysfunctions with leflunomide therapy are very rare and its incidence is lower than that of methotrexate therapy. However, there are reports in Japan showing that 5 patients died of interstitial pneumonitis and another 11 patients developed serious lung complications associated with leflunomide. This suggests the possibility of fatal respiratory toxicity of leflunomide. There are no reports of interstitial pneumonitis associated with leflunomide in Korea. We report a case of a 62-year old woman who developed interstitial pneumonitis, which might have been induced by leflunomide during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.2451-2458
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• 2010

We prepared sustained release matrix system which contains carvedilol with Compritol 888 ATO used as lipophilic sustained release excipient and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or polyethylene oxide (PEO) used as hydrophilic sustained release polymer. Wet granulation compressed method was used for preparing carvedilol sustained release matrix tablets. When carvedilol sustained release matrix tablets were prepared, we evaluated the drug release kinetics which is affected by Compritol 888 ATO ratio, a kind of hydrophilic polymer (HPMC, PEO) and hot melt coating coagglutination (HMCC) process was done. The drug release kinetics was measured for 24 hours in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid and pH 6.8 simulated intestinal fluid, using a dissolution tester at $37.5^{\circ}C$ in 50 rpm. Dissolution rate of controlled release matrix tablets of carvedilol was evaluated by paddle method. We confirmed that HMCC process was very effective to controlled release of drugs. The rate of Compritol 888 ATO, as a lipidic material, can control the drug release pattern about the elution rate of 95% and 24 hours delay than that of the normal tablet.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.49-63
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• 2004

Purpose: The Hospice Oriented Medical Record (HOMR) was developed for assessing the pain and symptoms of terminal cancer patients. Methods and Results: The HOMR consists of an instruction for users and 2 assessment pages which include the graph showing vital signs (temperature, blood pressure, pulse, respiration rate and pain score), current problem lists, performance status, laboratory data, pain characteristics and management, sedation score, associated symptoms and drug side effects, etc. Pilot study was performed in the inpatient Hospice Care Unit in Guro Hospital, Korea University Medical Center. Because an one-week progress data was recorded in HOMR as a flow sheet, the patient's condition and pain control status could be seen at a glance. Conclusion: The HOMR is useful for assessing the terminal cancer patients because it is simple and convenient to use. Further research is needed before it can be universally used in the clinical settings.