• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.88-89
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• 2010

최근 인간의 활동범위와 영역이 확대되고 산업이 발전하면서 인간의 삶과 지속가능한 발전 등 도시 기후에 관한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 산업혁명 이후 도시화와 산업화로 인해 인구가 증가하고 도시지역으로 집중됨으로써 도시 열섬화 현상에 대한 도시환경문제가 부각되고 있다. 이는 최근까지도 도시개발에 있어서 기능과 효율성이 우선시 되어 도시기후에 대한 배려가 이루어지지 못하고 있으며, 오히려 과도한 냉난방을 가동하는 등 쾌적한 실내 환경 조성을 위한 노력만을 행해왔다. 도시화에 따른 도시의 열환경 구조의 변화는 토지이용의 변화에 따른 피복상태와 밀접한 관련이 있다는 연구들이 수행된 바 있다. 이렇듯 도시화가 진행됨에 따라서 도심 지표면을 덮고 있는 포장재도 변하고 있다. 대표적인 토지피복재로는 콘크리트와 아스팔트 등의 인공포장재, 수계, 삼림 등으로 크게 나누어 볼 수 있다. 최근 도심의 발달로 인해 도심의 표면은 점차 인공포장재인 아스팔트와 콘크리트로 덮여지고 있다. 인공포장재는 맑은 여름철 낮에 받아들인 열을 야간에도 머금고 있어 도시열섬현상의 주요원인이 된다. 도시화가 진행됨에 따라 토지이용형태가 변화하고 있으며 이러한 토지피복의 변화는 그 지역의 기온과 풍향, 풍속뿐만 아니라 지표온도도 변화시키므로 도시 열환경 구조에 적지 않은 영향을 미치고 있다. 과거에는 자연 환경과 도시공간에 대한 인식이 다른 분야로 나누어져서 다루었지만 현재 위성영상 기술의 발달로 많은 공간 정보를 파악할 수 있게 된 바 도시기후변화에 더욱 직접적이고 근본적인 접근이 쉬워졌다. 원격탐사기법의 활용은 위성자료를 이용하여 동시간대 평면적인 열구조를 정량적으로 파악하는데에 중요한 자료를 제공하여 도시지역을 덮고 있는 인공자재의 존재가 도시열섬의 형성과 밀접하게 연관이 있다는 사실을 짐작할 수 있다. 따라서 도시기후변화의 문제점을 더욱 적극적으로 해결하기 위해서는 토지이용에 따른 지표면 온도 상승의 현황을 파악하고 이를 저감 시킬 수 있는 대책들이 수립되어야 한다. 본 연구는 보다 세분화된 도시 열환경을 정량적으로 분석 평가하기 위해서 토지피복별 분류를 3가지로 대구시 중구 경북대학교 부속 고등학교(이하 사대부고 지점)를 도심지역으로, 경상남도 창녕군 창녕읍 우포늪(이하 우포지점)을 수계지점으로, 경상북도 안동시 길안면 만음리(이하 안동지점) 지점과 대구시 칠곡군 동명면 득명리 팔공산 한티재 도립공원(이하 팔공지점)을 산림으로 분류하여 연구하였다. 대구 계명대학교 기후환경연구실에서 보유하고 있는 AWS(Automatic Weather Station) 자료로 기상요소를 분석하였으며, MODIS Terra 위성영상을 이용하여 지표온도를 추출하고 분석하였다. 또 기상요소와 지표온도를 이용해 회귀식을 도출하여 추정기온을 산출하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 계절에 따른 기온의 시간변화는 여름의 평균기온이 $25.13^{\circ}C$와 $24.12^{\circ}C$로 사대지점과 우포지점의 평균기온이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 도심에서 발생되는 인공열의 영향으로, 우포지점은 수계의 특징이 반영된 결과라 할 수 있다. 둘째, 계절에 따른 풍속의 시간변화는 여름의 경우 우포지점의 풍속이 1.63m/s로 가장 높은 반면 안동지점의 풍속이 0.27m/s로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 겨울의 경우 팔공지점의 풍속이 1.82m/s로 가장 높게 나타났다. 토지피복에 따른 지표면의 변화가 도시기후에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 평가하고, 또 지표면 온도와 기온과의 차이를 알아보기 위하여 MODIS 위성 영상을 이용하여 세 지점을 대상으로 토지피복에 따른 열환경을 평가 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도는 여름철 주간에 안동지점의 경우 주변지역에 비해 지표면 온도가 약 $26^{\circ}C$로 낮게 나타났으며 우포지점의 경우 수계가 가지는 열 완충능력으로 약 $27^{\circ}C$의 낮은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 사대지점의 경우 약 $34^{\circ}C$이상의 높은 지표면 온도를 나타내었다. 둘째, MODIS 위성영상을 이용하여 산출한 지표면 온도와 관측된 기온과의 회귀식을 도출하여 상관분석 한 결과, 모든 지점의 값에서 상관성 및 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 상관분석의 결과를 통하여 추정한 기온은 지표면 온도와의 차이가 있지만 유사한 패턴의 결과로 추출되었다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 도시의 인공자재를 이용한 건축과 개발이 도시열섬현상을 유발하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 것을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 논문의 연구결과를 바탕으로 도시계획에 있어서 인공구조물에 의한 기온과 풍속이 받는 영향을 고려하여 도심의 인공구조물의 배치나 자재에 대한 개발이 이루어져야 할 것이며 열교환의 방해 및 바람순환이 확보되는 구조로 개선되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.2 s.271
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• pp.122-127
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• 2007

Background: Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common respiratory condition and has been postulated that it develops because of rupture of subpleural blebs. Although the morphology and ultrastructure of causative lesions are well known, the reason for rupture of sbupleural blebs is not absolutely clear. Broad consensus concerning the role of meteorological factors in spontaneous pneumothorax dose not exist. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of change of atmospheric pressure and temperature on the occurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax. Material and Method: One hundred twenty eight consecutive spontaneous pnemothorax events that occurred between January 2003 and December 2004 were selected. Changes of meteorological factors of particular days from the day before for 5 consecutive days were calculated and compared between the days with pneumothorax occurrence (SP days) and the days without pneumothorax occurrence (Non SP days). The correation between change of pressure and temperature and the occurrence of SP was evaluated. Result: SP occurred on 117 days (16.0%) in the 2-year period. Although there was no significant differences in change of pressure factors prior 4 days of SP occurrence compare to the 4 days prior Non SP day, change of mean pressure was higher (+0.934 vs. -0.191hPa, RR 1.042, Cl $1.003{\sim}1.082$, p=0.033), and change of maximum pressure fall was lower (3.280 vs. 4.791 hPa, RR 1.051, Cl $1.013{\sim}l.090$, p=0.009) on the 4 days prior SP day. There were significant differences in change of temperature factors prior 2 days and the day of SP, Changes of mean temperature (-0.576 vs.+$0.099^{\circ}C$, RR 0.886, 95% Cl $0.817{\sim}0.962$, p=0.004) and maximum temperature rise (7.231 vs. $8.079^{\circ}C$, RR 0.943 Cl $0.896{\sim}0.993$, p=0.027) were lower on the 2 days prior SP. But changes of mean temperature (0.533 vs. $-0.103^{\circ}C$, RR 1.141, Cl $1.038{\sim}l.255$, p=0.006) and maximum temperature rise (9.209 vs. $7.754^{\circ}C$, RR 1.123, Cl $1.061{\sim}1.190$, p=0.006) and maximum temperature rise (9.209 vs. $7.754^{\circ}C$ RR 1.123, Cl $1.061{\sim}l.190$, p=0.000) were higher on the SP days. Conclusion: Charge of atmospheric pressure and temperature seems to influence the chance of occurrence of SP. Meteorological phenomena that pressure rise 4 day prior to SP and following temperature fall and rise might explain the occurrence of SP. Further studies should be continued in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.28-44
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• 2015

Granite soil has been used traditionally as a school playground surface. Natural turf has also been used in some schools. Recently artificial turf has come into common use instead of granite soil or natural turf. Artificial turf playgrounds are used at 174 schools in Seoul, Korea. More than 3,500 artificial turf fields are installed in the United States. Because of the increase of artificial turf usage, there are many studies about the estimation of artificial turf effects to environment. Compared with artificial turf material effects such as characterization of substances released from material, and recognition of volatility of heavy metal into the surrounding environment - air or the percolating rainwater -, less studies for thermal effects of artificial turf playground have been done. Especially, the corresponding studies in Korea are few. Thus, the purpose of this research is to compare the thermal effects of artificial turf on school playground between natural turf and granite soil. In this study, air temperature and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) were compared in three scenarios by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Additionally, the results were validated through a field measurement. Air temperature decreasing effects by natural turf are greater than those by artificial turf and granite soil at 14:30 on 20th, July 2011. It shows the same decreasing effects at 23:30. However, the difference is less than that of daytime. PMV differences between natural turf and the other two surface covers are large at daytime while those are much less at nighttime. Consequently, air temperature and PMV of artificial turf are the highest among three school playground surface pavements.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.192-200
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate inorganic nutrient contents in spur leaf and shoot leaf of 'Niitaka' pear during the growing season and leaf inorganic nutrient contents as influenced by meteorological elements. The contents of N, P, K, and Mg were decreased in spur leaf during their vegetative growth, while Ca and Mn increased. The contents of N, P, K, Mg, and Fe showed no differences between spur leaf and shoot leaf. However Ca, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents were higher in spur leaf than those in shoot leaf, but B content was lower in spur leaf than those in shoot leaf. The content of N in shoot leaf was positively correlated with mean temperature, whereas negatively correlated with maximum temperature. The content of P in spur leaf was negatively correlated with maximum temperature. The content of Ca in spur leaf was negatively correlated with mean temperature, whereas positively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature. The contents of Mg and B in shoot and spur leaf were positively correlated with mean temperature, whereas negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature. The contents of Ca and Mn showed significant differences between spur leaf and shoot leaf at mid-July to early August. These results suggest that sampling is important to distinguish between spur leaf and shoot leaf for diagnosis of nutrient conditions in pear trees.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1994

To investigate the relationship between leaf growth of several woody plants and ait tempera ture in early growing season (from April to June) in deciduous forests, I surveyed the changes of leaf area (LA), leaf weight (LW) and specific leaf area (SLA) of 19 specles, in two areas Namhansansung (NA) and Taegwallyong (TA) area in which that the latitudes are similer ($37^{\circ}28'N$ at NA and $37^{\circ}27'N$ an TA), but annual mean-temperatures were different ($11.8^{\circ}C\;in\;NA, \;6.3^{\circ}C$ in TA) for two years, 1991 and 1992. In the same species, the plants of NA began to grow 10-25 days earlier than those of TA, but the latter grew faster than the former. On 10 June the values of LA and LW per leaf were similar in the two areas but the maximum values of SLA were higher in NA. In the same plant, the values of LA and LW were constant year by year, except for PYIOLUS leveilleana, Quercus mongolica, Symplocos chznensis for. pilosa and S t y a r ubussiu. In N A , the leaves be gan to grow during the first ten days of April, and eariler in 1992 than in 1991, and daily mean temperature (DMT) of the former from 27 March to 6 April were higher than those of thc latter. But the LA increased faster in 1991 than in 1992. and DMT from 10 April to 16 April were higher in 1991 than in 1992.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2011

Here we reported an analyzing result for the relationship between climatic variables and rice(c.v. Odaebyeo and Ilpumbyeo) yield characteristics (including some growth characteristics) based on a long-term observed data at GARES and at KMA for rice and weather, respectively. Most of crop parameters investigated, such as heading date, culm height, panicle number $m^{-2}$, grain number $panicle^{-1}$ ripening rate, 1,000 grain weight and yield were strongly affected by wind velocity and relative humidity, as well as by daily mean air temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours and daily variations in air temperature depending on variety and crop developmental stages. Air velocity and relative humidity had not been studied as climatic variables affecting on the characteristics of rice growth and yield, however, they turned out to affect all the characteristics of rice investigated, especially ripening rate and yield, as much as any other climatic variables in this study. Air velocity appeared to affect highly the culm height and yield of Odaebyeo and ilpumbyeo. Relative humidity appeared to affect highly grain number and ripening rate of Odaebyeo and yield of Ilpumbyeo. Consequently Rice yield revealed to increase in the climatic conditions of high air velocity and low relative humidity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.195-210
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to understand characteristics of groups vulnerable to extreme heat and to reduce mortality caused by high temperature. For this purpose, relationship between socioeconomic factors and mortality-threshold temperatures were studied. The study area was limited to Seoul (South Korea) and climate data from 2000 to 2010 was used. Our results indicate that mortality-threshold temperatures for regions with a high proportion of aging population and a low proportion of aging population are $27.6^{\circ}C$ and $27.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. It was also found that a relative size of welfare dependant population did not affect mortality-threshold temperatures. However, regions with a high proportion of aging and welfare dependant population experienced $0.7^{\circ}C$ lower mortality-threshold temperature than other regions. This implies that low income and older people in Seoul are more easily affected by high temperature. Thus, this study suggests that it needs a policy targeted to low income and aging population to decrease mortality rate caused by extreme heat.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 1979

Amylose content and alkali digestibility value of rice grain were tested from 10days after flowering up to maturity. Both amylooe content and alkali digestibility value showed slightly lower at earliest stage, but they reached maximum value by 20 days after flowering, and then they maintained the value until maturity. Both amylose content and alkali digestibility value showed negative correlations to air temperature, though they were not significant statistically except in case of amylose content and maximum temperature, which showed significant correlation in some year.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.336-344
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• 1996

생강뿌리썩음병은 충남 서산, 태안지역이 전북지역보다 3배나 심하게 발생하여 평균 발병주율이 18.1%에 달하였다. 이 병은 서산, 태안지역에서 7월 초순부터 발생하기 시작하여 한여름철의 기온이 높고 비가 많이 오는 장마가 7,8월에 급격히 증가하였으며 기온이 서늘해지기 시작하는 9월 중순까지 진전하였다. 서산, 태안지역과 완주지역은 토양의 이화학적성상 및 미생물상에 큰 차이를 보였으며 완주지역 토성은 서산, 태안에 비해 모래성분이 많고 pH가 낮으며, 유기물, 인산, 치환성 양이온의 함량도 낮았다. 진균, 세균, Pythium spp., Bacillus spp.의 토양내 밀도는 원주지역에서 낮았으나 B/F치는 서산, 태안지역보다 높았다. 완주지역에서 발병이 낮았던 것은 이 지역의 생강이 주로 답전윤환의 작부형태로 논에서 재배되기 때문으로 생각된다. 뿌리썩음병의 발병정도와 재배토양의 이화학적성상과의 상관은 관찰되지 않았다. 이 밖에도 초년재배, 답전윤환, 비가림 재배, 지하점적관수, 사양토 토양, 배수가 양호한 포장, 산간경사지 포장, 종강소독 등은 뿌리썩음병의 발병을 적게 하는 요인들이었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.279-286
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• 2004

This study observed the temperature and humidity within the green zone to understand the effect that land coverage and the structure of forests have on the relief of micro-climate control. Based on this set of data, this study interpreted, through the regression analysis, the relevance of land coverage of the green zone with temperature and distribution of humidity, as well as the amount of green with the relief of microclimate control. The results of the study demonstrated that high temperature regions were formed in barren areas, and low temperature regions in forests or near the water. In particular, low temperature was found in areas covered with tall and small trees, the water surrounded by forests and areas enclosing small rivers. Furthermore, mechanisms causing low temperature were, among others, the ratio of land coverage (forest, grassland, water). In fact, the temperature reduction effect varied in accordance with the types and ratios of the land coverage. Humidity also showed a close correlation with the distribution of temperature high temperature areas had low humidity and low temperature areas had high humidity. Such a phenomenon.