• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.37-61
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• 2013

In modern international law, the absence of legal definition regarding drone(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has made legal scholars work on an typical analogy between aircraft codified in the international document and drone. The wording of the Convention on International Civil Aviation is limited to two categories of aircraft, such as civil aircraft and state aircraft, whereas military aircraft is not legally defined. As such it is, the current practices of the State regarding the drone flight over foreign territory have proven a hypothese that drone is being deemed as military aircraft. Principal usage of drone lies in reconnaissance and surveillance mission as well as so-called targeted killing, which is prohibited if the killing is treacherous. Claimed war against terrorism, however, is providing a legal rationale that targeted killing is not treacherous, and that the targeted person is not civilian but combatant. In such context, armed attack of drone is deemed legal and justified. Consequently, such attack is legal in the general context of the war. The rules that govern targeting do not turn on the type of weapon system used, and there is no prohibition under the laws of war on the use of technologically advanced weapons systems in armed conflict so long as they are employed in conformity with applicable laws of war. Drones may present interesting new challenges because of their sophistication and the technological advantage they convey to their operators.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.74-83
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• 2017

The recently introduced public rental housing REITs was just different the business structure from the existing public rental housing system and the basic supply system is the same. So the ownership conversion for public house over 10 years rental duration is possible after half of the obligated rental duration according to the agreement between lessor and lessee. However rental business operators are likely to have a negative attitude to the early ownership conversion because of less expected profit. Thus, there is a need for an analysis of proper early ownership conversion moment that can achieve public purposes while ensuring the profitability of public rental housing REITs. In this study, the characteristics of the ownership conversion rights that can lessee to exercise considered to be options. Also the nature of 'REITs', 'public rental housing REITs' is considered to be affected by the macroeconomic variables. Thus, this study analyzed the value for ownership conversion in the public rental housing REITs according to real option scenarios reflecting macroeconomic variables. As a result, according to the change of the variation rate of the macroeconomic variables, it was found that with adjustable early ownership conversion time using the DCF(Discounted Cash Flow) model. Therefore, it is possible to ensure profitability of early ownership conversion by predicting the variation of variables.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.211-218
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• 2020

This study conducted a survey of 249 adults to determine the effect of oral health beliefs on total body health by mediating subjective oral health. The results showed that the subject's oral health belief averaged 3.75 points, the component of oral health belief was 3.41, the severity 3.73, the importance 4.22 and the benefit 4.19, and the subjective oral health was 3.77 points and the overall health was 3.06. Oral health belief and subjective oral health were found to have a correlation of wealth (r=-0.54, p<0.001), oral health belief and total body health also had a correlation of wealth(r=-0.30, p<0.001), subjective oral health and total body health had a relationship of justice(r=0.47, p<0.001). It was also found that oral health beliefs affect total body health by fully mediating subjective oral health. Based on these findings, it is thought that oral health education programs for adult oral health beliefs can be developed and utilized as basic data for comprehensive general health care, including oral health care, based on correct knowledge and attitudes.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.147-167
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the components and verify the relationship among service quality, customer satisfaction and relationship quality in liner shipping company. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature survey related to service quality, customer satisfaction, relationship quality was carried out and took an empirical analysis by the use of questionnaire method for employees in international freight forwarders. The final results are as follows; First, correlations between service quality and customer satisfaction are found to be positive. But service quality component of tangibles and responsiveness with customer satisfaction are not to be positive. Second, as the other study on the similar logistics industries, the correlation between customer satisfaction and relationship quality is found to be positive in this study.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.3-17
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• 2013

As electronic marketplaces grow and a large number of consumers exchange their opinions on products and services on the Internet, many studies have been conducted in the area of online consumer reviews. This paper analyzes the research trend of the online consumer reviews by investigating those studies in an attempt to provide future research directions. Many researchers have focused on the effects of online reviews on consumer behaviors as well as the usefulness of the online reviews. In particular, review contents, characteristics of reviewers/consumers and features of products/services have been identified as influencing factors on the effects of the online consumer reviews. For the review contents, the number and the volume of the contents have increasing effects on the online reviews, while the direction (positive vs. negative) of the contents has resulted in conflicting effects of the review. The reputation and trustfulness of reviewers, consumers' prior knowledge on the products, consumers' product involvement, and types of the products were investigated as these factors influence the effectiveness of the online consumer reviews. Social media (such as Facebook and Twitter) nowadays play an important role to disseminate online reviews among consumers. Thus, it is necessary to study how social media influence the effects of online reviews on consumers. Since some firms abuse the online reviews for their own sakes, we recognize the necessity for empirical studies on the side effects of the online reviews.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.45-54
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• 2005

Visual messages are fundamental elements for performing communication and indicate the signs which are delivered from the communicator to the communicatee via channels, Generally, we can classify visual messages into two groups; linguistic factors which are rational and deliver abstract concepts and unlinguistic factors which are mental and can be expressed concretely. Especially, web site with receivers' low attention and concentration need images which can attract their attention to visual messages. That is, web site is a medium which allows us to feel visual and emotional experiences. We can call it a standard of sign systems which are consisted of various styles of digital texts. The main purpose of this study lies in that we'll analyze how homepage introductory page as one of the forms of digital text conduces a meaning action to the receivers and that we'll apprehend the structures of images and different types of signs via a semiotic approach and analyze the underlying meaning of the messages. In order to survey the structures of images we'll look into the attitude toward perceiving messages by using semantic differential method which has been developed mostly by Osgood and analyze the visual images by adopting sign types of Fuss. As the signification is created by combining signs, it is significant that we'll analyze the meaning of sings between the transmitters and receivers from the semiotic viewpoint and study the signification systems.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-143
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• 2018

Many studies on the acceptance of multi-national products have made academic contributions by offering various implications. However, there have been relatively few studies on the attitudes and behaviors of multi-national products depending on the purchasing tendency of consumers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how acceptance process of multi-national product, which is high involvement, appears by sorting consumers' purchasing tendency into rational consumption tendency, brand pursuit tendency, and consciousness of other people. Also, in order to supplement the measurement method of existing research, this study sought to analyze the acceptance behavior of consumers more precisely by classifying the situation before and after exposures of multi-national origin information on products. For this, 266 consumers were surveyed and statistical analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling. As a result of the research model, it was found that consciousness of other people has a significant effect on susceptibility and antipathy of multi-national product. In addition, antipathy against multi-national products has more powerful effect than susceptibility.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2019

Currently, numerous companies and institutes provide services using the Internet, and establish and operate Information Systems to manage them efficiently and reliably. The Information System implies the possibility of losing the ability to provide normal services due to a disaster or disability. It is preparing for this by utilizing a disaster recovery system. However, existing disaster recovery systems cannot perform normal recovery if files for system recovery are corrupted. In this paper, we proposed a system that can verify the integrity of the system recovery file and proceed with recovery by utilizing hyper-ledger fabric blockchain. The PBFT consensus algorithm is used to generate the blocks and is performed by the leader node of the blockchain network. In the event of failure, verify the integrity of the recovery file by comparing the hash value of the recovery file with the hash value in the blockchain and proceed with recovery. For the evaluation of proposed techniques, a comparative analysis was conducted based on four items: existing system recovery techniques and data consistency, able to data retention, recovery file integrity, and using the proposed technique, the amount of traffic generated was analyzed to determine whether it was actually applicable.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-105
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• 2019

The failure of company management that does not overcome the recession of shipping economy has negative impact on front-end and back-end industries in relation to shipping industry overall. This study aims to derive a measure of government policy support for win-win of ship owners and shippers by performing a survey with experts in ship owners, shippers, and port-related institutions. This study employed a consistent fuzzy preference relation (CFPR) method to provide the priority of government policies. The study results showed that out of all 14 policies, the policy perceived most important was "expansion of participation in share of shipping company or ships of shipper (0.102)" followed by "strengthening of national shipper-centered service quality (0.101)", and "providing a long-term transportation contract model of container cargo (0.085)". To recover the Korean shipping industry via win-win of ship owners and shipper, the policy enforcement is important through correct government policy establishment and priority selection. In this regard, this study contributed to proposing policies and priority of the policies. For the future study, detailed analysis on comparison of perception difference among stakeholders in the shipping industry is needed.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.87-94
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• 2019

In this paper, the method of analyzing the unformatted data of consumers accumulated on social networks in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution by utilizing data from the service design and social psychology aspects was proposed. First, the fandom phenomenon, which shows subjective and collective behavior in a space on a social network rather than physical space, was defined from a data service perspective. The fandom model has been transformed into a collective level of customer Persona that has been analyzed at a personal level in traditional service design, and social network analysis that analyzes consumers' big data has been presented as an efficient way to pattern and visually analyze it. Consumer data collected through social leasing were pre-processed by column based on correlation, stability, missing, and ID-ness. Based on the above data, the company's brand strategy was divided into active and passive interventions and the effect of this strategic attitude on the growth direction of the consumer's fandom community was analyzed. To this end, the fandom model of consumers was proposed by dividing it into four strategies that the brand strategy had: stand-alone, decentralized, integrated and centralized, and the fandom shape of consumers was proposed as a growth model analysis technique that analyzes changes over time.