• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 1986

The geology of the Jeju island is characterized by the occurrence of thick voluminous basaltic lava flows and minor trachytic lavas. The land form can be divided topographically into the lava plateau, the shield-shaped Halla volcanic edifice and the parasitic cones whose number is more than 360, which is closely related to the cyclic volcanism of the island. Especially, the trachytic lavas seem to be the latest differentiation products of the cyclic activities and largely classified into two groups (Backlokdam group and Sanbangsan group) on the basis of the occurrence and the petrography. The paleomagnetism and the radiometric age on the two groups of trachyte suggest a lower and an upper time limits of the volcanic stratigraphy of the island. An average age of the trachyte of the Sanbangsan group is $0.733{\pm}0.056m.y.$, and is correlated to a horizon a little lower than the boundary (0.69m.y.) between the Brunches normal epoch and Matuyama reversed epoch. An average age of $0.025{\pm}0.008m.y.$ determined from the Backlokdam trachyte may be corrected to anyone horizon of the Laschamp, or the Lake Biwa, or the Lake Mono excursion. The two groups of trachytes are distributed with the latitude difference of 9'($0.15^{\circ}$), and with age difference of about 0.71 m.y. Assuming that the two trachyte groups were erupted from the same stationary hot spot, the lithosphere comprising the Jeju island is considered to have moved southward with a rate of about 2.3 cm/year.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.195-208
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• 2006

Using light and scanning electron microscopy morphological studies of pollens were conducted to determine the sectional boundary and the relationships among eight species of section Zygophyllidium and its five related species of subg. Poinsettia. Pollen characters of 13 species were described, and their diagnostic keys were presented here. Based on the sculpturing patterns and the results of numerical analysis using 10 pollen characters 13 species were divided into four Pollen types: type I, having micro-reticulate shaped pollen (E. hexagona, E. lagunensis, E. hexagonoides and E. bilobata), type II, having reticulate shaped pollen (E. delicatula, E. extipulata, E. dentata, E. heterophylla, E. pulcherrima and E. cyathophora), type III, micro-reticulate shaped pollen with platten muri (E. lacera), and type IV, haying foveolate shaped pollen grains (E. chersonesa and E. eriantha). The results of pollen morphological studies suggest that the sect. Zygophyllidium should be delimited based on only four species, E. hexagona, E. lagunensis, E. hexagonoides and E. bilobata, E. delicatural and E. exstipulata of sect. Zygophyllidium must be transferred to subg. Poinsettia based on pollen morphology. E. eriantha and E. chersonesa having forveolate sculpturing pattern of pollen grains seem to be closely related with species from subg. Agaloma, and additional studies of these species are needed to determine the species relationships within Agaloma group.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.163-180
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• 1983

Fish larvae were collected from Changson channel, Namhae over the period from June 1982 to May 1983. A total of 44 species (33 families and 41 genera) were identified and described with morphological feature. The larvae of Cyclopsis tentacularis is newly reported in the Korean waters. Abundance of the species in numbers was as follows : Engraulis japonica $86.56\%$, Acanthogobius flavimanus $5.91\%$, Enedrias sp. $1.71\%$, Sebastes inermis $1.18\%$, Leucopsarion petersi $0.78\%$, Hexagrammos otakii $0.68\%$. According to variation of seasonal abundance the larvae were grouped into three seasonal groups as follows : Spring type: Engraulis japonica, Astroconger sp., Enedrias sp., Leucopsarion petersi, Sebastes inermis, Hexagrammos otakii Summer type : Engraulis japonica, Leiognathus nuchalis, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Omobranchus elegans, Syngnathus schlegeri. Winter type: Enedrias sp.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2011

Objectives : This study aims to reveal the characteristics of formulas in "Xi$\v{a}$o' Er Y$\`{a}$o Zh$\`{e}$ng Zh$\'{\i}$ Ju$\'{\e}$. Methods : For that objectives, We analyzes formulas in "Xi$\v{a}$o' Er Y$\`{a}$o Zh$\`{e}$ng Zh$\'{\i}$ Ju$\'{\e}$. In the text, 132 formulas were described. To comprehend the formulas, we classified them as several bases. Results : After those analyses, we bring to a conclusion as follows. 1. 30 formulas are described that treated convulsive diseases (j$\={i}$ngf$\={e}$ng, 惊風). Next, g$\={a}$n(疳), parasite infection, diarrhea/dysentery, dermatosis and etc were in the order. 2. Classified by the formulation, Yu$\'{\a}$nj$\`{i}$(圓劑) was the best(70 kinds of formulas, 53%). S$\v{a}$nj$\`{i}$(散劑) was a form of 41 formulas(31%). T$\={a}$ngj$\`{i}$(湯劑) and g$\={a}$oj$\`{i}$(膏劑) were a form of 5 formulas each. 10 formulas were assumed the form of w$\`{a}$iy$\`{o}$ngj$\`{i}$(外用劑). 3. We researched in-depth analysis of Yu$\'{\a}$nj$\`{i}$. As a results, dosage, additive(輔料) and the time to take of Yu$\'{\a}$nj$\`{i}$ were decomposed. Also, the formulas that treated convulsive diseases were analyzed by the herbs classification. Conclusions : Though the formulas that treated convulsive diseases were hard to application at local clinic, overall nosology of pediatrics was reflected comparatively. "Xi$\v{a}$o' Er Y$\`{a}$o Zh$\`{e}$ng Zh$\'{\i}$ Ju$\'{\e}$ was expected to play a role for reconsideration of formulas' formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2013

The information of cut slope in Mt. Jang area, Busan is investigated in order to construct the Slope Management System in Urban Area. The slope inspection sheet is made to record the characteristics for cut slopes, and that is capable to be inputted slope information systematically. The cut slopes in Mt. Jang area are consisting of 69 slopes. Most of the cut slopes are constructed in cutting slope and retaining wall (CR). The cut slopes located in housing facilities are 46 slopes, and the slopes located in school facilities are 12 slopes. The traverse of cut slopes is mainly ranged from 50 m to 150 m, and the height is mainly ranged from 10 m to 20 m. The slopes combined with soil and rock are mostly distributed. The retaining wall was installed in the toe part of cut slope in order to increase the slope stability, and the additional reinforcement methods including the anchor, drainage, preventing rock fall, shotcrete and vegetation were installed at the toe part of cut slopes.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate factors contributing to internet addiction in 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families. Methods: Participants for this study were 201 4th, 5th, and 6th graders from low income families living in Taegu. Data were collected from March, 2 to May, 29, 2013 using self-report structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS/Win 20.0 programme. Results: Among the students, 78.6% were regular users, 14.4% were potential users, and 7.0% were high-risk users. The factors influencing internet addiction, in order of importance, were; conversation with family, followed by depression. Conclusion: These results suggest that efforts should make to monitor use of internet by elementary school children from low income families, and preventive strategies should be developed taking into consideration factors that influence internet addiction.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2015

This study histologically describes the gonadal development and reproductive cycle of the abalone, Haliotis discus discus inhabiting Jeju Island of Korea. Gonads displayed histologically definitive seasonal changes. The gonad index (GI) of both females and males was the highest (3.2 and 3.3) in September and was the lowest (1.7 and 1.4) in January and February. Egg diameter increase from early stage in March and reach about $180{\mu}m$ to ripe stage in August. The condition index (CI) was highest in July and lowest in May. The pattern of changes in the GI, egg diameter and CI were similar to the pattern of seasonal changes in gonadal tissues. The female ratio (F/F + M) was 59% (n = 182:127). The reproductive cycle was divided into an inactive stage (January-February), early active stage (March-April), late active stage (May-July), ripe stage (August-October) and spent and degenerative stage (November-January). The main spawning period of H. discus discus was August to October at Jeju Island in 2014.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.67-87
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• 2010

This article deal with petrotectonic setting and petrogenesis from petrography and chemical analyses of the Cretaceous volcanic and intrusive rocks in the Cheolwon basin. The volcanic rocks are composed of basalts in Gungpyeong Formation, Geumhaksan Andesite, and rhyolitic rocks (Dongmakgol Tuff, Rhyolite and Jijangbong Tuff), and intrusive rocks, Bojangsan Andesite, granite porphyry and dikes. According to petrochemistry, these rocks represent medium-K to high-K basalt, andesite and rhyolite series that belong to calc-alkaline series, and generally show linear compositional variations of major and trace elements with increase in $SiO_2$ contents, on many Harker diagrams. The incompatible and rare earth elements are characterized by high enrichments than MORB, and gradually high LREE/HREE fractionation and sharp Eu negative anomaly with late strata, on spider diagram and REE pattern. Some trace elements exhibit a continental arc of various volcanic arcs or orogenic suites among destructive plate margins on tectonic discriminant diagrams. These petrochemical data suggest that the basalts may have originated from basaltic calc-alkaline magma of continental arc that produced from a partial melt of upper mantle by supplying some aqueous fluids from a oceanic crust slab under the subduction environment. The andesites and rhyolites may have been evolved from the basaltic magma with fractional crystallization with contamination of some crustal materials. Each volcanic rock may have been respectively erupted from the chamber that differentiated magmas rose sequentially into shallower levels equivalenced at their densities.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.30
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• pp.189-217
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• 2009

Unlike Sijo researchers' wishes, there is no enough place for Sijo in school education. Its falling tendency has caused the crisis of literature. Literature is not only an act of making a human life become itself humanly but also the most effective way for communicating with all around the world. Especially, Sijo is an important genre for four reasons: (1)understanding about the traditional sentiment, ideology (thoughts), and way of life of a people, (2) including the wisdom to help us live in reality, (3)having a set pattern (standard) which is an important element to develop the language culture, (4)letting us know about the root of the racial literature. These peculiar characteristics of Sijo are the machinery and materials that can elevate the self-identity of teenager who has been undergoing emotional and psychological instability. Therefore, Sijo education should be done to draw a 'clear-map' by using the following order: to understand of Sijo and apply the subjective experience, imagination, and pre-understanding of a learner to it - to understand the embodied world in Sijo in the concrete and experience the basic manner about the way of putting the world into shape - to express the learner's idea and feeling freely and positively - the expression activity focused on their critical thinking - an appreciation expression stressed on the learner's activity to elevate the self-identity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.326-332
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• 2014

Two unrecorded naturalized species, Lolium rigidum Gaudin (Poaceae) and Oenothera rosea L'H$\acute{e}$r. ex Aiton (Onagraceae) were newly reported in Korea. L. rigidum, 'Daeng-Dol-Bo-Ri', was found at roadside of Yesong beach, Yesong-ri, Bogil-myeon, and roadside of Myeongsasimni beach, Sin-ri, Sinji-myeon, in Wando-gun, Jeollanam-do. It was distinguished from L. mutiflorum Lam by spikelet 10-20 mm long, florets 2-10(-13), and obtuse lemma, awn absent or up to 3-8(-10) mm. O. rosea, 'Ae-Ki-Bun-Hong-Nat-Dal-Mat-I-Kkot', was found in side of Wondong wetland, Yongdang-ri, Wondong-myeon, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do. This taxon was distinguishable from other Oenothera in Korea by following combination of characters, stem erect to ascending, petal 5-12 mm long, pink to bright purple. Descriptions and illustrations of the two taxa and their photographs in the habitat are provided along with a key to the species of Lolium and Oenothera from Korea.